Minimal Sedation Second Dose Strategy With Intranasal Midazolam in an Outpatient Pediatric Echocardiographic Setting

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 383-387

  Lazol, Judith P ^a   DeGroff, Curt G ^a  

^a CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

Echocardiography; Midazolam; Pediatrics; Sedation

Indexed keywords

MIDAZOLAM;

ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFICACY; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; HUMAN; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PEDIATRICS; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SEDATION; TRANQUILIZING ACTIVITY;

ADMINISTRATION, INTRANASAL; AMBULATORY CARE; ANXIETY; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CONSCIOUS SEDATION; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MALE; MIDAZOLAM; MOVEMENT; PEDIATRICS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 63449095669     PISSN: 08947317     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2009.01.003     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Coté C.J., Wilson S., American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, and Work Group on Sedation. Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients during and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures: an update. Paediatr Anaesth 18 (2008) 9-10
2. American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Sedation by Non-Anesthesiologist. Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology 96 (2002) 1004-1017
3. Gilchrist F., Cairns A.M., and Leitch J.A. The use of intranasal midazolam in the treatment of pediatric dental patients. Anaesthesia 62 (2007) 1262-1265
4. Al-Rakaf H., Bello L.L., Turkustani A., and Adenubi J.O. Intra-nasal midazolam in conscious sedation of young pediatric dental patients. Int J Paediatr Dent 11 (2001) 33-40
5. Yealy D.M., Ellis J.H., Hobbs G.D., and Moscati R.M. Intranasal midazolam as a sedative for children during laceration repair. Am J Emerg Med 10 (1992) 584-587
6. Lloyd C.J., Alredy T., and Lowry J.C. Intranasal midazolam as an alternative to general anesthesia in the management of children with oral and maxillofacial trauma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 38 (2000) 593-595
7. Louon A., and Reddy V.G. Nasal midazolam and ketamine for pediatric sedation during computerised tomography. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 38 (1994) 259-261
8. Hosti M., Sill B.L., Firth S.D., Filloux F.M., Joyce S.M., and Furnvival R.A. Prehospital intranasal midazolam for the treatment of pediatric seizures. Pediatr Emerg Care 23 (2007) 148-153
9. Wolfe T.R., and Macfarlane T.C. Intranasal midazolam therapy for pediatric status epilepticus. Am J Emerg Med 24 (2006) 343-346
10. Lahat E., Goldman M., Barr J., Bistritzer T., and Berkovitch M. Comparison of intranasal midazolam with intravenous diazepam for treating febrile seizures in children: prospective randomised study. Br Med J 321 (2000) 83-86
11. Latson L.A., Cheatham J.P., Gumbiner C.H., Kugler J.D., Danford D.A., Hofschire P.J., et al. Midazolam nose drops for outpatient echocardiography sedation in infants. Am Heart J 121 (1991) 209-210
12. Yildirim S.V., Guc B.U., Bozdogan N., and Tokel K. Oral versus intranasal midazolam premedication for infants during echocardiographic study. Adv Ther 23 (2006) 719-724
13. Chen E., Joseph M.H., and Zeltzer L.K. Behavioral and cognitive interventions in the treatment of pain in children. Pediatr Clin North Am 47 (2000) 513-525
14. Sinha M., Christopher N.C., Fenn R., and Reeves L. Evaluation of non-pharmacologic methods of pain and anxiety management for laceration repair in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatrics 117 (2006) 1162-1168
15. Stevenson J.G., French J.W., Tenckhoff L., Wright S., and Zamberlin K. Video viewing as an alternative to sedation for young subjects who have cardiac ultrasound examinations. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 3 (1990) 488-490
16. Doyle L., and Colletti J.E. Pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia. Pediatr Clin North Am 53 (2006) 279-292
17. Hertzog J., and Havidich J.E. Non-anesthesiologist-provided pediatric procedural sedation: an update. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 20 (2007) 365-372
18. Rodriquez E., and Jordan R. Contemporary trends in pediatric sedation and analgesia. Emerg Med Clin North Am 20 (2002) 199-222
19. Tolia V., Brennan S., Aravind M.K., and Kauffman R.E. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of midazolam in children during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. J Pediatr 119 (1991) 467-471
20. Kupietzky A., Holan G., and Shapira J. Intranasal midazolam better at affecting amnesia after sedation than oral hydroxyzine: a pilot study. Pediatr Dent 18 (1996) 32-34
21. Goldman R.D. Intranasal drug delivery for children with acute illness. Curr Drug Ther 1 (2006) 127-130
22. Rey E., Delaunay L., Pons G., Murat I., Richard M.O., Saint-Maurice C., et al. Pharmacokinetics of midazolam in children: comparative study of intranasal and intravenous administration. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 41 (1991) 355-357
23. Heistein L., Ramaciotti C., Scott W.A., Coursey M., Sheeran P., and Lemler M.S. Chloral hydrate sedation for pediatric echocardiography: physiologic responses, adverse events, and risk factors. Pediatrics 113 (2006) e434-e441
24. Harcke H., Grissom L.E., and Meister M.A. Sedation in pediatric imaging using intranasal midazolam. Pediatr Radiol 25 (1995) 341-343
25. Hollenhorst J., Munte S., Friedrich L., Heine J., Leuwer M., Hartmut B., et al. Using intranasal midazolam spray to prevent claustrophobia induced by MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 176 (2001) 865-868
26. Ljungman G., Kreuger A., Andréasson S., Gordh T., and Sörensen S. Midazolam nasal spray reduces procedural anxiety in children. Pediatrics 105 (2000) 73-78
27. Atlintas O., Karabas V.L., Demirci G., Onur l., and Caglar Y. Evaluation of intranasal midazolam in refraction and fundus examination of young children with strabismus. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 42 (2005) 355-359
28. Uzon S., and Dal D. Unexpected complications of intranasal midazolam premedication. Paediatr Anaesth 17 (2007) 817-818
29. McIlwain M., Primosch R., and Bimstein E. Allergic reaction to intranasal midazolam HCl: a case report. Pediatr Dent 26 (2004) 359-361
30. Knoester P., Jonker D.M., Van Der Hoeven R.T., Vermeij T.A., Edelbroek P.M., Brekelmans G.J., et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam administered as a concentrated intranasal spray. A study in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 53 (2002) 501-507
31. Sayany Z., Nazif M.M., Burckart G.J., McKibben D.H., and Hadeed J.G. Plasma levels of intranasal midazolam at 0.4 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg. Pediatr Dent 18 (1996) 320-321