First in the vale of affliction: Slovakian Jewish women in Auschwitz, 1942

Holocaust and Genocide Studies

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 299-325

  Büchler, Yehoshua R ^a  

^a Moreshet Archives   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 63549136994     PISSN: 87566583     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/hgs/10.3.299     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Yitshak Arad, Yisrael Gutman, Abraham Margaliot, eds., Documents on the Holocaust (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1981), p. 257
2. Gila Fatran, Struggle for Survival? Leadership of Slovakian Jewry During the Holocaust, 1938-1944 (in Hebrew), (Tel Aviv: Moreshet, 1992), pp. 106ff
3. Christopher R. Browning, The Final Solution and the German Foreign Office (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1978), p. 94
4. Cf. Yehoshua Büchler, "Deportation of Slovakian Jews to the Lublin Area 1942" (in Hebrew), Yalkut Moreshet 50 (1991), p. 120
5. See Hermann Kaienburg, "Vernichtung durch Arbeit" (Bonn: J.H.W. Dietz, 1991), pp. 26ff
6. See protocol by Luther, March 29, 1942, in Longerich
7. Dezider Tóth, ed., Tragedia slovenskych Židov (Banská Bystrica: Datei, 1992), pp. 264ff
8. Tóth, Tragedia
9. Doris Fürstenberg, Jeden Moment war dieser Tod: Interviews mit jüdischen Frauen die Auschwitz überlebten (Düsseldorf: Droste, 1986), pp. 52ff
10. Julia Skodova, Tri roky bez mena (Bratislava, 1962), p. 17; this is the memoir of a young woman sent to Auschwitz in the first transport
11. See testimonies in Fürstenberg, pp. 52ff
12. See Livia Rothkirchen, The Destruction of Slovakian Jewry (in Hebrew) (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1961), pp. 21ff
13. See article by Yehuda Bauer in Eberhard Jäckel and Jürgen Rohwer, Der Mord an den Juden im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch, 1987), p. 167
14. Ino Arndt, "Das Frauenkonzentrationslager Ravensbrück," in Dachauer Hefte 3 (1987), pp. 138ff
15. Danuta Czech, Kalendarium der Ereignisse im Konzentrationslager Auschwitz-Birkenau 1939-1945 (Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1989), pp. 185ff
16. On this subject see Józef Buszko, Auschwitz, faschistisches Vernichtungslager (Warsaw, 1988), p. 23
17. Cf. Zvi Schner, ed., The Commander of Auschwitz Testifies: The Writings of Rudolf Ferdinand Höss (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv, 1964), pp. 122-124. Höss goes to special lengths to challenge Langenfeld's qualifications
18. Kalendarium; Wolfgang Benz, ed., Dimension des Völkermords: Die Zahl der Jüdischen Opfer des Nazionalsozialismus (Munich: Oldenbourg, 1991)
19. and Franciszek Piper, Die Zahl der Opfer von Auschwitz (Oswiecim: Verlag Staatliches Museum Oswiecim, 1993)
20. Data on the mortality of Slovakian Jewish women from Margitte Schwalb, a doctor at the Birkenau infirmary. According to the survivors' estimate, in 1943 600 to 650 Slovakian Jewish women were left in Auschwitz and its satellites. The Polish underground says 684 Jewish women from Slovakia were alive in Auschwitz in August 1944. This number seems high; it may include women of Slovakian origin who had been transported to Auschwitz from Hungary in 1944. Cf. Nachman Blumental, Dokumenty i materialy (Lodz: Obozy, 1946), vol. 1, p. 120
21. Concerning transfer from Ravensbrück, see letter of July 1, 1992 from the administration of the Ravensbrück memorial site to the author, and Czech, p. 189. Orli Reichert, a German political prisoner who arrived in the same transport, alleges that there were Polish prisoners among them. Bernd Steger, Günter Thiele, Der dunkle Schatten-Leben mit Auschwitz: Erinnerungen an Orli Reichert-Wald (Marburg: Schuren, 1985), p. 47
22. Svalbova, Vyhasnute očy (Bratislava, 1948), p. 96
23. Yisrael Gutman and Rahel Manbar, Nazi Concentration Camps (Hebrew), (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1984), p. 124
24. See also Lili Kopecky, Im Schatten der Flammen (Düsseldorf, 1992), pp. 23ff. Lili Kopecky was taken to Auschwitz in the transport of July 4, 1942
25. Testimony of Caesar at Auschwitz trial, quoted in Hermann Langbein, Der Auschwitz-Prozess: Eine Dokumentation (Vienna: Europa, 1965), p. 54
26. See Primo Levi, The Drowned and the Saved (Hebrew) (Tel Aviv, 1991), p. 28
27. Cf. Tadeusz Iwaszko, "Haftlingsflüchten aus dem Konzentrationlager Auschwitz," in Hefte von Auschwitz 7 (1964), pp. 3ff
28. Vera Alexander at Eichmann Trial; also Hermann Langbein, Menschen in Auschwitz (Vienna: Europa, 1972), pp. 199ff
29. Concerning Katia Singer, see Yehoshua Büchler, "Men in Auschwitz" (Hebrew), Yalkut Moreshet 30 (1980), p. 174
30. Among the many publications of this kind, see Langbein, Menschen, pp. 199ff
31. and Inka Weissbort, Together and Alone in the Face of Terror (in Hebrew) (Tel Aviv, 1992), p. 174
32. Halina Birnbaum, Life as Hope (in Hebrew), (Tel Aviv: Ghetto Fighters' House, 1982), pp. 111ff and 179