Form in ashes

Representations

Volumn 104, Issue , 2008, Pages 50-72

  Laqueur, Thomas ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 63849115224     PISSN: 07346018     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/rep.2008.104.1.50     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Fritz Schumacher, Die Feuerbestattung (Leipzig, 1939), 16. All translations are mine unless otherwise noted
2. Chris Baldick, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms (Oxford, 1990), s.v. "Form"
3. Alex Preminger, ed., Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, enlarged ed. (Princeton, 1974), s.v. "Form."
4. Aristotle, Poetics, 1447b17, in The Complete Works of Aristotle, ed. Jonathan Barnes (Princeton, 1984), 2:2316
5. Http://literaturecompass.wordpress.com/2007/04/12/historical-formalism- at-saa/
6. I take this general definition from the OED, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1989), s.v. "Isomorphism." An isomorphism is a one-to-one homomorphism that is a structure-preserving mapping from one structure to another in which the elements of each model are formally defined
7. See Robert Audi, ed., The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy (Cambridge, 1995), s.v. "Homomorphism."
8. Svetlana Alpers, The Art of Describing (Chicago, 1983), 23
9. Steven Greenblatt, Renaissance Self-Fashioning (Chicago, 1980), 226-27; 232 ff
10. See on this point Carla Hesse, "The New Empiricism," Cultural History and Social History 1 (2004): 201-7
11. Clifford Geertz's "Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cock Fight," in The Interpretation of Culture (New York, 1974) is the most cited social science work of the 1980s
12. replacing Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (Chicago, 1970)
13. Stanley Cavell's discussion is embedded in his essay "Aesthetic Problems of Modern Philosophy," in Must We Mean What We Say? (New York, 1969); all citations are from 78-79. I was alerted to this citation and, more importantly, to the connection between interpretive work in the human sciences - and in life - on the one hand, and in literature on the other, by the work of my friend Alexander Nehamas. My thoughts here grow out of chapter 3 of his 2008 Gifford Lectures on friendship delivered in April 2008
14. Leone Battista Alberti, Ten Books on Architecture, trans. Cosimo Bartoli (Italian) and James Leoni (English) (London, 1955), 164. It is odd that Alberti would associate this view with savage peoples. Lucan thought it a measure of wisdom to understand that what became of a body was of little import and Thomas Browne, in the seventeenth century, repeated Lucan's claim approvingly in his Urn Burial
15. La morte laica. I. Storia della cremazione in Italia (1880-1920), ed. Fulvio Conti, Anna Maria Isastia, Fiorenza Tarozzi (Turin, 1998), 57-58, citing Lega Italiana delle Societa di Cremazione. Comitato Centrale, Milano, 12 October 1886
16. Sir Henry Thompson, Modern Cremation: Its History and Practice, 2nd ed. (London, 1891), 4
17. George Wotherspoon, Cremation, Ancient and Modern: The History and Utility of Fire-Funeral (London, 1886), 12, and passim
18. Sir Henry Thompson, Modern Cremation: Cremation; Its History and Practice to the Present Date, 3rd rev. and enlarged ed. (London, 1899), 93-94
19. Karl Freiherr von Engerth, Fortschritte der Feuerbestattung in Deutschland (Vienna, 1892), 4
20. and reprinted in Zachary Cope, The Versatile Victorian: Being a Life of Sir Henry Thompson, 1820-1904 (London, n.d.), 125
21. William Eassie, Healthy Homes: A Handbook to the History, Defects, and Remedies of Drainage, Ventilation, Warming, and Kindred Subjects (London, 1872), i-iv
22. William Eassie, Sanitary Arrangements for Dwellings Intended for the Use of Officers of Health, Architects, Builders, and Householders (London, 1874), 2,12; see 85-86 for the mundane but important details of the project and on the evils of cesspits, or 60 for the perfect arrangement of the seat and trap of the water closet
23. Edmund Parkes, A Manual of Practical Hygiene (London, 1878)
24. there is a very precise calculation of the amount of solid and liquid waste produced for every 1000 people in J. McGregor Robertson, The Household Physician (London, 1890), 280
25. By my calculation the total amount of solid waste produced in Great Britain per year - 154 billion pounds for the population as a whole - is more than the total weight of dead bodies; William Holder, Cremation Versus Burial: An Appeal to Reason Against Prejudice (Hull, 1891), 20-21
26. Walter Smith, in Cremation, A Lecture (Salford, 1881), was speaking to the Salford Gas Department Mutual Improvement Society and was trying, I assume, to appeal to the special interests of his audience. Clipping from The Graphic in Cremation Society Archives Scrapbook CRE/4/3
27. Thompson, Modern Cremation, 3rd ed., 85-86
28. Catherine Gallagher, The Body Economic: Life, Death, and Sensation in Political Economy and the Victorian Novel (Princeton, NJ, 2006), esp. 86-117
29. Jakob Moleschott, Der Kreislauf des Lebens (Mainz, 1852), 480
30. more generally see Ursala Staiger, Die Auseinandersetzung um die Feuerbestattung in Deutschland im 19 Jahrhundert (MD thesis, University of Mainz, 1981), 6-9
31. Robert Nagel, Wege und Ziele der modernen Feuerbestattung (Stuttgart, 1922), 4
32. Prosper de Pietra Santa, "La crémation en France et Italie," Journal d'hygiene 8 (1882): 589-90
33. British Medical Journal, 17 October 1874, in Cremation Society Archives Scrapbook, CRE H/2
34. Gloucester Mercury, 4 May 1874, in Cremation Society Archives CRE H/1/8
35. Paolo Mantegazza, "La cremazione," in Nuova Antologia 27, no. 9 (1874): 12
36. Jacob Grimm, "Über das Verbrennen der Leichen," in Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Berlin (Berlin, 1849), 192
37. Holder, Cremation Versus Burial, 3
38. John Page Hopps, The Etherealization of the Body (London, n.d., ca. 1898), 3
39. Augustus G. Cobb, Earth Burial and Cremation: The History of Earth Burial and Its Attendant Evils and the Advantages Offered by Cremation (New York, 1892), 13, vi
40. Thomas Reed Thrice, "The 'Body Politic': Russian Funerals and the Politics of Representation, 1841-1921" (Ph.D. diss., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1998), esp. 319-55
41. Jewish Encylopedia.com at http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/, s.v. "Cremation."
42. Ferdinando Coletti, a major Italian public health advocate, cited in Conti, La morte laica, 20-21
43. Lorenzo Gestri, Le Ceneri di Pisa (Pisa, 2001), 18-22
44. Daniel Pick, "'Roma o morte': Garibaldi, Nationalism, and the Problem of Psycho-biography," History Workshop Journal 57 (Spring 2004)