How the West has won: Regional and industrial inversion in U.S. patent activity

Economic Geography

Volumn 80, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 241-260

  Johnson, Daniel K N ^a   Brown, Amy ^b  

^a University of Colorado College of Nursing   (United States)

^b WELLESLEY COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Clustering; Constant market share analysis; Geography; Invention; Regional inversion

Indexed keywords

INNOVATION; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS; MARKET CONDITIONS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY;

NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 6344253038     PISSN: 00130095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1944-8287.2004.tb00234.x     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Acs, Z. J.; Anselin, L., and Varga, A. 2002. Patents and innovation counts as measures of regional production of new knowledge. Research Policy 31:1069-85.
2. Arcelus, F. J. 1984. An extension of shift-share analysis. Growth and Change 15:3-8.
3. Audretsch, D. B., and Feldman, M. P. 1995. Innovative clusters and the industry life cycle. Working paper 1161. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research.
4. Audretsch, D. B., and Feldman, M. P. 1996. R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production. American Economic Review 86:630-40.
5. Balassa, B. 1979. Export composition and export performance in the industrial countries, 1953-71. Review of Economics and Statistics 61:604-7.
6. Bania, N.; Calkins, L. N.; and Dalenberg, D. R. 1992. The effects of regional science and technology policy on the geographic distribution of industrial R&D laboratories. Journal of Regional Science 32:209-28.
7. Bernard, A., and Busse, M. R. Forthcoming. Who wins the Olympic games: Economic development and medal totals. Review of Economics and Statistics.
8. Berzeg, K. 1978. The empirical content of shift-share analysis. Journal of Regional Science 18:463-69.
9. Berzeg, K. 1984. A note on statistical approaches to shift-share analysis. Journal of Regional Science 24:277-85.
10. Boltho, A. 1996. Was Japanese growth export-led? Oxford Economic Papers 48:415-32.
11. Bureau of the Census. 1961-1966. Statistical abstract of the United States: 1961-66 (82nd-87th eds.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
12. Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2003. Regional economic accounts. Available online: http://www.bea.gov/bea/regional/data.htm
13. Cheung, E. 1995. Baby-boomers, Generation-X and social cycles. Toronto: Longwave Press.
14. Co, C. 2002. Evolution of the geography of innovation: Evidence from patent data. Growth and Change 33:393-423.
15. Davelaar, E. J., and Nijkamp, P. 1989. The role of the metropolitan milieu as an incubation centre for technological innovations: A Dutch case study. Urban Studies 26:517-26.
16. Davelaar, E. J., and Nijkamp, P. 1997. Spatial dispersion of technological innovation: A review. In Innovative behaviour in space and time, ed. C. S. Bertuglia, S. Lombardo, and P. Nijkamp, Chap. 2, 17-40. New York: Springer-Verlag.
17. Dumais, G.; Ellison, G.; and Glaeser, E. L. 2002. Geographic concentration as a dynamic process. Review of Economics and Statistics 84:193-204.
18. Evenson, R. E. 1993. Patents, R&D, and invention potential: International evidence. American Economic Review 83:463-68.
19. Feldman, M. P., and Florida, R. 1994. The geographic sources of innovation: Technological infrastructure and product innovation in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 84:210-29.
20. Felsenstein, D., and Shachar, A. 1988. Location and organizational determinants of R&D employment in high technology firms. Regional Studies 22:477-86.
21. Furman, J. L.; Porter, M. E.; and Stern, S. 2002. The determinants of national innovative capacity. Research Policy 31:899-934.
22. Gilder, G. 2000. Telecosm. New York: Simon and Schuster.
23. Greene, W. H. 1993. Econometric analysis. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
24. Griffith, D. A. 1996. Some guidelines for specifying the geography weights matrix contained in spatial statistical models. In Practical Handbook of Spatial Statistics, ed. S. L. Arlinghaus, 65-82. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press.
25. Griliches, Z. 1990. Patent statistics as economics indicators: A survey. Journal of Economic Literature 28:1661-707.
26. Griliches, Z. 2001. Estimating the returns to schooling: Some econometric problems. Elgar Reference Collection. International Library of Critical Writings in Economics, Vol. 124. Northampton, Mass.: Elgar Press.
27. Hall, B., and Van Reenen, J. 2000. How effective are fiscal incentives for R&D? A review of the evidence. Research Policy 29:449-69.
28. Hammond Citation World Atlas. 1991. Maplewood, N.J.: Hammond.
29. Harrison, B.; Kelley, M. R.; and Gant, J. 1996. Innovative firm behavior and local milieu: Exploring the intersection of agglomeration, firm effects and technological change. Economic Geography 72:233-58.
30. Hartog, J.; Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A.; and Jonker, N. 2002. Linking measured risk aversion to individual characteristics. Kyklos 55(1):3-26.
31. Howells, J. R. L. 1984. The location of research and development: Some observations and evidence from Britain. Regional Studies 18:13-29.
32. Jaffe A. B.; Trajtenberg, M.; and Henderson, R. 1993. Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations. Quarterly Journal of Economics 108:577-98.
33. Johnson, D. K. N. 1999. 150 years of American invention: Methodology and a first geographical application. Working Paper 99-01. Wellesley, Mass.: Wellesley College, Department of Economics.
34. Johnson, D. K. N. 2002a. The OECD technology concordance (OTC): Patents by industry of manufacture and sector of use. Working Paper 2002/5. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry.
35. Johnson, D. K. N. 2002b. Learning-by-licensing: R&D and technology licensing in Brazilian invention. Economics of Innovation and New Technology 11:163-77.
36. Johnson, D. K. N., and Ali, A. Forthcoming. A tale of two seasons: Participation and success at the summer and winter Olympic games. Social Science Quarterly.
37. Johnson, D. K. N., and Evenson, R. E. 1997. Innovation and invention in Canada. Economic Systems Research 9:177-92.
38. Johnson, D. K. N., and Evenson, R. E. 2000. How far away is Africa? Technological spillovers to agriculture and productivity. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 82:743-49.
39. Johnson, D. K. N.; Siripong, N.; and Brown, A. 2002. The demise of distance? The declining role of physical distance in knowledge transmission. Working Paper 2002-06. Wellesley, Mass.: Wellesley College, Department of Economics.
40. Keller, W. 2001. International technology diffusion. Working Paper 8573. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research.
41. Kleinknecht, A., and Poot, T. P. 1992. Do regions matter for R&D? Regional Studies 26:221-32.
42. Knudsen, D. C., and Barff, R. 1991. Shift-share analysis as a linear model. Environment and Planning A 23:421-31.
43. Kortum, S., and Putnam, J. 1997. Assigning patents to industries: Tests of the Yale Technology Concordance. Economic Systems Research 9:161-75.
44. Laband, D. N., and Lentz, B. F. 2003. New estimates of economies of scale and scope in higher education. Southern Economic Journal 70:172-83.
45. Laursen, K. 2000. Trade specialisation, technology and economic growth: Theory and evidence from advanced countries. Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar.
46. Leamer, E. E., and Stern, R. M. 1970. Quantitative international economics, Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
47. Levin, S. G., and Stephan, P. E. 1991. Research productivity over the life cycle: Evidence for academic scientists. American Economic Review 81:114-32.
48. Llobrera, J. T.; Meyer, D. R.; and Nammacher, G. 2000. Trajectories of industrial districts: Impact of strategic intervention in medical districts. Economic Geography 76:68-98.
49. Malecki, E. J. 1979. Locational trends in R&D by large U.S. corporations, 1965-1977. Economic Geography 55:309-23.
50. Mowery, D. C., and Ziedonis, A. A. 2001. Numbers, quality, and entry: How has the Bayh-Dole Act affected U.S. university patenting and licensing? Innovation Policy and the Economy 1:187-220.
51. National Science Foundation. 2002. WebCASPAR database system. Available online: http://caspar.nsf.gov
52. Oakey, R. P.; Thwaites, A. T.; and Nash, P. A. 1980. The regional distribution of innovative manufacturing establishments in Britain. Regional Studies 14:235-53.
53. Payne, A. A., and Slow, A. 2003. Does federal research funding increase university research output? Advances in Economic Analysis and Policy 3(1):1-21.
54. Pyka, A., and Kuppers, G., eds. 2002. New horizons in the economics of innovation. Northampton, Mass.: Elgar Press.
55. Rantisi, N. M. 2002. The competitive foundations of localized learning and innovation: The case of women's garment production in New York City. Economic Geography 78:441-62.
56. Renton, D. A., and Duffy, M. 1970. A model for forecasting U.K. exports to primary producers. Oxford Economic Papers 22(3):383-405.
57. Rodríguez-Pose, A. 1994. Socioeconomic restructuring and regional change: Rethinking growth in the European community. Economic Geography 70:325-43.
58. Sokoloff, K. L. 1988. Inventive activity in early industrial America: Evidence from patent records, 1790-1846. Journal of Economic History 48:813-50.
59. Sternberg, R., and Arndt, O. 2001. The firm or the region: What determines the innovation behavior of European firms? Economic Geography 77:364-82.
60. Suarez-Villa, L. 1993. The dynamics of regional invention and innovation: Innovative capacity and regional change in the twentieth century. Geographical Analysis 25:147-64.
61. Suarez-Villa, L., and Walrod, W. 1997. Operational strategy, R&D and intrametropolitan clustering in a polycentric structure: The advanced electronics industries of the Los Angeles basin. Urban Studies 34:1343-80.
62. Sullivan, R. J. 1989. England's "Age of Invention": The acceleration of patents and patentable invention during the Industrial Revolution. Explorations in Economic History 26:424-52.
63. Sullivan, R. J. 1990. The revolution of ideas: Widespread patenting and invention during the English industrial revolution. Journal of Economic History 50:349-62.
64. Swann, G. M. P.; Prevezer, M.; and Stout, D., eds. 1998. The dynamics of industrial clustering: International comparisons in computing and biotechnology. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press.
65. Theil, H., and Gosh, R. 1980. A comparison of shift-share and the RAS adjustment. Regional Science and Urban Economics 10:175-80.
66. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 1997. Patent counts by country/state and year. Washington, D.C.: Technology Assessment and Forecast Program, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
67. Von Wachter, T. 2001. Employment and productivity growth in service and manufacturing sectors in France, Germany and the U.S. Working Paper Series 50, March. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: European Central Bank.