Outcomes and costs of risperidone versus olanzapine in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders: A Markov model

Value in Health

Volumn 7, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 569-584

  Vera Llonch, Montserrat ^a   Delea, Thomas E ^a   Richardson, Erin ^a   Rupnow, Marcia ^b   Grogg, Amy ^b   Oster, Gerry ^a  

^a POLICY ANALYSIS INC PAI   (United States)

^b JANSSEN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

Author keywords

Atypical antipsychotics; Costs; Modeling; Outcomes; Side effects

Indexed keywords

OLANZAPINE; RISPERIDONE;

AMENORRHEA; ANORGASMIA; ARTICLE; BODY WEIGHT DISORDER; BREAST DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG COST; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; DYSKINESIA; DYSTONIA; EJACULATION DISORDER; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOM; HEALTH CARE COST; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; HYPERKINESIA; IMPOTENCE; INCIDENCE; LIBIDO DISORDER; MENSTRUATION DISORDER; MORTALITY; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELAPSE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; STATISTICAL MODEL; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TREMOR; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 6344240851     PISSN: 10983015     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4733.2004.75008.x     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Casey DE. Side effects of new antipsychotic agents. J Clin Psychiatry 1996;57(Suppl):S40-5.
2. Gerlach J. The continuing problem of extrapyramidal symptoms: strategies for avoidance and effective treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60(Suppl):S20-3.
3. De Quardo JR, Tandon R. Do atypical antipsychotic medications favorably alter the long-term course of schizophrenia? J Psychiatr Res 1998;32:229-42.
4. Kane J. Treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987;13:133-56.
5. Foster RH, Goa KL. Risperidone: a pharmacoeconomic review of its use in schizophrenia. Pharmacoeconomics 1998;14:97-133.
6. Conley RR, Mahmoud R. A randomized double-blind study of risperidone and olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2001;158:765-74.
7. Dickson RA, Dalby JT, Williams R, et al. Risperidone-induced prolactin elevations in premenopausal women with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1102-3.
8. Tollin SR. Use of the dopamine agonist bromocriptine and cabergoline in the management of risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia in patients with psychotic disorders. J Endocrinol Invest 2000;23:765-70.
9. Kleinberg DL, Davis JM, de Coster R, et al. Prolactin levels and adverse events in patients treated with risperidone. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;19:57-61.
10. Kinon B, Gilmore JA, Liu H, et al. Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in schizophrenic patients treated with conventional antipsychotic medications or risperidone. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003;28:55-68.
11. Molitch ME. Antipsychotic drug-induced hyperprolactinemia: clinical implications. Endocr Pract 2000;6:479-80.
12. Conley RR. Risperidone side effects. J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61(Suppl):S20-3.
13. Ganguli R. Weight gain associated with antipsychotic drugs. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60(Suppl):S16-19.
14. Baptista T. Body weight induced by antipsychotic drugs: mechanisms and management. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999;100:525-8.
15. Allison DB, Mentore JL, Mooseong H, et al. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:1686-96.
16. Allison DB, Casey DE. Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a review of the literature. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62(Suppl):S22-31.
17. Gupta S, Droney T, Al-Samarrai S, et al. Olanzapine-induced weight gain. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1998;10:39.
18. Beasley CM. Safety of olanzapine. J Clin Psychiatry Monogr 1997;15:19-21.
19. Weiterung T. Bodyweight gain with atypical antipsychotics. Drug Saf 2001;24:59-73.
20. Ganguli R, Brar JS, Ayerton Z. Weight gain over 4 months in schizophrenia patients: a comparison of olanzapine and risperidone. Schizophr Res 2001;49:261-7.
21. Kinon BJ, Basson BR, Gilmore JA, et al. Long-term olanzapine treatment: weight change and weight-related health factors in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:92-100.
22. Casey DE, Zorn SH. The pharmacology of weight gain with antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62(Suppl):S4-10.
23. Kurzthaler I, Fleischhacker WW. The clinical implications of weight gain in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62(Suppl):S32-7.
24. Blin O, Micallef J. Antipsychotic-associated weight gain and clinical outcome parameters. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62(Suppl):S11-21.
25. Tunnainen A, Wahlbeck K, Gilbody SM. Newer atypical antipsychotic medication versus clozapine for schizophrenia. (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2003. Oxford: Update Software.
26. Sachs GS, Guille C. Weight gain associated with use of psychotropic medications. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60(Suppl):S16-19.
27. Pijl H, Meinders AE. Bodyweight change as an adverse effect of drug treatment. Drug Saf 1996;14:329-42.
28. Jones B, Basson BR, Walker DJ, et al. Weight change and atypical antipsychotic treatment in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62(Suppl):S41-4.
29. Russell JM, Mackell JA. Bodyweight gain associated with atypical antipsychotics. CNS Drugs 2001;15:537-51.
30. Osser DN, Najarian DM, Dufresne RL. Olanzapine increases weight and serum triglyceride levels. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60:767-70.
31. Roger SM, McCann SM, Kennedy SH. Antipsychotic metabolic effects: diabetes mellitus, and lipid abnormalities. Can J Psychiatry 2001;46:273-80.
32. Beasley CM, Tollefson GD, Tran P, et al. Olanzapine versus placebo and haloperidol: acute phase results of the North American double-blind olanzapine trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 1996;14:111-23.
33. Beasley CM, Hamilton SH, Crawford AM, et al. Olanzapine versus haloperidol: acute-phase results of the international double-blind olanzapine trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1997;7:125-37.
34. Nemeroff CB. Dosing the antipsychotic medication olanzapine. J Clin Psychiatry 1997;58(Suppl):S45-9.
35. American Diabetes Association, American Psychiatric Association; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; North American Association for the Study of Obesity. Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:596-601.
36. Pi-Sunyer FX. Medical hazards of obesity. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:655-60.
37. Wolf AM, Colditz GA. Current estimates of the economic costs of obesity in the United States. Obes Res 1998;6:97-106.
38. Goldstein LE, Sporn J, Brown S, et al. New-onset diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis associated with olanzapine treatment. Psychosomatics 1999;40:438-43.
39. Hagg S, Joelsson L, Mjorndal T, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in patients treated with clozapine compared with patients treated with conventional depot neuroleptic medications. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59:294-9.
40. Lindenmayer JP, Patel R. Olanzapine-induced ketoacidosis with diabetes mellitus. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:9.
41. Ober S, Hudak R, Rusterholtz A. Hyperglycemia and olanzapine. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:6.
42. Caro J, Ward A, Levinton C, et al. Atypical Anti-Psychotics and the Risk of Developing Diabetes Mellitus. American College of Neuropsychopharmacology Meeting; San Juan, Puerto Rico, December 11-15, 2000 [abstract].
43. Cohn T, Remington G, Leiter L, et al. Antipsychotic Medication and Insulin Resistance 2001. Annual Meeting, American. Psychiatric Association. New Orleans, LA, May 5-10, 2001 [abstract].
44. Allison DD, Cavazzoni P, Beasley C, et al. Random Glucose Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Agents: An Analysis of Data from Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trials. Annual Meeting of the Society for Biological Psychiatry, New Orleans, LA, May 2001 [abstract].
45. Meyer JM. Metabolic outcomes after one year: a retrospective comparison of weight, lipid and glucose changes between risperidone- and olanzapine-treated inpatients. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63:425-33.
46. Beasley CM, Kwong J, Taylor C, et al. Incidence and Rate of Treatment-Emergent Potential Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and Potential Diabetes with Olanzapine Compared to Other Antipsychotic Agents and Placebo. Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, December 2000, San Juan, Puerto Rico [abstract].
47. Fryburg DA, O'Sullivan RL, Siu C, et al. Insulin Resistance in Olanzapine- and Ziprasidone-Treated Patients: Interim Results of a Double-Blind Controlled Six-Week Trial. Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, December 2000, San Juan, Puerto Rico [abstract].
48. Casey DE. Prevalence of Diabetes during Extended Clozapine and Olanzapine Treatment. Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 2000 [abstract].
49. Mokdad AH, Bowman BA, Ford ES, et al. The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States. JAMA 2001;286:1195-200.
50. Dixon L, Weiden P, Delahanty J, et al. Prevalence and correlates of diabetes in national schizophrenia samples. Schizophr Bull 2000;26:903-12.
51. Cavazzoni P, Hornbuckle K, Carlson C, et al. Diabetes Mellitus and Antipsychotic Treatment in the United Kingdom. American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 40th Annual Meeting. December 9-13, 2001 [abstract].
52. Koro CE, Fedder DO, L'Italien G, et al. Assessment of independent effect of olanzapine and risperidone on risk of diabetes among patients with schizophrenia: population based nested case-control. BMJ 2002;325:1-5.
53. Li H, Safferman A, Hines P, et al. Economic Impact of Antipsychotic-Associated Diabetes among MEDICAID Patients APA-IPS 2002 [poster presentation].
54. L'Italien G, Stuump TE, Farwell WR, et al. The Effects of Olanzapine and Risperidone Use on New-Onset Diabetes and Weight Gain among Schizophrenic Patients. CINP 2002, Montreal, Canada [abstract].
55. Caro JJ, Ward A, Levinton C, et al. The risk of diabetes during olanzapine use compared with risperidone use: a retrospective database analysis. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63:1135-9.
56. Lee DW, Fowler RB, Kadlubek P, et al. No significant difference in diabetes risk during treatment with typical versus atypical antipsychotics: Results from a large observational study. Behav Health Trends 2002;44:46-52.
57. Ollendorf D, Rucker M, Joyce A, et al. Use of Conventional Versus Atypical Antipsychotics and Risk of Diabetes in Patients with Schizophrenia. Institute of Psychiatric Services,. October 2002, Chicago [abstract].
58. Gianfrancesco FD, Grogg AL, Mahmoud RA, et al. Risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine, and conventional antipsychotics on type 2 diabetes: findings from a large health plan database. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63:920-3.
59. Food and Drug Administration. Available from: http:///http://www.fda.gov/ cder/foi/label/2004/ 20592se1-019_zyprexa_lnl.pdf. [Last accessed Jan 2004].
60. Food and Drug Administration. Available from: http://www.fda/gov/ medwatch/safety/2003/ risperdal_PI.pdf. [Last accessed Jan 2004].
61. Sonnenberg FA, Beck JR. Markov models in medical decision making: a practical guide. Med Decis Making 1993;13:322-58.
62. Bhana N, Foster RH, Olney R, et al. Olanzapine: an updated review of its use in the management of schizophrenia. Drugs 2001;61:111-61.
63. Tran PV, Hamilton SH, Kuntz AJ, et al. Double-blind comparison of olanzapine versus risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997;17:407-18.
64. Perro C, Lambert M, Mortiz S, et al. A comparison of clinical outcome of four atypical neuroleptics in the treatment of schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 1999;32:201 [abstract].
65. Kolff M, Coenen A, van Dis H, et al. Differential effects of antipsychotic drugs on clinical symptoms and cognitive functions in the treatment of schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2000;10(Suppl):S59.
66. Snaterse M, Welch R. A retrospective, naturalistic review comparing clinical outcomes of in-hospital treatment with risperidone and olanzapine. Clin Drug Invest 2000;20:159-64.
67. Cantrell CK, Cole ES. New Neuroleptics: an Eight-Year Naturalistic Study. New Research American Psychiatric Association 2000 Annual Meeting, May 13-18; Chicago, IL:252 [abstract].
68. Sauriol L, Suissa S, Laporta M, et al. Direct and indirect treatment comparisons of second-generation antipsychotic drugs. Value Health 1999;2:384 [abstract].
69. Loonen AJM, Loos JCM, Van Zonneveld TH. Comparisons of Costs and Effects of Risperidone Treatment versus Olanzapine Treatment in Daily Practice. New Research American Psychiatric Association 2000 Annual Meeting; 2000 May 13-18, Chicago, IL: 250-1.
70. Data on File: RIS-USA-112. Janssen Pharmaceutica Products, L.P., Titusville, NJ. May 2000.
71. Csernansky JG, Mahmoud R, Brenner R for the Risperidone-USA-79 Study Group. A comparison of risperdal and haloperidol for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2002;346:16-22.
72. Halpern E, Weinstein M, Hunink M, et al. Representing first- and second-order uncertainties by Monte Carlo simulation for groups of patients. Med Decis Making 2000;20:314-22.
73. Craig B, Black M, Sendi P. Uncertainty in decision models analyzing cost-effectiveness. Med Decis Making 2000;Letter 20:134-672.
74. Guthrie S. Clinical issues associated with maintenance treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2002;59(Suppl):S19-24.
75. Lindstrom E, Eriksson B, Hellgren A, et al. Efficacy and safety of risperidone in the long-term treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Clin Ther 1995;17:402-12.
76. Moller HJ, Gaggiano CA, Addington DE, et al. Long-term treatment of chronic schizophrenia with risperidone: an open-label, multicenter study of 386 patients. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1998;13:99-106.
77. Data on File: RIS-USA-79. Janssen Pharmaceutica Products, L.P., Titusville, NJ. February 2000.
78. Henderson DC, Cagliero E, Gray C, et al. Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: a five-year naturalistic study. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:975-81.
79. Green B. Focus on olanzapine. Curr Med Res Opin 1999;15:79-85.
80. Umbricht DS, Pollack S, Kane J. Clozapine and weight gain. J Clin Psychiatry 1994;55(Suppl):S157-60.
81. Tollefson GD, Beasley CM, Tran PV. Olanzapine versus haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective and schizophreniform disorders: results of an international collaborative trial. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:689-90.
82. Wetterling T, Mubigbrodt HE. Weight gain: side effect of atypical neuroleptics? J Clin Psychopharmacol 1999;19:359-73.
83. Bustillo JR, Buchanan RW, Irish D, et al. Differential effect of clozapine on weight: a controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:817-19.
84. Briffa D, Meehan T. Weight changes during clozapine treatment. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 1998;32:718-21.
85. Hummer M, Kemmler G, Kura M, et al. Weight gain induced by clozapine. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1995;5:437-40.
86. Kinon BJ, Basson BR, Tollefson GF, et al. Effect of long-term olanzapine treatment on weight change in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2000;41:195-6.
87. Der-Simonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986;7:177-88.
88. Masand PS. Weight gain associated with atypical antipsychotics. J Psychotic Dis Rev Comment 1998;11:4-6.
89. Collaborative Working Group on Clinical Trial Evaluations. Measuring outcome in schizphrenia: differences among the atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59(Suppl):S3-9.
90. US Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2000, (120th edn). Washington, DC, 2000.
91. Brown S. Excess mortality of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 1997;171:502-8.
92. Gray R, Gournay K. What can we do about acute extrapyramidal symptoms? J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2000;7:201-5.
93. Davies PH. Drug-related hyperprolactinemia. Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev 1997;16:83-94.
94. Kaye TB. Hyperprolactinemia: causes, consequences, and treatment options. Postgrad Med 1996;99:265-8.
95. Luna B. Drug-induced hyperglycemia. JAMA 2001;286:1945-8.
96. Umbricht D, Flury H, Bridler R. Cognitive behavior therapy for weight gain. Am J Psychiatry 2001;158:971.
97. Wirshing DA, Wirshing WC, Kysar L, et al. Novel antipsychotics: comparison of weight gain liabilities. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60:358-6385.
98. Peuskens J. Switching approach in the management of schizophrenia patients. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2000;15(Suppl):S15-19.
99. Carter C, Stevens M, Durkin M. Effects of risperidone therapy on the use of mental health care resources in Salt Lake County, Utah. Clin Ther 1998;20:352-63.
100. US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Consumer Price Index for Medical Care Services. Available from: http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost. [Last accessed Jan 2004]. Washington DC: US Department of Labor.
101. Drug Topics® Red Book®. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Inc, 2003.
102. Drugs for psychiatric disorders. Med Lett Drugs Ther 1997;39:33-40.
103. Pharmacy Benefits Management Institute, Inc. 1996 Prescription Drug Benefit Cost and Plan Design Survey Report. Albuquerque, NM: Wellman Publishing Inc., 1997.
104. American Medical Association. Medicare RBRVS: The Physician Guide. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association, 2003.
105. Spielman A, Kanders B, Kienholz M, et al. The cost of losing: an analysis of commercial weight-loss programs in a metropolitan area. J Am Coll Nutr 1992;11:36-41.
106. Edgell ET, Andersen W, Johnstone BM, et al. Olanzapine versus risperidone: a prospective comparison of clinical and economic outcomes in schizophrenia. Pharmacoeconomics 2000;18: 567-79.
107. Gureje O, Miles W, Keks N, et al. Olanzapine and risperidone in the management of schizophrenia: a randomized double-blind trial in Australia and New Zealand. Schizophr Res 2003;61:303-14.
108. Chakos M, Lieberman J, Hoffman E, et al. Effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Psychiatry 2001;158:518-26.
109. Murkherjee S, Decina P, Bocola V, et al. Diabetes mellitus in schizophrenic patients. Compr Psychiatry 1996;37:68-73.
110. Fertig MK, Brooks VG, Shelton PS, et al. Hyperglycemia associated with olanzapine. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59:687-9.
111. IMS National Disease and Therapeutic Index (NDTI) database, 2002.
112. Le Compte D, Cookson RF. The economic value of atypical antipsychotics: a comparison risperidone and olanzapine revisited. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 1999;3:3-9.
113. Schooler NR. Comments on the article by Tran and colleagues: double-blind comparison of olanzapine versus risperidone in treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders [letter]. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1998;18:174-6.
114. Gheuens J, Grebb JA. Comments on the article by Tran and associates: double-blind comparison of olanzapine versus risperidone in treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders [letter]. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1998; 18:176-7.
115. Kasper S, Kufferle B. Comments on the article by Tran and colleagues: double-blind comparison of olanzapine versus risperidone in treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders [letter]. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1998; 18:353-6.