메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 23, Issue 9, 2004, Pages 866-870

Reducing illness transmission from disinfected recreational water venues: Swimming, diarrhea and the emergence of a new public health concern

Author keywords

Cryptosporidium; Education; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Giardia; Recreational water illnesses; Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli; Swimming; Swimming pools

Indexed keywords

CHLORINE; WATER;

EID: 6344238874     PISSN: 08913668     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000138081.84891.30     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (32)

References (42)
  • 1
    • 0036100176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the burden of disease from water, sanitation, and hygiene at a global level
    • Pruss A, Kay D, Fewtrell L, Bartram J. Estimating the burden of disease from water, sanitation, and hygiene at a global level. Environ Health Perspect. 2002;110:537-542.
    • (2002) Environ Health Perspect , vol.110 , pp. 537-542
    • Pruss, A.1    Kay, D.2    Fewtrell, L.3    Bartram, J.4
  • 2
    • 0031912109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of epidemiological studies on health effects from exposure to recreational water
    • Pruss A. Review of epidemiological studies on health effects from exposure to recreational water. Int. J Epidemiol. 1998;27:1-9.
    • (1998) Int J Epidemiol , vol.27 , pp. 1-9
    • Pruss, A.1
  • 3
    • 0027948615 scopus 로고
    • A community-wide outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with swimming at a wave pool
    • McAnulty JM, Fleming DW, Gonzalez A. A community-wide outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with swimming at a wave pool. JAMA. 1994;272:1597-1600.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.272 , pp. 1597-1600
    • McAnulty, J.M.1    Fleming, D.W.2    Gonzalez, A.3
  • 4
    • 0020067775 scopus 로고
    • Swimming-associated gastroenteritis and water quality
    • Cabelli VJ, Dufour AP, McCabe LJ, et al. Swimming-associated gastroenteritis and water quality. Am J Epidemiol. 1982;115:606-616.
    • (1982) Am J Epidemiol , vol.115 , pp. 606-616
    • Cabelli, V.J.1    Dufour, A.P.2    McCabe, L.J.3
  • 6
    • 84951390364 scopus 로고
    • Health effects of swimmers and nonpoint sources of contaminated water
    • Calderon R, Mood E, Dufour A. Health effects of swimmers and nonpoint sources of contaminated water. Int J Environ Health Res. 1991;1:21-31.
    • (1991) Int J Environ Health Res , vol.1 , pp. 21-31
    • Calderon, R.1    Mood, E.2    Dufour, A.3
  • 7
    • 0015975996 scopus 로고
    • Epidemic of adenovirus type 7 acute conjunctivitis in swimmers
    • Caldwell GG, Lindsey NJ, Wulff H, et al. Epidemic of adenovirus type 7 acute conjunctivitis in swimmers. Am J Epidemiol. 1974;99:230-234.
    • (1974) Am J Epidemiol , vol.99 , pp. 230-234
    • Caldwell, G.G.1    Lindsey, N.J.2    Wulff, H.3
  • 8
    • 0025196765 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of free-living ameba infections
    • Visvesvara G, Stehr-Green J. Epidemiology of free-living ameba infections. J Protozool. 1990;37:26S-33S.
    • (1990) J Protozool , vol.37
    • Visvesvara, G.1    Stehr-Green, J.2
  • 9
    • 0035157897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffuse pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria in immunocompetent people (hot tub lung)
    • Khoor A, Leslie KO, Tazelaar HD, et al. Diffuse pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria in immunocompetent people (hot tub lung). Am J Clin Pathol. 2001;115:755-762.
    • (2001) Am J Clin Pathol , vol.115 , pp. 755-762
    • Khoor, A.1    Leslie, K.O.2    Tazelaar, H.D.3
  • 10
    • 84944362642 scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of Pontiac fever related to whirlpool use, Michigan 1982
    • Mangione EJ, Remis RS, Tait KA, et al. An outbreak of Pontiac fever related to whirlpool use, Michigan 1982. JAMA. 1985;253:535-539.
    • (1985) JAMA , vol.253 , pp. 535-539
    • Mangione, E.J.1    Remis, R.S.2    Tait, K.A.3
  • 11
    • 0029650834 scopus 로고
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infection associated with a nursing home's whirlpool bath
    • Hollyoak V, Allison D, Summers J. Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infection associated with a nursing home's whirlpool bath. Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev. 1995;5:R100-R102.
    • (1995) Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev , vol.5
    • Hollyoak, V.1    Allison, D.2    Summers, J.3
  • 12
    • 0031456591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and epidemiologic features of a massive waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in persons with HIV infection
    • Frisby HR, Addiss DG, Reiser WJ, et al. Clinical and epidemiologic features of a massive waterborne outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in persons with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1997;16:367-373.
    • (1997) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol , vol.16 , pp. 367-373
    • Frisby, H.R.1    Addiss, D.G.2    Reiser, W.J.3
  • 13
    • 0030623684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidiosis: An emerging, highly infectious threat
    • Guerrant R. Cryptosporidiosis: an emerging, highly infectious threat. Emerg Infect Dis. 1997;3:51-57.
    • (1997) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.3 , pp. 51-57
    • Guerrant, R.1
  • 14
    • 0031442426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cryptosporidiosis-associated mortality following a massive waterborne outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
    • Hoxie NJ, Davis JP, Vergeront JM, et al. Cryptosporidiosis-associated mortality following a massive waterborne outbreak in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Am J Public Health. 1997;87:2032-2035.
    • (1997) Am J Public Health , vol.87 , pp. 2032-2035
    • Hoxie, N.J.1    Davis, J.P.2    Vergeront, J.M.3
  • 15
    • 0025237644 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability
    • Korich D, Mead J, Madore M, et al. Effects of ozone, chlorine dioxide, chlorine, and monochloramine on Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990;56:1423-1428.
    • (1990) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.56 , pp. 1423-1428
    • Korich, D.1    Mead, J.2    Madore, M.3
  • 16
    • 0032419210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in river water and their susceptibility to disinfection by chlorine and monochloramine
    • Chauret C, Nolan K, Chen P, et al. Aging of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in river water and their susceptibility to disinfection by chlorine and monochloramine. Can J Microbiol. 1998;44:1154-1160.
    • (1998) Can J Microbiol , vol.44 , pp. 1154-1160
    • Chauret, C.1    Nolan, K.2    Chen, P.3
  • 17
    • 0023910556 scopus 로고
    • Effect of disinfectants on Giardia cysts
    • Jarroll EJ. Effect of disinfectants on Giardia cysts. Crit Rev Environ Control. 1988;18:1-28.
    • (1988) Crit Rev Environ Control , vol.18 , pp. 1-28
    • Jarroll, E.J.1
  • 18
    • 0022262642 scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of Norwalk virus in drinking water by chlorine
    • Keswick B, Satterwhite T, Johnson P, et al. Inactivation of Norwalk virus in drinking water by chlorine. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985;50: 261-264.
    • (1985) Appl Environ Microbiol , vol.50 , pp. 261-264
    • Keswick, B.1    Satterwhite, T.2    Johnson, P.3
  • 19
    • 0033002991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorine inactivation of Escherichia coli 0157:H7
    • Rice E, Clark R, Johnson C. Chlorine inactivation of Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:461-464.
    • (1999) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.5 , pp. 461-464
    • Rice, E.1    Clark, R.2    Johnson, C.3
  • 20
    • 0032770412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Escherichia coli 0157:H7 outbreak associated with an improperly chlorinated swimming pool
    • Friedman M, Roels T, Koehler J, et al. Escherichia coli 0157:H7 outbreak associated with an improperly chlorinated swimming pool. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:298-303.
    • (1999) Clin Infect Dis , vol.29 , pp. 298-303
    • Friedman, M.1    Roels, T.2    Koehler, J.3
  • 21
  • 22
    • 0028955334 scopus 로고
    • The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers
    • DuPont H, Chappell C, Sterling C, et al. The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:855-859.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , pp. 855-859
    • DuPont, H.1    Chappell, C.2    Sterling, C.3
  • 23
    • 0001619763 scopus 로고
    • The experimental transmission of human intestinal protozoan parasites, II: Giardia lamblia cysts given in capsules
    • Rendtorff R. The experimental transmission of human intestinal protozoan parasites, II: Giardia lamblia cysts given in capsules. Am J Hyg. 1954;59:209-220.
    • (1954) Am J Hyg , vol.59 , pp. 209-220
    • Rendtorff, R.1
  • 24
    • 0027473735 scopus 로고
    • Intensity of infection in AIDS-associated cryptosporidiosis
    • Goodgame RW, Genta RM, White AC, et al. Intensity of infection in AIDS-associated cryptosporidiosis. J Infect Dis. 1993;167:705-709.
    • (1993) J Infect Dis , vol.167 , pp. 705-709
    • Goodgame, R.W.1    Genta, R.M.2    White, A.C.3
  • 25
    • 0016607664 scopus 로고
    • Numbers of Giardia in the feces of infected children
    • Danciger M, Lopez M. Numbers of Giardia in the feces of infected children. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1975;24:237-242.
    • (1975) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.24 , pp. 237-242
    • Danciger, M.1    Lopez, M.2
  • 26
    • 0023150685 scopus 로고
    • Shedding of oocysts in immunocompetent individuals infected with Cryptosporidium
    • Stehr-Green J, McCaig L, Remsen H, et al. Shedding of oocysts in immunocompetent individuals infected with Cryptosporidium. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1987;36:338-342.
    • (1987) Am J Trop Med Hyg , vol.36 , pp. 338-342
    • Stehr-Green, J.1    McCaig, L.2    Remsen, H.3
  • 27
    • 0032694976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food-related illness and death in the United States
    • Mead P, Slutsker L, Dietz V, et al. Food-related illness and death in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:607-625.
    • (1999) Emerg Infect Dis , vol.5 , pp. 607-625
    • Mead, P.1    Slutsker, L.2    Dietz, V.3
  • 28
    • 0029091733 scopus 로고
    • Community-based prevalence of anal incontinence
    • Nelson R, Norton N, Cautley E, et al. Community-based prevalence of anal incontinence. JAMA. 1995;274:559-561.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 559-561
    • Nelson, R.1    Norton, N.2    Cautley, E.3
  • 29
    • 0035947611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of parasites in fecal material from chlorinated swimming pools: United States, 1999
    • CDC. Prevalence of parasites in fecal material from chlorinated swimming pools: United States, 1999. MMWR. 2001;50:410-412.
    • (2001) MMWR , vol.50 , pp. 410-412
  • 30
    • 0034425504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of enteric pathogen shedding by bathers during recreational activity and its impact on water quality
    • Gerba CP. Assessment of enteric pathogen shedding by bathers during recreational activity and its impact on water quality. Quant Microbiol. 2000;2:55-68.
    • (2000) Quant Microbiol , vol.2 , pp. 55-68
    • Gerba, C.P.1
  • 32
    • 84871508090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks: United States, 1999-2000
    • Lee SH, Levy DA, Craun GF, et al. Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks: United States, 1999-2000. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2002;51: 1-47.
    • (2002) MMWR Surveill Summ , vol.51 , pp. 1-47
    • Lee, S.H.1    Levy, D.A.2    Craun, G.F.3
  • 33
    • 0034716899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks, United States, 1997-1998
    • Barwick RS, Levy DA, Beach MJ, et al. Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks, United States, 1997-1998. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2000;49:1-35.
    • (2000) MMWR Surveill Summ , vol.49 , pp. 1-35
    • Barwick, R.S.1    Levy, D.A.2    Beach, M.J.3
  • 34
    • 0032509166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks: United States, 1995-1996
    • Levy DA, Bens MS, Craun GF, et al. Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks: United States, 1995-1996. MMWR Surveill Summ. 1998;47:1-34.
    • (1998) MMWR Surveill Summ , vol.47 , pp. 1-34
    • Levy, D.A.1    Bens, M.S.2    Craun, G.F.3
  • 35
    • 0030580793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks: United States, 1993-1994
    • Kramer MH, Herwaldt BL, Craun GF, et al. Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks: United States, 1993-1994. MMWR Surveill Summ. 1996;45:1-33.
    • (1996) MMWR Surveill Summ , vol.45 , pp. 1-33
    • Kramer, M.H.1    Herwaldt, B.L.2    Craun, G.F.3
  • 36
    • 0027920525 scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks: United States, 1991-1992
    • Moore AC, Herwaldt BL, Craun GF, et al. Surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks: United States, 1991-1992. MMWR Surveill Summ. 1993;42:1-22.
    • (1993) MMWR Surveill Summ , vol.42 , pp. 1-22
    • Moore, A.C.1    Herwaldt, B.L.2    Craun, G.F.3
  • 37
    • 0033779487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National surveillance for infection with Cryptosporidium parvum, 1995-1998: What have we learned?
    • Dietz V, Roberts JM. National surveillance for infection with Cryptosporidium parvum, 1995-1998: what have we learned? Public Health Rep. 2000;115:358-363.
    • (2000) Public Health Rep , vol.115 , pp. 358-363
    • Dietz, V.1    Roberts, J.M.2
  • 38
    • 0034636966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giardiasis surveillance, United States, 1992-1997
    • Furness BW, Beach MJ, Roberts JM. Giardiasis surveillance, United States, 1992-1997. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2000;49(SS-7):1-13.
    • (2000) MMWR Surveill Summ , vol.49 , Issue.SS-7 , pp. 1-13
    • Furness, B.W.1    Beach, M.J.2    Roberts, J.M.3
  • 39
    • 0037636511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance data from swimming pool inspections: Selected states and counties, United States, May-September 2002. June 6, 2003
    • CDC. Surveillance data from swimming pool inspections: selected states and counties, United States, May-September 2002. June 6, 2003. MMWR. 2003;52:513-516.
    • (2003) MMWR , vol.52 , pp. 513-516
  • 40
    • 0035947692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protracted outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis associated with swimming pool use: Ohio and Nebraska, 2000
    • CDC. Protracted outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis associated with swimming pool use: Ohio and Nebraska, 2000. MMWR. 2001;50:406-410.
    • (2001) MMWR , vol.50 , pp. 406-410
  • 41
    • 0041862447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 infections associated with a water park
    • Gilbert L, Blake P. Outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 infections associated with a water park. Georgia Epidemiol Rep. 1998;14:1-6.
    • (1998) Georgia Epidemiol Rep , vol.14 , pp. 1-6
    • Gilbert, L.1    Blake, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.