Delirium in acute stroke: A preliminary study of the role of anticholinergic medications

European Journal of Neurology

Volumn 11, Issue 10, 2004, Pages 699-704

  Caeiro, Lara ^a   Ferro, J M ^a   Claro, M I ^a   Coelho, J ^a   Albuquerque, R ^a   Figueira, M L ^a  

^a HOSPITAL DE SANTA MARIA   (Portugal)

Author keywords

Acute intracerebral haemorrhage; Anticholinergics; Complications; Delirium

Indexed keywords

ACAMPROSATE; ACETAZOLAMIDE; ALIZAPRIDE; AMANTADINE; AMFEBUTAMONE; AMINEPTINE; AMISULPRIDE; AMITRIPTYLINE; ATROPINE; BACLOFEN; BELLADONNA ALKALOID; BENZATROPINE; BENZOCTAMINE; BIPERIDEN; CABERGOLINE; CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE; CHLORPROMAZINE; CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CINNARIZINE; CISAPRIDE; CITALOPRAM; CLEBOPRIDE; CLIDINIUM; CLOMIPRAMINE; CLOZAPINE; CYAMEMAZINE; OXAZEPAM; PERPHENAZINE; SCOPOLAMINE BUTYL BROMIDE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ADULT; AGED; ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECT; ARTICLE; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN INFARCTION; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DELIRIUM; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; GENDER; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; STROKE;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS; DELIRIUM; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 6344291183     PISSN: 13515101     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2004.00897.x     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2002). Delirium, Dementia and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn, Text Reviewed. American Psychiatric Press, Washington DC. pp. 153-180.
2. Bamford JM, Sandercock PAG, Warlow CP, Slattery J (1989). Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke 20:828.
3. Brott T, Adams HP, Olinger CP, et al. (1989). Measurements of acute cerebral infarction: a clinical examination scale. Stroke 20:864-870.
4. Flacker JM, Wei JY (2001). Endogenous anticholinergic substances may exist during acute illness in elderly medical patients. J Gerontol 56:353-355.
5. Francis J (1996). Drug-induced delirium: Diagnosis and treatment. CNS Drugs 5:102-114.
6. Gustafson Y, Olsson T, Eriksson S, Asplund K, Bucht G (1991). Acute confusional states (delirium) in stroke patients. Cerebrovasc Dis 1:257-264.
7. Gustafson Y, Olsson T, Asplund K, Hägg E (1993). Acute confusional state (delirium) soon after stroke is associated with hypercortisolism. Cerebrovasc Dis 3:33-38.
8. Han L, McCusker J, Cole M, Abrahamowicz M, Primeau F, Élie M (2001). Use of medications with anticholinergic effect predicts clinical severity of delirium symptoms in older medical inpatients. Arch Intern Med 161:1099-1105.
9. Hénon H, Lebert F, Durieu I et al. (1999). Confusional state in stroke. Relation to preexisting dementia, patient characteristics, and outcome. Stroke 30:773-779.
10. Inouye S (1999). Predisposing and precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalised older patients. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 10:393-400.
11. Itil T, Fink M (1966). Anticholinergic drug-induced delirium: experimental modification, quantitative EEG and behavioural correlations. J Nerv Ment Dis 143:492-507.
12. Jennett B, Teasdale G (1977). Aspects of coma after severe head injury. Lancet 23:878-881.
13. Karlsson I (1999). Drugs that induce delirium. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 10:412-415.
14. Macdonald AJ, Treloar A (1996). Delirium and dementia: are they distinct? J Am Geriatr Soc 44:1001-1002.
15. Mach JR, Dysken MW, Kuskowski M, Richelson E, Holden L, Jilk KM (1995). Serum anticholinergic activity in hospitalized older persons with delirium: a preliminary study. J Am Geriatr Soc 43:491-495.
16. Martin NJ, Stones MJ, Young JE, Bedard M (2000). Development of delirium: a prospective cohort study in a community hospital. Int Psychogeriatr 12:117-127.
17. Mussi C, Ferrari R, Ascari S, Salvioli G (1999). Importance of serum anticholinergic activity in the assessment of elderly patients with delirium. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 12:82-86.
18. Pinto AN, Melo TP, Lourenço ME et al. (1998). Can a clinical classification of stroke predict complications and treatments during hospitalisation? Cerebrovasc Dis 8:204-209.
19. Rankin J (1957). Cerebral vascular accidents in patients over age 60. Scott Med J 2:200-215.
20. Reyes-Ortiz CA (1997). Delirium, dementia and brain reserve. J Am Geriatr Soc 45:778-779.
21. Schor JD, Levkoff SE, Lipsitz LA et al. (1992). Risk factors for delirium in hospitalised elderly. JAMA 267:827-831.
22. Tatemichi TK, Foulkes MA, Mohr JP et al. (1990). Dementia in stroke survivors in the Stroke Data Bank Cohort. Prevalence, incidence, risk factors and computed tomographic findings. Stroke 21:858-866.
23. Trzepacz PT, Baker RW, Greenhouse J (1988). A symptom rating scale for delirium. Psychiatry Res 23:89-97.
24. Tune LE, Egeli S (1999). Acetylcholine and Delirium. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 10:342-344.