"Remember Fort Mims:" Reinterpreting the origins of the Creek war

Journal of the Early Republic

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 611-636

  Davis, Karl ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 63849111868     PISSN: 02751275     EISSN: 15530620     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3124760     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Frank L. Owsley Jr., "The Fort Mims Massacre," Alabama Review, 24 (July 1971), 192-204, also gives a fine narrative account. "The Stiggins Narrative," Draper Papers (Alabama Department of Archives, Montgomery), (microfilm) is the basic primary account
2. Claudio Saunt, A New Order of Things, Property, Power and the Transformation of the Creeks (Cambridge, UK, 1999), 264-67
3. Frank L. Owsley Jr., Struggle for the Gulf Borderlands: The Creek War and the Battle for New Orleans, 1812-1815 (Gainesville, FL, 1981)
4. Joel W. Martin, Sacred Revolt, the Muskogees' Struggle for a New World Order, (Boston, 1991), 80, 103, 104
5. Gregory Evans Dowd, A Spirited Resistance: The North American Indian Struggle for Unity, 1745-1815 (Baltimore, 1992), 155, 169, 185
6. Kathryn Holland Braund, Deerskins and Duffels: The Creek Indian Trade with Anglo-America, 1685-1815 (Lincoln, 1993), 41-43, 61-65, 78-80
7. Michael Green, The Politics of Indian Removal, Creek Government and Society in Crisis (Lincoln, 1982), 33-36
8. Edward J. Cashin, Lachlan McGillivray, Indian Trader: The Shaping of the Southern Colonial Frontier (Athens, GA, 1992)
9. William S. Coker and Thomas D. Watson, Indian Traders of the Southeastern Spanish Borderlands: Panton, Leslie and Co. and John Forbes and Co., 1783-1847 (Gainesville, 1986)
10. For McGillivray's intention to trade with the Spanish, see McGillivray to Miró, June 12, 1788, and McGillivray to Charles McLatchy, Oct. 4, 1784, in Caughey, McGillivray of the Creeks, 184, 82
11. McGillivray to O'Neill, Aug. 12, 1788, in Archivo General de Indias, L198 (Historic New Orleans Collection); and fragment in Caughey, McGillivray of the Creeks, 191
12. For extensive treatments of the career of Hawkins, see Merritt B. Pound, Benjamin Hawkins, Indian Agent (Athens, GA, 1951)
13. and Florette Henri, The Southern Indians and Benjamin Hawkins, 1796-1816 (Norman, 1986)
14. For the Bailey family, see Hawkins's journal, Dec. 18, Dec. 25, 1796, 21, 28; for Bailey's trip to Philadelphia see Hawkins to Bailey, Feb. 10, 1797, in Grant, ed., Letters, Journals and Writings of Benjamin Hawkins, 67; for Dixon Bailey's character, see note by Hawkins, Jan. 1, 1801, ibid., 293
15. For Indian commodities, see Albert J. Pickett, History of Alabama (Sheffield, AL, 1896), 505; cotton gins established, ibid., 469, 503
16. Holmes, "Notes Upon the History of Alabama," Pickett Papers, section 25, 15-16
17. Pickett, History of Alabama, 469; Driesback manuscript, Draper Papers
18. Lorenzo Dow, The Complete Works of Lorenzo Dow (New York, 1852), 76, 222
19. Toulmin to President, Nov. 22, 1810, in Carter and Bloom, eds., Territorial Papers of the United States, 5:136
20. For debt, see William Simpson to Hawkins, Aug. 20, 1803, Hawkins Letters; for Spanish problems, see Innerarity to Forbes, Nov. 24, 1810, Panton Papers; for annuity payments, see American State Papers: Foreign Relations, 1:891
21. See Ross Hassig, "Internal Conflict in the Creek War of 1813-1814," in Ethnohistory, 21 (Summer 1974), 256-58
22. See Gregory Dowd, A Spirited Resistance: The North American Indian Stuggle for Unity, 1745-1815 (Baltimore, 1992)
23. and Joel Martin, Sacred Revolt: The Muskogees' Struggle for a New World (Boston, 1991), for extended treatments of the insurgency movement
24. J. F. H. Claiborne, Mississippi as a Province, Territory, and State (Jackson, MS, 1880), 101, 334; "The Stiggins Narrative," Draper Papers, 155
25. Frank Owsley, "Prophet of War: Josiah Francis and the Creek War," American Indian Quarterly (Summer 1985), 280; for the critique of Caller's actions and the claims that he was manipulated by Indians, see Lewis Sewall, "The Last Campaign of Sir John Falstaff the II," St. Stephens, Alabama, 1815, microprint copy in Early American Imprints (American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, MA)
26. Claiborne, Mississippi as a Province, Territory, and State, 101, 334; "The Stiggins Narrative," Draper Papers, 155
27. Claiborne, Mississippi as a Province, Territory, and State, 101, 334
28. for other discussions on Creek slaves, see Dunbar Rowland, ed., Official Letterbooks of W. C. C. Claiborne, 1801-1806(6 vols., Jackson, MS, 1917),4:265-66
29. Beasley to Claiborne, Aug. 30, 1813, reprinted in Alabama Review, 1961, 281
30. Daily National Intelligencer (Washington, DC), Oct., 4, 1813, 3
31. Jacob Rhett Motte, Journey into Wilderness, An Army Surgeon's Account of Life in Camp and Field during the Creek and Seminole Wars, 1836-1838, ed. James F. Sunderman (Gainesville, 1953), 22
32. For these genealogical records see letter from David Tate to Cadet Moniac, Apr. 23, 1822, reprinted in Alabama Historical Quarterly, 19 (Fall 1957), 407, Tarvin Manuscript, Draper Papers, 14, 17-19