John Stoughton and the Divina Pastora prize case, 1816-1819

Journal of the Early Republic

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 215-241

  Perrone, Sean T ^a  

^a SAINT ANSELM COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 63749084186     PISSN: 02751275     EISSN: 15530620     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jer.0.0006     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. United States Circuit Court for the District of Massachusetts (USCC-MA), Final Record Book (FRB), v.10, 31-38, National Archives and Record Administration, Northeastern Region - Boston
2. William C. Davis, The Pirates Laffite: The Treacherous World of the Corsairs of the Gulf (Orlando, FL, 200,5), 68-70
3. William R. Casto, Foreign Affairs and the Constitution in the Age of Fighting Sail (Columbia, SC, 2006), 87
4. Ariel N. Lavinbuk, "Rethinking Early Judicial Involvement in Foreign Affairs: An Empirical Study of the Supreme Court's Docket," Yale Law Journal 114 (2005), 861, 872-73, 877, 891
5. Judicial involvement in foreign affairs was not limited to the early nineteenth century. During the American Civil War, judicial rulings on prize cases would aggravate Anglo-American relations; see Stuart L. Bernath, Squall Across the Atlantic: American Civil War Prize Gases and Diplomacy (Berkeley, CA, 1970)
6. See William R. Casto, "The Origins of Federal Admiralty Jurisdiction in an Age of Privateers, Smugglers, and Pirates," American Journal of Legal History 37 (Apr. 1993), 139, 1,50
7. James J. Lenior, "Piracy Cases in the Supreme Court," Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 25 (1934), 532-53
8. G. Edward White, "The Marshall Court and International Law: The Piracy Cases," American Journal of International Law 83 (1989), 727-34
9. Alfred P. Rubin, The Law of Piracy (Newport, RI, 1988), 122-200 and quote on 126
10. Frederick C. Leiner, "The Charming Betsy and the Marshall Court," American Journal of Legal History 45 (Jan. 2001), 1-21
11. Rubin, Law of Piracy, 134
12. Charles C. Griffin, "Privateering from Baltimore during the Spanish American Wars of Independence," Maryland Historical Magazine 35 (Mar. 1940), 1-25
13. Casto, Foreign Affairs, 87
14. for an example of the court looking to French law, see Leiner, "The Charming Betsy" 15
15. On the growth of the Spanish consular service in the eighteenth century, see Jesús Pradells Nadal, Diplomacia y comercio: La expansión consular española en el siglo XVIII (Alicante, Spain, 1992) especially 567-99 on the Spanish consular service in the United States
16. On the importance of reliable intelligence to naval efforts to end piracy see Peter Earle, The Pirate Wars (London, 2003), 233
17. Reproduced in BiographyResource Center (Detroit, MI, 2006), http:// galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BioRC
18. H. D. S., "Consuls. Limitations on Power to Deal with Property Rights of Their Nationals," University of Pennsylvania Law Review 65 (1917), 690
19. See James Brown Scott, Prize Cases Decided in the United States Supreme Court, 1789-1918 (3 vols., Oxford, UK, 1923), 2: 1073-9
20. Henry Wheaton, A Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, From Its Establishment in 1789 to February Term 1820. Including the Cases decided in the Continental Court of Appeals in Prize Causes, during the War of the Revolution (New York, 1821), 316, 129
21. Sullivan to Stoughton, Jan, 7, 1817, DJSFP, box 1, folder 7
22. William Henry Winder (1775-1824) was a lawyer and soldier, who commanded the American forces at the disastrous battle of Bladensburg (1814) that allowed the British to burn Washington
23. See "William Henry Winder," Dictionary of American Biography
24. USCC-MA, FRB, v.10, 82
25. For more on the creation of legal culture, see Mary Sarah Bilder, The Transatlantic Constitution: Colonial Legal Culture and the Empire (Cambridge, MA, 2004), 21-22, 120
26. James T. Austin (1784-1870) was eventually attorney general of Massachusetts. After finishing college, he studied law for three years under William Sullivan. He had a low opinion of William Sullivan on account of Sullivan's Federalist politics
27. For a copy of the document transferring power of attorney, see Stoughton v. "Divina Pastora" and cargo , December 1816 term, United States District Court Massachusetts
28. Wheaton, Digest of the Decisions, 379
29. Appellate Case Files of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1792-1831, M214, roll 45
30. Scott, Prize, 2: 10,54
31. Joseph Bloomfield (1753-1823) was a captain in the Revolutionary war and brigadier general in the War of 1812 and held many other elected offices, including governor of New Jersey (1801-1812)
32. See "Joseph Bloomfield," Dictionary of American Biography. The power of attorney, however, was not legally transferred to Bloomfield until Aug. 16, 1819
33. Don Juan Stoughton v. Brig. "Divina Pastora" and cargo, May 1819 term, Box 40 10/01/10/3, folder 39, United States Circuit Court Massachusetts
34. Scott, Prize Cases, 2: 1162
35. Eugene Kontorovich, "The Piracy Analogy: Modern Universal Jurisdiction's Hollow Foundation," Harvard International Law Journal 45 (2004), 222
36. Edwin D. Dickinson, "The Unrecognized Government or State in English and American Law," Michigan Law Review 22 (1923), 120
37. For the murder of James Stoughton see Newburyport Herald, Dec. 28, 1819, 3 and Personal, leg. 231, expediente 13121, Francisco Stoughton Personnel File, Archivo del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Madrid, Spain
38. For more on Spanish efforts to prevent the outfitting of privateers and filibusters, see Sean T. Perrone, "The Role of Spanish Consuls in the United States, 1795-1898," in Nation and Conflict in Modern Spain: Essays in Honor of Stanley G. Payne, ed. Brian D. Bunk, Carl-Gustaf Scott, and Sasha D. Pack (Madison, WI, 2008)
39. Hugh Dubrulle, "One Great Society: Europe and the Civil War," in Struggle for a Vast Future: The American Civil War, ed. Aaron Sheehan-Dean (Oxford, UK, 2006), 226-27