메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 55-90

Lead isotopes in west African copper alloys

Author keywords

Akan; Andoni creek; Apapa; Ashanti; Benin; Cross river; Forcados river; Ife; Igbo Ukwu; Jebba; Jenne; Lower Niger; Ma'aden Ij fen; Marandet; Owo; Tada; Tsoede; West Africa

Indexed keywords


EID: 63649092727     PISSN: 16121651     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3213/1612-1651-10063     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (17)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0344103405 scopus 로고
    • Brincard, M.-T, ed, The African-American Institute, New York
    • Brincard, M.-T. (ed.) 1982. The Art of Metal in Africa. The African-American Institute, New York
    • (1982) The Art of Metal in Africa
  • 7
    • 84985665890 scopus 로고
    • Medieval copper alloy production and West African bronze analyses - Part II
    • Craddock, P.T. & Picton, J. 1986. Medieval copper alloy production and West African bronze analyses - Part II. Archaeometry 28 (1), 3-32
    • (1986) Archaeometry , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-32
    • Craddock, P.T.1    Picton, J.2
  • 9
    • 85038757634 scopus 로고
    • Department of Antiquities, Nigerian National Press Ltd, Lagos, Nigeria
    • Department of Antiquities 1958-62. Annual Report. Nigeria Federal Department of Antiquities. Nigerian National Press Ltd., Lagos, Nigeria
    • (1958) Annual Report. Nigeria Federal Department of Antiquities
  • 10
    • 63649155586 scopus 로고
    • Nupe bronzes
    • Eccles, P. 1962. Nupe bronzes. Nigeria Magazine 73, 13-25
    • (1962) Nigeria Magazine , vol.73 , pp. 13-25
    • Eccles, P.1
  • 11
    • 0004273424 scopus 로고
    • 4th edition. Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria
    • Egharevba, J.U. 1968. A Short History of Benin. 4th edition. Ibadan University Press, Ibadan, Nigeria
    • (1968) A Short History of Benin
    • Egharevba, J.U.1
  • 12
    • 63649149079 scopus 로고
    • New terracotta finds at Oko-Eso, Ife
    • 32-35
    • Eluyemi, O. 1975. New terracotta finds at Oko-Eso, Ife. African Arts 9 (1), 32-35, 92
    • (1975) African Arts , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 92
    • Eluyemi, O.1
  • 16
    • 62549162006 scopus 로고
    • Arts Council of Great Britain, London
    • Fagg, W.B. 1960. Nigerian Tribal Art. Arts Council of Great Britain, London
    • (1960) Nigerian Tribal Art
    • Fagg, W.B.1
  • 20
    • 63649144495 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of two bronzes from a Nigerian Asunaja Shrine
    • Fleming, S.J. & Nicklin, K.W. 1982. Analysis of two bronzes from a Nigerian Asunaja Shrine. MASCA Journal 2 (2), 53-57
    • (1982) MASCA Journal , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 53-57
    • Fleming, S.J.1    Nicklin, K.W.2
  • 22
    • 27144431649 scopus 로고
    • Studies in Akan goldweights (I): The origin of the goldweight system
    • Garrard, T.F. 1972a. Studies in Akan goldweights (I): The origin of the goldweight system. Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana 13 (1), 1-20
    • (1972) Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-20
    • Garrard, T.F.1
  • 23
    • 27144473316 scopus 로고
    • Studies in Akan goldweights (II): The weight standards
    • Garrard, T.F. 1972b. Studies in Akan goldweights (II): The weight standards. Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana 13 (2), 149-162
    • (1972) Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 149-162
    • Garrard, T.F.1
  • 25
    • 0013388310 scopus 로고
    • Akan Weights and the Gold Trade
    • Longman, New York
    • Garrard, T.F. 1980. Akan Weights and the Gold Trade. Legon History Series. Longman, New York
    • (1980) Legon History Series
    • Garrard, T.F.1
  • 27
    • 0002350749 scopus 로고
    • Lead isotope studies of metal sources for ancient Nigerian "bronzes
    • Goucher, C.L., Teilhet, J.H., Wilson, K.R. & Chow, T.J. 1976. Lead isotope studies of metal sources for ancient Nigerian "bronzes". Nature 262 (5564), 130-131
    • (1976) Nature , vol.262 , Issue.5564 , pp. 130-131
    • Goucher, C.L.1    Teilhet, J.H.2    Wilson, K.R.3    Chow, T.J.4
  • 28
    • 0347946340 scopus 로고
    • Lead isotope analyses and possible metal sources for Nigerian bronzes
    • Goucher, C.L., Teilhet, J.H., Wilson, K.R. & Chow, T.J. 1978. Lead isotope analyses and possible metal sources for Nigerian "bronzes". In: Carter, G.F. (ed.), Archaeological Chemistry II. Advances in Chemistry. vol. 171. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 278-292
    • (1978) Archaeological Chemistry , vol.2 , pp. 278-292
    • Goucher, C.L.1    Teilhet, J.H.2    Wilson, K.R.3    Chow, T.J.4
  • 29
    • 25944449933 scopus 로고
    • Marandet
    • Grébénart, D. 1993. Marandet. In: Devisse, J., Polet, J. & Sidibé, S. (eds.), Vallées du Niger. Éditions de la Réunion des Musées Nationaux, Paris, pp. 375-377
    • (1993) Vallées du Niger , pp. 375-377
    • Grébénart, D.1
  • 32
    • 0343970990 scopus 로고
    • Stable lead isotope characterization of various copper alloys used in West Africa: An interim report
    • Joel, E.C., Sayre, E.V., Vocke, R.D. & Willett, F. 1995. Stable lead isotope characterization of various copper alloys used in West Africa: An interim report. Historical Metallurgy 29 (1), 25-33
    • (1995) Historical Metallurgy , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-33
    • Joel, E.C.1    Sayre, E.V.2    Vocke, R.D.3    Willett, F.4
  • 33
    • 63649094626 scopus 로고
    • Contribution to the problem of regeneration of ore deposits in Alpine orogenic belts (Tunisia)
    • Kantor, J., Rybár, M. & Dillnberger, K. 1968. Contribution to the problem of regeneration of ore deposits in Alpine orogenic belts (Tunisia). Geologické práce, Zprávy 44-45, 5-18
    • (1968) Geologické práce, Zprávy , vol.44-45 , pp. 5-18
    • Kantor, J.1    Rybár, M.2    Dillnberger, K.3
  • 34
    • 0000864066 scopus 로고
    • Testing contemporaneity and averaging radiocarbon dates
    • Long, A. & Rippeteau, B. 1974. Testing contemporaneity and averaging radiocarbon dates. American Antiquity 39 (2), 205-215
    • (1974) American Antiquity , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 205-215
    • Long, A.1    Rippeteau, B.2
  • 35
    • 62549084150 scopus 로고
    • The Lower Niger bronze bells: Form, iconography, and function
    • Lorenz, C.A. 1982. The Lower Niger bronze bells: Form, iconography, and function. In: Brincard, M.-T. (ed.), The Art of Metal in Africa. Translated by E. Fischel. The African-American Institute, New York, pp. 52-60
    • (1982) The Art of Metal in Africa , pp. 52-60
    • Lorenz, C.A.1
  • 36
    • 0038595493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mack, J, ed, Oxford University Press, New York/London
    • Mack, J. (ed.) 2000. Africa: Arts and Cultures. Oxford University Press, New York/London
    • (2000) Africa: Arts and Cultures
  • 39
    • 77958170757 scopus 로고
    • The Jenne bronze question
    • 64-69
    • Nesmith, F.H. 1984. The Jenne bronze question. African Arts 17 (3), 64-69, 90-91
    • (1984) African Arts , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 90-91
    • Nesmith, F.H.1
  • 40
    • 79956971308 scopus 로고
    • The iconography of Benin brass rings
    • Nevadomsky, J. 1989. The iconography of Benin brass rings. Tribus 38, 59-70
    • (1989) Tribus , vol.38 , pp. 59-70
    • Nevadomsky, J.1
  • 41
    • 62549096187 scopus 로고
    • A bronze "Carnivore Skull" from Oron, Nigeria
    • Nicklin, K. & Fleming, S.J. 1980. A bronze "Carnivore Skull" from Oron, Nigeria. MASCA Journal 1 (4), 104-105
    • (1980) MASCA Journal , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 104-105
    • Nicklin, K.1    Fleming, S.J.2
  • 42
    • 79956863689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower Niger bronze industries and the archaeology of the Niger Delta
    • Peek, P.M. & Nicklin, K. 2002. Lower Niger bronze industries and the archaeology of the Niger Delta. In: Anderson, M.G. & Peek, P.M. (eds.), Ways of the Rivers: Arts and Environment of the Niger Delta. UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History, Los Angeles, CA, pp. 38-59
    • (2002) Ways of the Rivers: Arts and Environment of the Niger Delta , pp. 38-59
    • Peek, P.M.1    Nicklin, K.2
  • 43
    • 79956971323 scopus 로고
    • Africa: The Art of a Continent
    • Phillips, T, ed, London, and Prestel, New York
    • Phillips, T. (ed.) 1995. Africa: The Art of a Continent. Royal Academy of Arts, London, and Prestel, New York
    • (1995) Royal Academy of Arts
  • 44
    • 0003585540 scopus 로고
    • Benin and the Europeans, 1485-1897
    • Longmans, Harlow
    • Ryder, A.F.C. 1969. Benin and the Europeans, 1485-1897. Ibadan History Series. Longmans, Harlow
    • (1969) Ibadan History Series
    • Ryder, A.F.C.1
  • 47
    • 79956975632 scopus 로고
    • Neutron activation analysis of clay cores from Nigerian castings
    • In: Slater, E.A. & Tate, J.O. (eds.) British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, England
    • Slater, E.A. & Willett, F. 1988. Neutron activation analysis of clay cores from Nigerian castings. In: Slater, E.A. & Tate, J.O. (eds.), Science and Archaeology, Glasgow 1987. BAR British Series vol. 196(i). British Archaeological Reports, Oxford, England, pp. 247-258
    • (1988) Science and Archaeology, Glasgow 1987. BAR British Series , vol.196 , Issue.1 , pp. 247-258
    • Slater, E.A.1    Willett, F.2
  • 48
    • 0027449852 scopus 로고
    • High-precision decadal calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, AD 1950-6000 BC
    • Stuiver, M. & Becker, B. 1993. High-precision decadal calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, AD 1950-6000 BC. Radiocarbon 35 (1), 35-65
    • (1993) Radiocarbon , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-65
    • Stuiver, M.1    Becker, B.2
  • 52
    • 84952187800 scopus 로고
    • Rapacious birds and severed heads: Early bronze rings from Nigeria
    • Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois
    • Vogel, S.M. 1984. Rapacious birds and severed heads: Early bronze rings from Nigeria. Museum Studies 10, 331-357. Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois
    • (1984) Museum Studies , vol.10 , pp. 331-357
    • Vogel, S.M.1
  • 54
    • 84985692267 scopus 로고
    • Metallurgische Untersuchungen der Benin-Bronzen des Museums für Völkerkunde Berlin. Teil I: Beitrag zur Systematik der Benin-Legierungen.
    • Werner, O. 1970. Metallurgische Untersuchungen der Benin-Bronzen des Museums für Völkerkunde Berlin. Teil I: Beitrag zur Systematik der Benin-Legierungen. Baessler-Archiv, Neue Folge 18, 71-153
    • (1970) Baessler-Archiv, Neue Folge , vol.18 , pp. 71-153
    • Werner, O.1
  • 55
    • 0040804489 scopus 로고
    • African Art: An Introduction
    • Praeger, New York
    • Willett, F. 1971. African Art: An Introduction. Praeger World of Art Series. Praeger, New York
    • (1971) Praeger World of Art Series
    • Willett, F.1
  • 56
    • 0002023144 scopus 로고
    • The Benin Museum collection
    • 6-17
    • Willett, F. 1973. The Benin Museum collection. African Arts 6 (2), 6-17, 94
    • (1973) African Arts , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 94
    • Willett, F.1
  • 57
    • 0002379069 scopus 로고
    • The analysis of Nigerian copper alloys: Retrospect and prospect
    • Willett, F. 1981. The analysis of Nigerian copper alloys: Retrospect and prospect. Critica d'Arte Africane 46 (n.s. fasc 178), 35-49
    • (1981) Critica d'Arte Africane , vol.46 , Issue.178 , pp. 35-49
    • Willett, F.1
  • 58
    • 0040804489 scopus 로고
    • African Art: An Introduction
    • Rev. ed, Thames and Hudson, New York/London
    • Willett, F. 1993. African Art: An Introduction. Rev. ed. World of Art. Thames and Hudson, New York/London
    • (1993) World of Art
    • Willett, F.1
  • 59
    • 79956971260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African Art
    • New ed, Thames & Hudson, New York/London
    • Willett, F. 2002. African Art. New ed. World of Art. Thames & Hudson, New York/London
    • (2002) World of Art
    • Willett, F.1
  • 61
    • 84985738538 scopus 로고
    • A catalogue of important Nigerian copper-alloy castings dated by thermoluminescence
    • Willett, F. & Fleming, S.J. 1976. A catalogue of important Nigerian copper-alloy castings dated by thermoluminescence. Archaeometry 18 (2), 135-146
    • (1976) Archaeometry , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-146
    • Willett, F.1    Fleming, S.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.