-
1
-
-
63549089348
-
-
Chatterton v. Gerson [1981] 1 All E.R. 257. As long as the former is complied with, any action against a doctor should be in negligence rather than trespass. This point and its implications are considered in the next section.
-
Chatterton v. Gerson [1981] 1 All E.R. 257. As long as the former is complied with, any action against a doctor should be in negligence rather than trespass. This point and its implications are considered in the next section.
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
84924201369
-
-
Whether it is actually so is more open to question. See, for example, Cambridge University Press, for what might be termed a revisionist view
-
Whether it is actually so is more open to question. See, for example, N. Manson and O. O'Neill, Rethinking Informed Consent in Bioethics (Cambridge University Press 2007) for what might be termed a revisionist view,
-
(2007)
Rethinking Informed Consent in Bioethics
-
-
Manson, N.1
O'Neill, O.2
-
3
-
-
84899288919
-
-
Ashgate, who argues convincingly that the form of autonomy assumed by academics to be practised by the courts is different to the reality of judicial decisions, and rest on a misinterpretation of Kant
-
and K. Veitch, The Jurisdiction of Medical Law (Ashgate 2007), who argues convincingly that the form of autonomy assumed by academics to be practised by the courts is different to the reality of judicial decisions, and rest on a misinterpretation of Kant.
-
(2007)
The Jurisdiction of Medical Law
-
-
Veitch, K.1
-
4
-
-
63549124821
-
-
See J.K. Mason and G.T. Laurie, Mason and McCall Smith's Law and Medical Ethics, 7th edn (Oxford University Press 2006) at paras 10.106-10.110.
-
See J.K. Mason and G.T. Laurie, Mason and McCall Smith's Law and Medical Ethics, 7th edn (Oxford University Press 2006) at paras 10.106-10.110.
-
-
-
-
5
-
-
33748472274
-
-
See s.III(B)). In recent years, New Zealand law, which did not overtly espouse the subjective part of the Australian test, has moved towards doing so (see J. Manning, 'Informed Consent to Medical Treatment: The Common Law and New Zealand's Code of Patients' Rights' (2004) 12 Med. L. Rev. 181).
-
See s.III(B)). In recent years, New Zealand law, which did not overtly espouse the subjective part of the Australian test, has moved towards doing so (see J. Manning, 'Informed Consent to Medical Treatment: The Common Law and New Zealand's Code of Patients' Rights' (2004) 12 Med. L. Rev. 181).
-
-
-
-
6
-
-
63549148822
-
-
See Sidaway v. Bethlem Royal Hospital Governors [1985] 1 All E.R. 643, 654, H.L. per Lord Scarman.
-
See Sidaway v. Bethlem Royal Hospital Governors [1985] 1 All E.R. 643, 654, H.L. per Lord Scarman.
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
0006816006
-
Patient Autonomy and Consent to Treatment: The Role of the Law
-
See, for example
-
See, for example, M. Brazier, 'Patient Autonomy and Consent to Treatment: The Role of the Law' (1987) 7 Legal Studies 149
-
(1987)
Legal Studies
, vol.7
, pp. 149
-
-
Brazier, M.1
-
8
-
-
63549090209
-
-
M. Jones, 'Informed Consent and Other Fairy Stories' (1999) 7 Med. L. Rev. 135
-
M. Jones, 'Informed Consent and Other Fairy Stories' (1999) 7 Med. L. Rev. 135
-
-
-
-
9
-
-
63549094512
-
The Patient on the Clapham Omnibus
-
I. Kennedy ed, Oxford University Press
-
I. Kennedy, 'The Patient on the Clapham Omnibus' in I. Kennedy (ed.), Treat Me Right: Essays on Medical Law and Ethics (Oxford University Press, 1991)
-
(1991)
Treat Me Right: Essays on Medical Law and Ethics
-
-
Kennedy, I.1
-
10
-
-
63549096592
-
-
M. Brazier and J. Miola, 'Bye-Bye Bolam: A Medical Litigation Revolution?' (2000) 8 Med. L. Rev. 85.
-
M. Brazier and J. Miola, 'Bye-Bye Bolam: A Medical Litigation Revolution?' (2000) 8 Med. L. Rev. 85.
-
-
-
-
12
-
-
0033151073
-
-
P.D.G. Skegg, 'English Medical Law and 'Informed Consent': An Antipodean Assessment and Alternative' (1999) 7 Med. L. Rev. 135.
-
P.D.G. Skegg, 'English Medical Law and 'Informed Consent': An Antipodean Assessment and Alternative' (1999) 7 Med. L. Rev. 135.
-
-
-
-
13
-
-
63549135107
-
-
See also I. Kennedy and A. Grubb, Medical Law, 3rd edn (Butterworths, 2000), who argue that the prudent patient test's failure to have 'endeared itself to the English courts' was a result of the latter's 'obvious deference to the medical profession' (at 695)
-
See also I. Kennedy and A. Grubb, Medical Law, 3rd edn (Butterworths, 2000), who argue that the prudent patient test's failure to have 'endeared itself to the English courts' was a result of the latter's 'obvious deference to the medical profession' (at 695)
-
-
-
-
14
-
-
0027621515
-
-
and D. Chalmers and R. Schwartz, 'Rogers v. Whitaker and Informed Consent in Australia: A Fair Dinkum Duty of Disclosure' (1993) 1 Med. L. Rev. 139, who describe the two approaches as the 'doctor-oriented' British rule and the 'patient-oriented' Australian alternative.
-
and D. Chalmers and R. Schwartz, 'Rogers v. Whitaker and Informed Consent in Australia: A Fair Dinkum Duty of Disclosure' (1993) 1 Med. L. Rev. 139, who describe the two approaches as the 'doctor-oriented' British rule and the 'patient-oriented' Australian alternative.
-
-
-
-
15
-
-
63549105657
-
-
Op. cit. n. 1.
-
Op. cit. n. 1.
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
0019395975
-
Informed Consent to Medical Treatment
-
See
-
See G. Robertson, 'Informed Consent to Medical Treatment' (1981) 97 Law Quarterly Review 102
-
(1981)
Law Quarterly Review
, vol.97
, pp. 102
-
-
Robertson, G.1
-
19
-
-
84985406761
-
Failure of Medical Advice: Trespass or Negligence
-
T.K. Feng, 'Failure of Medical Advice: Trespass or Negligence' (1987) 7 Legal Studies 149
-
(1987)
Legal Studies
, vol.7
, pp. 149
-
-
Feng, T.K.1
-
20
-
-
84900068094
-
The Role of the Tort of Battery in Medical Law
-
G. Seabourne, 'The Role of the Tort of Battery in Medical Law' (1995) 24 Anglo-American Law Review 265
-
(1995)
Anglo-American Law Review
, vol.24
, pp. 265
-
-
Seabourne, G.1
-
21
-
-
0003097615
-
Privileging the Medical Norm: Liberalism, Self-Determination and Refusal of Treatment
-
and J. Harrington, 'Privileging the Medical Norm: Liberalism, Self-Determination and Refusal of Treatment' (1996) 16 Legal Studies 348.
-
(1996)
Legal Studies
, vol.16
, pp. 348
-
-
Harrington, J.1
-
22
-
-
63549133347
-
-
Bolam v. Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 1 W.L.R. 582.
-
Bolam v. Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 1 W.L.R. 582.
-
-
-
-
23
-
-
63549092408
-
-
See, for example, Brazier and Miola, op. cit. n. 6
-
See, for example, Brazier and Miola, op. cit. n. 6
-
-
-
-
24
-
-
0344581989
-
-
Lord Woolf, 'Are the Courts Excessively Deferential to the Medical Profession?' (2001) 9 Med. L. Rev. 1
-
Lord Woolf, 'Are the Courts Excessively Deferential to the Medical Profession?' (2001) 9 Med. L. Rev. 1
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
63549142626
-
-
H. Teff, 'The Standard of Care in Medical Negligence - Moving on from Bolam' (1998) 18 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 473
-
H. Teff, 'The Standard of Care in Medical Negligence - Moving on from Bolam' (1998) 18 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 473
-
-
-
-
26
-
-
84928308197
-
Common Practice and the Standard of Care in Medical Negligence
-
K. Norrie, 'Common Practice and the Standard of Care in Medical Negligence' (1985) 97 Juridical Review 145
-
(1985)
Juridical Review
, vol.97
, pp. 145
-
-
Norrie, K.1
-
27
-
-
4143125124
-
The Bolam Test and the Responsible Expert
-
226
-
and M. Jones, 'The Bolam Test and the Responsible Expert' (1999) 7 Tort Law Review 226.
-
(1999)
Tort Law Review
, vol.7
-
-
Jones, M.1
-
28
-
-
63549129938
-
-
Bolam, op. cit. n. 12, at 586. Emphasis added.
-
Bolam, op. cit. n. 12, at 586. Emphasis added.
-
-
-
-
29
-
-
63549149967
-
-
See, in particular, Whitehouse v. Jordan [1981] 1 All E.R. 267, H.L.
-
See, in particular, Whitehouse v. Jordan [1981] 1 All E.R. 267, H.L.
-
-
-
-
30
-
-
63549116186
-
-
and Maynard v. West Midlands Regional Health Authority [1985] 1 All E.R. 635 H.L.
-
and Maynard v. West Midlands Regional Health Authority [1985] 1 All E.R. 635 H.L.
-
-
-
-
32
-
-
63549083529
-
-
Brazier and Miola, op. cit. n.6 at 88.
-
Brazier and Miola, op. cit. n.6 at 88.
-
-
-
-
33
-
-
63549094708
-
-
See also, for example, J. Montgomery, Health Care Law, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press 2003), who notes that the law relating to medical negligence 'seems to be rather more favourable to the doctors' than the way in which the courts treat other professions (at 170).
-
See also, for example, J. Montgomery, Health Care Law, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press 2003), who notes that the law relating to medical negligence 'seems to be rather more favourable to the doctors' than the way in which the courts treat other professions (at 170).
-
-
-
-
34
-
-
63549122747
-
-
Sidaway, op. cit. n. 5.
-
Sidaway, op. cit. n. 5.
-
-
-
-
36
-
-
63549124109
-
-
Kennedy describes this situation as 'less than ideal' (I. Kennedy, 'Consent: The Capable Person' in C. Dyer (ed.), Doctors, Patients and the Law (Blackwell 1992) at 65)
-
Kennedy describes this situation as 'less than ideal' (I. Kennedy, 'Consent: The Capable Person' in C. Dyer (ed.), Doctors, Patients and the Law (Blackwell 1992) at 65)
-
-
-
-
37
-
-
63549133703
-
-
Montgomery notes that 'the outcome of the case was not matched by agreement on the legal tests to be applied' (J. Montgomery, Health Care Law, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press 2002) at 243
-
Montgomery notes that 'the outcome of the case was not matched by agreement on the legal tests to be applied' (J. Montgomery, Health Care Law, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press 2002) at 243
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
63549101358
-
-
McHale and Fox state that the diversity of the speeches means that 'to provide a coherent statement of the law is... difficult' (J. McHale and M. Fox, Health Care Law: Text and Materials, 2nd edn (Sweet and Maxwell 2006) at 372)
-
McHale and Fox state that the diversity of the speeches means that 'to provide a coherent statement of the law is... difficult' (J. McHale and M. Fox, Health Care Law: Text and Materials, 2nd edn (Sweet and Maxwell 2006) at 372)
-
-
-
-
39
-
-
63549120005
-
-
and Jackson refers to the case as 'by no means clear' (Jackson, op. cit. n. 6, at 269)
-
and Jackson refers to the case as 'by no means clear' (Jackson, op. cit. n. 6, at 269)
-
-
-
-
40
-
-
63549088340
-
-
Kennedy called Lord Diplock's approach 'conservative', Lord Bridge and Templeman's 'the middle way', and Lord Scarman's judgment a 'radical shift' in the law I. Kennedy, 'Consent: The Capable Person', op. cit. n. 20, at 65.
-
Kennedy called Lord Diplock's approach 'conservative', Lord Bridge and Templeman's 'the middle way', and Lord Scarman's judgment a 'radical shift' in the law (I. Kennedy, 'Consent: The Capable Person', op. cit. n. 20, at 65.
-
-
-
-
48
-
-
63549121499
-
-
Ibid., at 787, in Sidaway, op. cit. n. 5, at 653. Emphasis added by Lord Scarman in Sidaway.
-
Ibid., at 787, in Sidaway, op. cit. n. 5, at 653. Emphasis added by Lord Scarman in Sidaway.
-
-
-
-
54
-
-
63549110622
-
-
See A. Grubb, 'Commentary' (1999) 7 Med. L. Rev. 58, at 62
-
See A. Grubb, 'Commentary' (1999) 7 Med. L. Rev. 58, at 62
-
-
-
-
55
-
-
63549098090
-
-
Kennedy and Grubb, op. cit. n. 7 at 691
-
Kennedy and Grubb, op. cit. n. 7 at 691
-
-
-
-
56
-
-
63549090565
-
-
D. Meyers, 'Chester v. Afshar: Sayonara, Sub Silentio, Sidaway?' in S.A.M. McLean (ed.), First Do No Harm: Law, Ethics and Healthcare (Ashgate, 2006) at 259.
-
D. Meyers, 'Chester v. Afshar: Sayonara, Sub Silentio, Sidaway?' in S.A.M. McLean (ed.), First Do No Harm: Law, Ethics and Healthcare (Ashgate, 2006) at 259.
-
-
-
-
57
-
-
63549083134
-
-
Blyth v. Bloomsbury Health Authority [1993] 4 Med. L. Rep. 151. Although reported in 1993, the case was actually decided in February 1987.
-
Blyth v. Bloomsbury Health Authority [1993] 4 Med. L. Rep. 151. Although reported in 1993, the case was actually decided in February 1987.
-
-
-
-
58
-
-
63549087870
-
-
Ibid., at 160. Per Neill L.J.
-
Ibid., at 160. Per Neill L.J.
-
-
-
-
59
-
-
63549131006
-
-
See also Kerr L.J. at 157.
-
See also Kerr L.J. at 157.
-
-
-
-
60
-
-
63549086599
-
-
Gold v. Haringey Health Authority [1988] Q.B. 481,491.
-
Gold v. Haringey Health Authority [1988] Q.B. 481,491.
-
-
-
-
62
-
-
63549094511
-
-
I. Kerridge and K. Mitchell, 'Missing the Point: Rogers v. Whitaker and the Ethical Ideal of Informed and Shared Decision-Making' (1994) 1 Journal of Law and Medicine 239 at 239.
-
I. Kerridge and K. Mitchell, 'Missing the Point: Rogers v. Whitaker and the Ethical Ideal of Informed and Shared Decision-Making' (1994) 1 Journal of Law and Medicine 239 at 239.
-
-
-
-
63
-
-
63549106643
-
-
See also N. Olbourne, 'The Influence of Rogers v. Whitaker on the Practice of Cosmetic Plastic Surgery' (1998) 5 Journal of Law and Medicine 334 at 335-341, who states that the evolution from Bolam to Rogers in Australia was influenced by a variety of factors, while arguing that that the latter imposes unreasonably high standards on physicians. From a different perspective, Skene argued that the English courts had taken Bolam 'too far' (L. Skene, Law and Medical Practice: Rights, Duties, Claims and Defences (Butterworths 1998)).
-
See also N. Olbourne, 'The Influence of Rogers v. Whitaker on the Practice of Cosmetic Plastic Surgery' (1998) 5 Journal of Law and Medicine 334 at 335-341, who states that the evolution from Bolam to Rogers in Australia was influenced by a variety of factors, while arguing that that the latter imposes unreasonably high standards on physicians. From a different perspective, Skene argued that the English courts had taken Bolam 'too far' (L. Skene, Law and Medical Practice: Rights, Duties, Claims and Defences (Butterworths 1998)).
-
-
-
-
64
-
-
63549101355
-
-
For an overview, see J. Devereux, Medical Law: Text, Cases and Materials (Cavendish 1997) at 134 (who cites F v. R (1983) 33 S.A.S.R. 189 and Battersby v. Trottman (1985) 37 S.A.S.R. 524 as signifying a general dissatisfaction with Bolam)
-
For an overview, see J. Devereux, Medical Law: Text, Cases and Materials (Cavendish 1997) at 134 (who cites F v. R (1983) 33 S.A.S.R. 189 and Battersby v. Trottman (1985) 37 S.A.S.R. 524 as signifying a general dissatisfaction with Bolam)
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
63549124817
-
Malpractice - Medical Negligence in Australia
-
D.I. Cassidy, 'Malpractice - Medical Negligence in Australia' (1992) 66 Australian Law Journal 67
-
(1992)
Australian Law Journal
, vol.66
, pp. 67
-
-
Cassidy, D.I.1
-
68
-
-
63549121701
-
-
F v. R, op. cit. n. 40
-
F v. R, op. cit. n. 40
-
-
-
-
69
-
-
63549096260
-
-
Rogers v. Whitaker (1992) 175 C.L.R. 479.
-
Rogers v. Whitaker (1992) 175 C.L.R. 479.
-
-
-
-
80
-
-
63549151148
-
-
Ibid. Interestingly, this facet of the doctor's duty is defined as a clinical judgment (and thus governed by Bolam), as is the provision of unsought information about risks, although the answering of questions does not appear to leave the doctor with a 'clinical' or any other sort of judgment to make - it is legally required that the question be answered fully.
-
Ibid. Interestingly, this facet of the doctor's duty is defined as a clinical judgment (and thus governed by Bolam), as is the provision of unsought information about risks, although the answering of questions does not appear to leave the doctor with a 'clinical' or any other sort of judgment to make - it is legally required that the question be answered fully.
-
-
-
-
86
-
-
63549106645
-
-
In support, he provided a quote from Reibl v. Hughes [1980] 2 S.C.R. 280, which states that to 'allow expert evidence to determine what risks are material... is to hand over to the medical profession the entire scope of the duty of disclosure', and that this was unacceptable because the issue was 'the patient's right to know' (ibid., at 193-194).
-
In support, he provided a quote from Reibl v. Hughes [1980] 2 S.C.R. 280, which states that to 'allow expert evidence to determine what risks are material... is to hand over to the medical profession the entire scope of the duty of disclosure', and that this was unacceptable because the issue was 'the patient's right to know' (ibid., at 193-194).
-
-
-
-
89
-
-
63549083863
-
-
He further held that if it were to do so the court would 'abdicate its duty to decide... whether in law a duty existed and had not been discharged' (ibid).
-
He further held that if it were to do so the court would 'abdicate its duty to decide... whether in law a duty existed and had not been discharged' (ibid).
-
-
-
-
91
-
-
63549110278
-
-
See Anderson v. Chasney [1949] 4 D.L.R. 71
-
See Anderson v. Chasney [1949] 4 D.L.R. 71
-
-
-
-
92
-
-
63549143066
-
-
Goode v. Nash (1979) 21 S.A.S.R. 419
-
Goode v. Nash (1979) 21 S.A.S.R. 419
-
-
-
-
93
-
-
63549136981
-
-
Giurelli v. Girgis (1980) 24 S.A.S.R. 264
-
Giurelli v. Girgis (1980) 24 S.A.S.R. 264
-
-
-
-
94
-
-
63549147847
-
-
Albrighton v. Royal Prince Alfred Hospital [1979] 2 N.S.W. L.R. 165 (all Australia)
-
Albrighton v. Royal Prince Alfred Hospital [1979] 2 N.S.W. L.R. 165 (all Australia)
-
-
-
-
96
-
-
63549105266
-
-
Smith v. Auckland Hospital Board [1965] N.Z.L.R. 191 (New Zealand)
-
Smith v. Auckland Hospital Board [1965] N.Z.L.R. 191 (New Zealand)
-
-
-
-
97
-
-
63549124445
-
-
Mahon v. Osbourne [1939] 2 K.B. 14
-
Mahon v. Osbourne [1939] 2 K.B. 14
-
-
-
-
99
-
-
63549109551
-
-
Unreported, Queen's Bench Division, 28 July
-
Wells v. Surrey Area Health Authority, Unreported, Queen's Bench Division, 28 July 1978
-
(1978)
Surrey Area Health Authority
-
-
Wells, V.1
-
101
-
-
63549094174
-
-
and, most surprisingly (albeit absolutely correctly), Bolam itself (op. cit. n. 13)
-
and, most surprisingly (albeit absolutely correctly), Bolam itself (op. cit. n. 13)
-
-
-
-
102
-
-
63549125202
-
-
and the infamous Hatcher v. Black, The Times, 2 July 1954 (England).
-
and the infamous Hatcher v. Black, The Times, 2 July 1954 (England).
-
-
-
-
103
-
-
63549132664
-
-
Rogers, op. cit. n. 52, at 480. Emphasis added.
-
Rogers, op. cit. n. 52, at 480. Emphasis added.
-
-
-
-
104
-
-
63549124818
-
-
For example, the submission also notes that Bolam 'does not abdicate... determination of the standard of care' to the medical profession, and that it is 'ultimately for the court to decide' if medical conduct is reasonable. Furthermore, the court can find negligence in matters involving expertise if 'the practice is obviously wrong' (ibid). How these are consistent with the main submission quoted in the main text is not explained.
-
For example, the submission also notes that Bolam 'does not abdicate... determination of the standard of care' to the medical profession, and that it is 'ultimately for the court to decide' if medical conduct is reasonable. Furthermore, the court can find negligence in matters involving expertise if 'the practice is obviously wrong' (ibid). How these are consistent with the main submission quoted in the main text is not explained.
-
-
-
-
109
-
-
63549112512
-
-
at, Emphasis added
-
Ibid., at 486-487. Emphasis added.
-
Ibid
, pp. 486-487
-
-
-
110
-
-
63549098952
-
-
at
-
Ibid., at 487.
-
-
-
-
111
-
-
63549105656
-
-
The court cited Albrighton v. Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (op. cit., n. 71)
-
The court cited Albrighton v. Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (op. cit., n. 71)
-
-
-
-
112
-
-
63549144827
-
-
and E. v. Australian Red Cross (1991) 27 F.C.R. 310 in support of this proposition.
-
and E. v. Australian Red Cross (1991) 27 F.C.R. 310 in support of this proposition.
-
-
-
-
113
-
-
63549124819
-
-
Rogers, op. cit. n. 41 at 487,
-
Rogers, op. cit. n. 41 at 487,
-
-
-
-
114
-
-
63549084566
-
-
citing F v. R and Battersby v. Trottman (both op. cit. n. 40) as examples.
-
citing F v. R and Battersby v. Trottman (both op. cit. n. 40) as examples.
-
-
-
-
115
-
-
63549122056
-
-
It also quoted with approval King C.J. in F stating that the court must give effect to 'the paramount consideration that a person is entitled to make his own decisions about his life' (ibid).
-
It also quoted with approval King C.J. in F stating that the court must give effect to 'the paramount consideration that a person is entitled to make his own decisions about his life' (ibid).
-
-
-
-
116
-
-
63549111127
-
-
at
-
Ibid., at 488.
-
-
-
-
117
-
-
63549123756
-
-
at
-
Ibid., at 489.
-
-
-
-
118
-
-
63549126489
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
119
-
-
63549124108
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
121
-
-
63549096590
-
-
Rosenberg v. Percival (2001) 205 C.L.R. 434 at 435.
-
Rosenberg v. Percival (2001) 205 C.L.R. 434 at 435.
-
-
-
-
122
-
-
63549146926
-
-
Ibid. Arndt v. Smith [1997] 2 S.C.R. 539.
-
Ibid. Arndt v. Smith [1997] 2 S.C.R. 539.
-
-
-
-
123
-
-
63549099311
-
-
Rogers at 491
-
Rogers at 491.
-
-
-
-
128
-
-
63549132663
-
-
Manning, op. cit. n. 4, at 181. The Code is set out in the Health and Disability Commissioner (Code of Health and Disability Services Consumers' Rights) Regulations 1996, Statutory Regulations 1996, Number 78.
-
Manning, op. cit. n. 4, at 181. The Code is set out in the Health and Disability Commissioner (Code of Health and Disability Services Consumers' Rights) Regulations 1996, Statutory Regulations 1996, Number 78.
-
-
-
-
130
-
-
63549104717
-
-
See Ibid.,
-
See Ibid.,
-
-
-
-
131
-
-
63549095105
-
-
and Skegg, op. cit. n. 7.
-
and Skegg, op. cit. n. 7.
-
-
-
-
132
-
-
63549098951
-
-
The Code in its entirety can be found on the Health and Disability Commissioner's website at http://www.hdc.org.nz. Accessed on 22 August 2007.
-
The Code in its entirety can be found on the Health and Disability Commissioner's website at http://www.hdc.org.nz. Accessed on 22 August 2007.
-
-
-
-
134
-
-
63549140548
-
-
See Clause 4 of the Code and, more generally, R. Paterson and P.D.G. Skegg, 'The Code of Patients' Rights' in P.D.G. Skegg and R. Paterson (eds), Medical Law in New Zealand (Thomson 2006) at 29.
-
See Clause 4 of the Code and, more generally, R. Paterson and P.D.G. Skegg, 'The Code of Patients' Rights' in P.D.G. Skegg and R. Paterson (eds), Medical Law in New Zealand (Thomson 2006) at 29.
-
-
-
-
137
-
-
84979743204
-
The Duty to Inform and Legally Effective Consent
-
See, P.D.G. Skegg and R. Paterson eds, Thomson, at
-
See P.D.G. Skegg, 'The Duty to Inform and Legally Effective Consent' in P.D.G. Skegg and R. Paterson (eds), Medical Law In New Zealand (Thomson 2006) at 212.
-
(2006)
Medical Law In New Zealand
, pp. 212
-
-
Skegg, P.D.G.1
-
138
-
-
63549121497
-
-
Manning, op. cit. n. 4 at 193, citing a paper given by Skegg.
-
Manning, op. cit. n. 4 at 193, citing a paper given by Skegg.
-
-
-
-
141
-
-
63549086223
-
-
See Case 98HDC199009 Obstetrician and Gynaecologist 19.1.01
-
See Case 98HDC199009 Obstetrician and Gynaecologist (19.1.01)
-
-
-
-
142
-
-
63549093801
-
-
and Case 98HDC13693 Neurosurgeon/Hospital and Health Service 6.12.00, Manning at 193 n. 61
-
and Case 98HDC13693 Neurosurgeon/Hospital and Health Service (6.12.00), Manning at 193 n. 61.
-
-
-
-
143
-
-
63549130291
-
-
Manning, op. cit. n. 4 at 215.
-
Manning, op. cit. n. 4 at 215.
-
-
-
-
144
-
-
63549111126
-
-
Skegg, op. cit. n. 7 at 156.
-
Skegg, op. cit. n. 7 at 156.
-
-
-
-
146
-
-
0035428093
-
-
I. Freckleton, 'Rogers v. Whitaker Reconsidered' (2001) 9 Journal of Law and Medicine 5, at 10.
-
I. Freckleton, 'Rogers v. Whitaker Reconsidered' (2001) 9 Journal of Law and Medicine 5, at 10.
-
-
-
-
147
-
-
63549098949
-
-
Indeed, previous cases in lower courts had supported Rogers, whose authority was never in doubt. See, for example, Breen v. Williams (1996) 186 C.L.R. 71, where it was held that Rogers 'took away from the medical profession... the right to determine, in proceedings for negligence... what mounts to acceptable medical standards' (at 114).
-
Indeed, previous cases in lower courts had supported Rogers, whose authority was never in doubt. See, for example, Breen v. Williams (1996) 186 C.L.R. 71, where it was held that Rogers 'took away from the medical profession... the right to determine, in proceedings for negligence... what mounts to acceptable medical standards' (at 114).
-
-
-
-
149
-
-
63549111849
-
-
McAllister v. Lewisham and North Southwark HA [1994] 5 Med. L. Rep.343
-
McAllister v. Lewisham and North Southwark HA [1994] 5 Med. L. Rep.343
-
-
-
-
150
-
-
63549145913
-
-
Smith v. Tunbridge Wells HA [1994] 5 Med. L. Rep. 334
-
Smith v. Tunbridge Wells HA [1994] 5 Med. L. Rep. 334
-
-
-
-
151
-
-
63549123172
-
-
Pearce v. United Bristol Healthcare N.H.S. Trust [1999] P.I.Q.R 53.
-
Pearce v. United Bristol Healthcare N.H.S. Trust [1999] P.I.Q.R 53.
-
-
-
-
152
-
-
63549093111
-
-
McAllister at 351
-
McAllister at 351
-
-
-
-
153
-
-
63549088694
-
-
Smith at 336-337.
-
Smith at 336-337.
-
-
-
-
154
-
-
63549117308
-
-
Indeed, having quoted, Lord Templeman stating that a patient deprived of adequate information may make an 'unbalanced judgment', Morland J. made a point of emphasising the point: 'I interpose to say in this case that that sentence is of importance' (ibid at 337).
-
Indeed, having quoted, Lord Templeman stating that a patient deprived of adequate information may make an 'unbalanced judgment', Morland J. made a point of emphasising the point: 'I interpose to say in this case that that sentence is of importance' (ibid at 337).
-
-
-
-
156
-
-
63549121136
-
-
In the comment at the end of the report, Margaret Puxon QC states that despite rejecting Rogers, the court 'reached the same result by substituting the court's view of what was reasonable for the objective test' (ibid at 342).
-
In the comment at the end of the report, Margaret Puxon QC states that despite rejecting Rogers, the court 'reached the same result by substituting the court's view of what was reasonable for the objective test' (ibid at 342).
-
-
-
-
157
-
-
63549138327
-
-
Pearce at 56
-
Pearce at 56.
-
-
-
-
158
-
-
63549140900
-
-
at
-
Ibid., at 59.
-
-
-
-
159
-
-
20344390534
-
-
See A. Maclean, 'Giving the Reasonable Patient a Voice: Information Disclosure and the Relevance of Empirical Evidence' (2005) 7 Medical Law International 1. See, in particular, pages 7-10.
-
See A. Maclean, 'Giving the Reasonable Patient a Voice: Information Disclosure and the Relevance of Empirical Evidence' (2005) 7 Medical Law International 1. See, in particular, pages 7-10.
-
-
-
-
160
-
-
63549106390
-
-
Pearce at 59
-
Pearce at 59.
-
-
-
-
161
-
-
63549131987
-
-
Wyatt v. Curtis [2003] E.W.C.A. Civ 1779
-
Wyatt v. Curtis [2003] E.W.C.A. Civ 1779
-
-
-
-
162
-
-
63549112896
-
-
Fitzpatrick v. White [2007] I.E.S.C. 51.
-
Fitzpatrick v. White [2007] I.E.S.C. 51.
-
-
-
-
163
-
-
63549107307
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
164
-
-
63549103599
-
-
Olbourne, op. cit. n. 40 at 343.
-
Olbourne, op. cit. n. 40 at 343.
-
-
-
-
165
-
-
63549087263
-
High Court Rules on Informed Consent
-
See also
-
See also R. Milstein, 'High Court Rules on Informed Consent' (1992) 1(4) Australian Health Law Bulletin 37.
-
(1992)
Australian Health Law Bulletin
, vol.37
, Issue.4
, pp. 1
-
-
Milstein, R.1
-
166
-
-
63549130290
-
-
op. cit. n. 40, at 346. He cites a 'personal communication' from the Medical Defence Union Secretariat as authority for this
-
Olbourne, op. cit. n. 40, at 346. He cites a 'personal communication' from the Medical Defence Union Secretariat as authority for this.
-
-
-
Olbourne1
-
168
-
-
63549142287
-
Defensive Doctors Put Fear to Test
-
3 January
-
B. Hickman, 'Defensive Doctors Put Fear to Test', The Australian, 3 January 1998, page 6
-
(1998)
The Australian
, pp. 6
-
-
Hickman, B.1
-
169
-
-
63549149156
-
-
quoted in D. Mendelson, 'The Breach of the Medical Duty to Warn and Causation: Chappel v. Hart and the Necessity to Reconsider some Aspects of Rogers v. Whitaker' (1998) 5 Journal of Law and Medicine 312 at 317.
-
quoted in D. Mendelson, 'The Breach of the Medical Duty to Warn and Causation: Chappel v. Hart and the Necessity to Reconsider some Aspects of Rogers v. Whitaker' (1998) 5 Journal of Law and Medicine 312 at 317.
-
-
-
-
172
-
-
63549118054
-
-
The grounds are summarised by Freckelton, op. cit. n. 97 at 5-6.
-
The grounds are summarised by Freckelton, op. cit. n. 97 at 5-6).
-
-
-
-
173
-
-
0028252630
-
Rethinking Informed Consent
-
See also
-
See also P.M. Schuck, 'Rethinking Informed Consent' (1994) 103 Yale Law Journal 899.
-
(1994)
Yale Law Journal
, vol.103
, pp. 899
-
-
Schuck, P.M.1
-
174
-
-
63549084221
-
-
Freckleton, op. cit. n. 97 at 5.
-
Freckleton, op. cit. n. 97 at 5.
-
-
-
-
175
-
-
63549083527
-
-
See also Kerridge and Mitchell, op. cit. n. 40
-
See also Kerridge and Mitchell, op. cit. n. 40
-
-
-
-
176
-
-
63549088338
-
-
and, in the context of Canadian law, a similar point is identified in Robertson, op. cit. n. 11.
-
and, in the context of Canadian law, a similar point is identified in Robertson, op. cit. n. 11.
-
-
-
-
177
-
-
63549121699
-
-
Freckelton, op. cit. n. 97 at 6.
-
Freckelton, op. cit. n. 97 at 6.
-
-
-
-
178
-
-
63549114128
-
-
See also Schuck, op. cit. n. 117.
-
See also Schuck, op. cit. n. 117.
-
-
-
-
179
-
-
0000437330
-
The Courts Expect the Impossible: Medico-Legal Issues as Perceived by New South Wales Medical Practitioners
-
See
-
See S. Girgis, C. Thomson and J. Ward, "'The Courts Expect the Impossible": Medico-Legal Issues as Perceived by New South Wales Medical Practitioners' (2000) 7 Journal of Law and Medicine 273.
-
(2000)
Journal of Law and Medicine
, vol.7
, pp. 273
-
-
Girgis, S.1
Thomson, C.2
Ward, J.3
-
181
-
-
63549107784
-
-
Donoghue v. Stephenson [1932] A.C. 562 is a landmark case where the House established the 'neighbour principle' in the law of tort. The plaintiff had allegedly found a dead snail in a bottle of ginger beer.
-
Donoghue v. Stephenson [1932] A.C. 562 is a landmark case where the House established the 'neighbour principle' in the law of tort. The plaintiff had allegedly found a dead snail in a bottle of ginger beer.
-
-
-
-
183
-
-
63549140901
-
-
F v. R, op. cit. n. 40 at 194.
-
F v. R, op. cit. n. 40 at 194.
-
-
-
-
185
-
-
63549105653
-
-
Ibid., per Bollen J.
-
Ibid., per Bollen J.
-
-
-
-
186
-
-
63549141266
-
-
Rogers, op. cit., n. 41 at 481.
-
Rogers, op. cit., n. 41 at 481.
-
-
-
-
188
-
-
63549138328
-
-
Reibl v. Hughes, op. cit. n. 57
-
Reibl v. Hughes, op. cit. n. 57
-
-
-
-
189
-
-
63549149965
-
-
quoted in Rogers at 488.
-
quoted in Rogers at 488.
-
-
-
-
192
-
-
63549118771
-
-
Ibid. Emphasis added. He added that '[w]hat is required is reasonable care on the part of the doctor in exercising a judgment as to the real wishes of the patient... If a reasonable exercise of that judgment is against volunteering information he will not be negligent' (at 193. Emphasis added).
-
Ibid. Emphasis added. He added that '[w]hat is required is reasonable care on the part of the doctor in exercising a judgment as to the real wishes of the patient... If a reasonable exercise of that judgment is against volunteering information he will not be negligent' (at 193. Emphasis added).
-
-
-
-
196
-
-
63549146599
-
-
Sidaway, op. cit. n. 5 at 663.
-
Sidaway, op. cit. n. 5 at 663.
-
-
-
-
198
-
-
63549091928
-
-
n. 41, at
-
Rogers, op. cit. n. 41, at 491.
-
-
-
Rogers1
op2
cit3
-
203
-
-
63549116761
-
-
Ibid.
-
-
-
-
204
-
-
63549098434
-
-
Ibid., at paras 2(a) and (b).
-
Ibid., at paras 2(a) and (b).
-
-
-
-
205
-
-
63549107306
-
-
Ibid., at para 7.
-
Ibid., at para 7.
-
-
-
-
206
-
-
63549107646
-
-
Ibid., at para 10.
-
Ibid., at para 10.
-
-
-
-
209
-
-
33750503620
-
The Role of Clinical Guidelines in Medical Negligence Litigation: A Shift from the Bolam
-
Med. L. Rev. 321
-
and A. Samanta, M. Mello, C. Foster, J. Tingle and J. Samanta, 'The Role of Clinical Guidelines in Medical Negligence Litigation: A Shift from the Bolam Standard' (2006) 14 Med. L. Rev. 321.
-
(2006)
Standard
, pp. 14
-
-
Samanta, A.1
Mello, M.2
Foster, C.3
Tingle, J.4
Samanta, J.5
-
213
-
-
33644968490
-
-
See J. Miola, 'Autonomy Rued OK?' (2006) 14 Med. L. Rev. 108.
-
See J. Miola, 'Autonomy Rued OK?' (2006) 14 Med. L. Rev. 108.
-
-
-
-
215
-
-
63549083528
-
-
Maclean, op. cit. n. 149, 326.
-
Maclean, op. cit. n. 149, 326.
-
-
-
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