Use of zinc supplements to reduce upper respiratory infections in United States Air Force Academy Cadets

Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 91-95

  Veverka, Donald V ^a   Wilson, Candy ^b   Martinez, Michael A ^a   Wenger, Rachael ^a   Tamosuinas, Amanda ^a  

^a UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY   (United States)

^b 59th Medical Wing ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Military cadets; Supplements; Upper respiratory infections; Zinc

Indexed keywords

GLUCONIC ACID;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION; SOLDIER; UNITED STATES; UNIVERSITY;

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; FEMALE; GLUCONATES; HUMANS; MALE; MILITARY PERSONNEL; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS; UNITED STATES; UNIVERSITIES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 63349106939     PISSN: 17443881     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.02.006     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Shankar A.N., and Prasad A.S. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (1998) 447S-463S
2. Walsh C.T., Sandstead H.H., Prasad A.S., Newberne P.M., and Fraker P.J. Zinc Health Effects and Research Priorities for the 1990s. Environmental Health Perspectives 102 (1994) 5-46
3. Pekarek R.S., Hoagland A.M., and Powanda M.C. Humoral and cellular immune response in zinc-deficient rats. Nutrition Reports International 16 (1977) 267-276
4. Coghlan L.G., Carlomagno M.A., and McMurray D.N. Effect of protein and zinc deficiencies on vaccine efficacy in guinea pigs following pulmonary infection with listeria. Medical Microbiology and Immunology 177 (1988) 255-263
5. Kidd M.T., Qureshi M.A., Ferket P.R., and Thomas L.N. Dietary zinc-methionine enhances mononuclear-phagocytic function in young Turkeys. Biological Trace Element Research 42 (1994) 217-229
6. Beers M.H., and Berkow R. Merck manual. 18th ed. (2006), Merck Publishing Group, Rahway, NJ
7. Mossad S.B., Macknin M.L., Mendendorp S.V., and Mason P. Zinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Annals of Internal Medicine 125 (1996) 81-88
8. Jackson J.L., Lesho E., and Peterson C. Zinc and the common cold: a meta-analysis revisited. Journal of Nutrition 130 (2000) 1512S-1515S
9. Prasad A.S., Beck F.W.J., Bao B., Fitzgerald J.T., Snell D.C., Steinberg J.D., et al. Zinc supplementation decreases incidence of infections in the elderly: effect of zinc on generation of cytokines and oxidative stress. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 85 (2007) 837-844
10. Cannon J.G., Evans W.J., Hughes V.A., et al. Physiological mechanisms contributing to increased interleukin-1 secretion. Journal of Applied Physiology 61 (1986) 1869-1874
11. Singh, A., Smoak, B.L., Patterson, K.Y., LeMay, L.G., Veillon, C., Deuster, P.A. Biochemical indices of selected trace minerals in men: effect of stress. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 199l; 53: 126-31.
12. 10th Medical Group (SGM), Population Health, USAFA Cadet Upper Respiratory Infection cases from 2004-2007; 17 July 2007.
13. Lenth R.V. Java applets for power and sample size. Available from: (2006). http://www.stat.uiowa.edu/∼rlenth/Power [Computer software] [Retrieved August 15, 2007]
14. Institute of Medicine, Food and nutrition board. Dietary reference intakes: a report of the panel on micronutrients, subcommittees on upper reference levels of nutrients and of the interpretation and uses of dietary reference intakes and the standing committee on the scientific evaluation of dietary reference intakes (2001), National Academy Press, Washington DC
15. King J.C., Keen C.L., et al. Zinc. In: Shils M.E. (Ed). Modern nutrition in health and disease. 9th ed (1999), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 223-239
16. SAS Institute Inc. JMP statistical analysis software (2007), SAS Institute, Cary, NC (Version 7) [Computer software]
17. Takkouche B., Regueira-Mendez C., Garcia-Closas R., Figueiras A., and Gestal-Otero J.J. Intake of vitamin C and zinc and risk of common cold: a cohort study. Epidemiology 13 (2002) 38-44
18. Takkouche B., Regueira C., and Gestal-Otero J.J. A cohort study of stress and the common cold. Epidemiology 11 (2001) 345-349
19. Turnland J.R., et al. Copper. In: Shils M.E. (Ed). Modern nutrition in health and disease. 9th ed. (1999), Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 241-252
20. Sandstead H.H. Requirements and toxicity of essential trace mineral elements, illustrated by zinc and copper. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61 Suppl. (1995) 621S-624S
21. Khardori R., Adamski A., and Khardori N. Infection, immunity, and hormone/endocrine interactions. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 21 (2007) 601-615
22. Prasad A.S. Discovery of human zinc deficiency and studies in an experimental human model. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53 (1991) 403-412
23. McClung J.P., and Scrimgeour A.G. Zinc: an essential trace element with potential benefit to soldiers. Military Medicine 170 (2005) 1048-1052