Influence of solar-geomagnetic disturbances on SABER measurements of 4.3 μm emission and the retrieval of kinetic temperature and carbon dioxide

Advances in Space Research

Volumn 43, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 1325-1336

  Mertens, Christopher J ^a   Winick, Jeremy R ^b   Picard, Richard H ^b   Evans, David S ^c   López Puertas, Manuel ^d   Wintersteiner, Peter P ^e   Xu, Xiaojing ^f   Mlynczak, Martin G ^a   Russell III, James M ^g  

^a NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^b AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^c NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^d INSTITUTO DE ASTROFÍSICA DE ANDALUCÍA CSIC   (Spain)

^e ARCON CORPORATION   (United States)

^f SCIENCE SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS INC   (United States)

^g HAMPTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ); E Region Ion Neutral Chemistry; Infrared remote sensing; Ionosphere E Region; Magnetic Storms; Non LTE; Radiation Transfer; SABER; Temperature

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; ENERGY TRANSFER; GEOMAGNETISM; IONS; PHOTOIONIZATION; REMOTE SENSING; STORMS; TEMPERATURE;

INFRARED REMOTE SENSING; MAGNETIC STORMS; NEUTRAL CHEMISTRY; NON-LTE; RADIATION TRANSFER; SABER;

E REGION;

EID: 63649121915     PISSN: 02731177     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2008.10.029     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Akasofu S.-I. The development of the auroral substorm. Planet. Space Sci. 12 4 (1964) 273-282
2. 2 at 300 K. J. Chem. Phys. 71 8 (1979) 3295-3298
3. Banks P.M., Chappell C.R., and Nagy A.F. A new model of the interaction of auroral electrons with the atmosphere: spectral degradation, backscatter, optical emission, and ionization. J. Geophys. Res. 79 10 (1974) 1459-1470
4. + . Chem. Phys. Lett. 23 2 (1973) 160-166
5. Caledonia G.E., Murphy R.E., Nadile R.M., and Ratkowski A.J. Analysis of auroral infrared emission observed during ELIAS experiment. Ann. Geophys. 13 (1995) 247-252
6. Christensen A.B., Paxton L.J., Avery S., et al. Initial observations with the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) in the NASA TIMED satellite mission. J. Geophys. Res. 108 A12 (2003) 1451 10.1029/2003JA00918
7. + (v) ions in neutral collisions. J. Chem. Phys. 79 3 (1983) 1543-1544
8. Dothe H., von Esse F., and Sharma R.D. Rotational temperatures and production mechanisms of some infrared radiators in the daylit terrestrial thermosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 101 A9 (1996) 19715-19721
9. + in the thermosphere. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 62 (2000) 1199-1206
10. Espy P.J., Harris C.R., Steed A.J., Ulwick J.C., and Haycock R.H. Rocketborne interferometer measurement of infrared auroral spectra. Plant. Space Sci. 36 (1988) 543-551
11. + (v) ions. J. Chem. Phys. 83 3 (1985) 1028-1032
12. Fox J.L., and Sung K.Y. Solar activity variations of the Venus thermosphere/ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 106 A10 (2001) 21305-21335
13. Gordley L.L., Marshall B.T., and Chu D.A. LINEPAK: algorithms for modeling spectral transmittance and radiance. J. Quantum Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 52 5 (1994) 563-580
14. Huber K.P., and Herzberg G. Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure IV Constants of Diatomic Molecules (1979), van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York
15. 2 and CO at low temperatures. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 39 (1975) 386-479
16. 2 densities in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere as measured by CRISTA. J. Geophys. Res. 107 D23 (2002) 8182 10.1029/2001JD000704
17. 2 at 300 K. J. Chem. Phys. 84 4 (1986) 2158-2166
18. Lindinger W., Fehsenfeld F.C., Schmeltekopf A.L., and Ferguson E.E. Temperature dependence of some ionospheric ion-neutral reactions from 300 to 900 K. J. Geophys. Res. 79 31 (1974) 4753-4756
19. 2 15 μm bands. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 48 8 (1986) 729-748
20. 2 (1) vibrational levels. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 48 8 (1986) 749-764
21. 2 non-LTE radiative transfer model. J. Geophys. Res. 103 D7 (1998) 8499-8513
22. 2 Abundances in the Middle Atmosphere Geophysical Monograph 123 (2000), American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC pp. 83-100
23. Marshall B.T., Gordley L.L., and Chu D.A. BANDPAK: algorithms for modeling broadband transmission and radiance. J. Quantum Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 52 5 (1994) 581-599
24. 2 from thermal to ∼2 eV. J. Chem. Phys. 59 12 (1973) 6620-6628
25. + + O reaction. J. Geophys. Res. 79 19 (1974) 2925-2926
26. Mertens C.J., Schmidlin F.J., Goldberg R.A., et al. SABER observations of mesospheric temperatures and comparisons with rocket falling sphere measurements taken during the 2002 summer MaCWAVE campaign. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (2004) L03105 10.1029/2003GL018605
27. Mertens C.J., Russell III J.M., Mlynczak M.G., et al. Kinetic temperature and carbon dioxide from measurements of broadband Earth limb emission measurements taken from the TIMED/SABER instrument. Adv. Space Res. (2009) 10.1016/j.asr.2008.04.017
28. 2 15 μm Earth limb emission under non-LTE conditions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 7 (2001) 1391-1394
29. Mertens, C.J., Mlynczak, M.G., López-Puertas, M., Wintersteiner, P.P., Picard, R.H., Winick, J.R., Gordley, L.L., Russell III J.M. Retrieval of kinetic temperature and carbon dioxide abundance from non-local thermodynamic equilibrium limb emission measurements made by the SABER instrument on the TIMED satellite. In: Proceedings of SPIE, Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere VII, Agia Pelagia, Crete, Greece, September 24-27, vol. 4882, pp. 162-171, 2002.
30. Mertens C.J., Mast J.C., Winick J.R., Russell III J.M., Mlynczak M.G., and Evans D.S. Ionospheric E-region response to solar-geomagnetic storms observed by TIMED/SABER and application to IRI storm-model development. Adv. Space Res. 39 (2007) 715-728
31. Mertens, C.J., Winick, J.R., Russell III J.M., Mlynczak, M.G., Evans, D.S., Bilitza, D., Xu, X. Empirical storm-tiem correction to the international reference ionosphere model E-region electron and ion density parameterizations using observations from TIMED/SABER. In: Proceedings of SPIE, Remote Sensing of Clouds and Atmosphere VII, Florence, Italy, September 17-19, vol. 6745, 65451L, doi:10.1117/12.737318, 2007b.
32. Mertens C.J., Fernandez J.R., Xu X., Evans D.S., Mlynczak M.G., and Russell III J.M. A new source of auroral infrared emission observed by TIMED/SABER. Geophys. Res. Lett. 35 (2008) L17106 10.1029/2008GL034701
33. Mlynczak M.G., Martin-Torres F.J., Russell J., et al. The natural thermostat of nitric oxide emission at 5.3 μm in the thermosphere observed during the solar storms of April 2002. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30 21 (2003) 2100 10.1029/2003GL017693
34. Mlynczak M.G., Martin-Torres F.J., Crowley G., et al. Energy transport in the thermosphere during the solar storms of April 2002. J. Geophys. Res. 110 (2005) A12S25 10.1029/2005JA011142
35. Newton G.P., Walker J.C.G., and Meijer P.H.E. Vibrationally excited nitrogen in stable auroral red arcs and its effects on ionospheric recombination. J. Geophys. Res. 79 25 (1974) 3807-3818
36. + 4.3 μm emission observed from the midcourse space experiment: multiplatform observations of 9 February 1997. J. Geophys. Res. 112 (2007) A06327 10.1029/2006JA012120
37. Picard R.H., Winick J.R., Sharma R.D., Zachor A.S., Espy P.J., and Harris C.R. Interpretation of infrared measurements of the high-latitude thermosphere from a rocket-borne interferometer. Adv. Space Res. 7 10 (1987) 23-30
38. Rees M.H. Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere (1989), Cambridge University Press, New York
39. Richards P.G. Ion and neutral density variations during ionospheric storms in September 1974: comparison of measurement and models. J. Geophys. Res. 107 A11 (2002) 1361 10.1029/2002JA00978
40. Richards P.G. On the increase in nitric oxide density at midlatitudes during ionospheric storms. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (2004) A06304 10.1029/2003JA010110
41. Roble R.G. Energetics of the mesosphere and thermosphere. In: Johnson R.M., and Killeen T.L. (Eds). The Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: A Review of Experiment and Theory AGU Monograph Series vol. 87 (1995), American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC 23-76
42. Rothman L.S., Barbe A., Chris Benner D., et al. The HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database: edition of 2000 including updates through 2001. J. Quantum Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 82 (2003) 5-44
43. Russell III, J.M., Mlynczak, M.G., Gordley, L.L., Tansock, J., Esplin, R. An overview of the SABER experiment and preliminary calibration results. In Proceedings of the SPIE, 44th Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, July 18-23, vol. 3756, pp. 277-288, 1999.
44. 2 ion-molecule reactions. Chem. Phys. Lett. 94 4 (1983) 398-403
45. + emission in the thermosphere. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 62 (2000) 1189-1198
46. Strickland D.J., Book D.L., Coffey T.P., and Fedder J.A. Transport equation techniques for the deposition of auroral electrons. J. Geophys. Res. 81 16 (1976) 2755-2764
47. 2 P) 3371 Å. J. Geophys. Res. 95 A12 (1990) 21147-21168
48. + ion. J. Molec. Spectrosc. 96 (1982) 362-367
49. Winick, J.R., Picard, R.H., Joseph, R.A., Sharma, R.D., Wintersteiner, P.P.. An infrared spectral radiance code for the auroral thermosphere (AARC), Report AFGL-TR-87-0334 (NTIS ADA202432), Air Force Geophysical Laboratory, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts, 1987.
50. 2 in the upper mesosphere as derived from UARS/ISAMS measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 105 D15 (2000) 19829-19839
51. Zhang Y., Paxton L.J., Morrison D., Wolven B., Kil H., and Wing S. Nightside detached auroras due to precipitating protons/ions during intense magnetic storms. J. Geophys. Res. 110 (2005) A02206 10.1020/2004JA010498