Morphology and seasonal characteristics of low latitude E-region quasiperiodic echoes studied using large database of Gadanki radar observations

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 113, Issue 7, 2008, Pages

  Venkateswara Rao, N ^b   Patra, A K ^b   Pant, T K ^a   Rao, S V B ^c  

^a INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANISATION   (India)

^b NATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LABORATORY   (India)

^c SRI VENKATESWARA UNIVERSITY   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 63149179007     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007JA012830     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Bernhardt, P. A. (2002), The modulation of sporadic-E layers by Kelvin-Helmholtz billows in the neutral atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 64, 1487-1504.
2. Chau, J. L., and R. F. Woodman (1999), Low-latitude quasiperiodic echoes observed with the Piura VHF radar in the E region, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2167-2170.
3. Chau, J. L., R. F. Woodman, and L. A. Flores (2002), Statistical characteristics of low-latitude ionospheric field-aligned irregularities obtained with the Piura VHF radar, Ann. Geophys., 20, 1203-1212.
4. Choudhary, R. K., and K. K. Mahajan (1999), Tropical E region field aligned irregularities: Simultaneous observations of continuous and quasiperiodic echoes, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2613-2619.
5. Choudhary, R. K., K. K. Mahajan, S. Singh, K. Kumar, and V. K. Anandan (1996), First VHF radar observations of tropical latitude E-region fieldaligned irregularities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3683-3686.
6. Choudhary, R. K., J.-P. St.-Maurice, L. M. Kagan, and K. K. Mahajan (2005), Quasi-periodic backscatters from the E region at Gadanki: Evidence for Kelvin-Helmholtz billows in the lower thermosphere?, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A08303, doi:10.1029/2004JA010987.
7. Chu, Y. H., and C. Y. Wang (1997), Interferometry observations of threedimensional spatial structures of sporadic E irregularities using Chung-Li VHF radar, Radio Sci., 32, 817-832.
8. Cosgrove, R. B., and R. T. Tsunoda (2002), A direction-dependant instability of sporadic-E layers in the nighttime midlatitude ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(18), 1864, doi:10.1029/2002GL014669.
9. Fritts, D. C., T. L. Palmer, Andreassen, and I. Lie (1996), Evolution and breakdown of Kelvin-Helmholtz billows in stratified compressible flows. part I: Comparison of two- and three-dimensional flows, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3173-3191.
10. Fukao, S., M. Yamamoto, R. T. Tsunoda, H. Hayakawa, and T. Mukai (1998), The SEEK (Sporadic- E Experiment over Kyushu) campaign, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1761-1764. (Pubitemid 128471835)
11. Fukao, S., H. Hashiguchi, M. Yamamoto, T. Tsuda, T. Nakamura, M. K. Yamamoto, T. Sato, M. Hagio, and Y. Yabugaki (2003), Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR): System description and first results, Radio Sci., 38(3), 1053, doi:10.1029/2002RS002767.
12. Haldoupis, C., G. C. Hussey, A. Bourdillon, and J. Dellouse (2001), Azimuth-time-intensity striations of quasiperiodic radar echoes from the midlatitude E region ionosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1933-1936. (Pubitemid 34039385)
13. Hysell, D. L., and J. D. Burcham (1999), HF radar observations of quasiperiodic E layer echoes over North America, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 4361-4371.
14. Hysell, D. L., M. F. Larsen, and Q. H. Zhou (2004), Common volume coherent and incoherent scatter radar observations of mid-latitude sporadic E-layers and QP echoes, Ann. Geophys., 22, 3277-3290, SRef-ID: 1432-0576/ag/2004-22-3277.
15. Larseņ, M. F. (2000), A shear instability seeding mechanism for quasiperiodic radar echoes, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 24,931-24,940.
16. Larsen, M. F., S. Fukao, M. Yamamoto, R. Tsunoda, K. Igarashi, and T. Ono (1998), The SEEK chemical release experiment: Observed neutral wind profile in a region of sporadic E, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1789-1792. (Pubitemid 128471842)
17. Maruyama, T., S. Fukao, and M. Yamamoto (2000), A possible mechanism for echo striation generation of radar backscatter from midlatitude sporadic E, Radio Sci., 35, 1155-1164. (Pubitemid 32027561)
18. Maruyama, T., S. Saito, M. Yamamoto, and S. Fukao (2006), Simultaneous observation of sporadic-E with a rapid-run ionosonde and VHF coherent backscatter radar, Ann. Geophys., 24, 153-162. (Pubitemid 44770231)
19. Mathews, J. D. (1998), Sporadic E: Current views and recent progress, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, 413-435.
20. Mathews, J. D., and F. S. Bekeny (1979), Upper atmosphere tides and the vertical motion of ionospheric sporadic layers at Arecibo, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2743-2750.
21. Ogawa, T., O. Takahashi, Y. Otsuka, K. Nozaki, M. Yamamoto, and K. Kita (2002), Simultaneous middle and upper atmosphere radar and ionospheric sounder observations of mid-latitude irregularities and sporadicE layer, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A10), 1275, doi:10.1029/2001JA900176.
22. Pan, C. J., and R. T. Tsunoda (1998), Quasi-periodic echoes observed with the Chung-Li VHF radar during the SEEK campaign, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1809-1812. (Pubitemid 128471847)
23. Pan, C. J., C. H. Liu, J. Roettger, S. Y. Su, and J. Y. Liu (1998), E region observations over Chung-Li during the SEEK campaign, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1805-1808. (Pubitemid 128471846)
24. Patra, A. K., and N. V. Rao (2007), Low-latitude valley region irregularities studied using the Gadanki radar, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A03303, doi:10.1029/2006JA011857.
25. Patra, A. K., S. Sripathi, V. Sivakumar, and P. B. Rao (2004), Statistical characteristics of VHF radar observations of low latitude E-region fieldaligned irregularities over Gadanki, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 66, 1615-1626.
26. Patra, A. K., S. Sripathi, P. B. Rao, and R. K. Choudhary (2006), Gadanki radar observations of daytime E region echoes and structures extending down to 87 km, Ann. Geophys, 24, 1-9.
27. Patra, A. K., T. Yokoyama, M. Yamamoto, T. Nakamura, T. Tsuda, and S. Fukao (2007), Lower E region field-aligned irregularities studied using the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar and meteor radar in Indonesia, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A01301, doi:10.1029/2006JA011825.
28. Ramkumar, G., T. M. Antonita, Y. Bhavani Kumar, H. Venkata Kumar, and D. Narayana Rao (2006), Seasonal variation of gravity waves in the equatorial middle atmosphere: Results from ISRO's Middle Atmospheric Dynamics (MIDAS) program, Ann. Geophys., 24, 2471-2480. (Pubitemid 44770420)
29. Rao, P. B., A. R. Jain, P. Kishore, P. Balamuralidhar, S. H. Damle, and G. Viswanathan (1995), Indian MST radar: 1. System description and sample wind measurements in ST mode, Radio Sci., 30, 1125-1138.
30. Reddi, C. R., and G. Ramkumar (1997), Climatologies of tidal winds in the radio-meteor region over Trivandrum (8°N), J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 59, 1757-1777.
31. Tsunoda, R. T., S. Fukao, and M. Yamamoto (1994), On the origin of quasiperiodic radar backscatter from midlatitude sporadic E, Radio Sci., 29, 349-365.
32. Tsunoda, R. T., S. Fukao, M. Yamamoto, and T. Hamasaki (1998), First 24.5- MHz radar measurements of quasi-periodic backscatter from fieldaligned irregularities in midlatitude sporadic E, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1765-1768. (Pubitemid 128471836)
33. Tsunoda, R. T., J. J. Buoncore, A. Saito, T. Kishimoto, S. Fukao, and M. Yamamoto (1999), First observations of quasiperiodic echoes from Stanford, California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 995-998.
34. Venkateswara Rao, N., A. K. Patra, and S. V. B. Rao (2008), Some new aspects of low-latitude E-region QP echoes revealed by Gadanki radar: Are they due to Kelvin-Helmholtz instability or gravity waves?, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A03309, doi:10.1029/2007JA012574.
35. Woodman, R. F., and J. L. Chau (2001), Equatorial quasiperiodic echoes from field-aligned irregularities observed over Jicamarca, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 207-209. (Pubitemid 32203281)
36. Woodman, R. F., M. Yamamoto, and S. Fukao (1991), Gravity wave modulation of gradient drift instabilities in mid-latitude sporadic E irregularities, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1197-1200.
37. Woodman, R. F., J. L. Chau, F. Aquino, R. R. Rodriguez, and L. A. Flores (1999), Low-latitude field-aligned irregularities observed in the E region with the Piura VHF radar: First results, Radio Sci., 34, 983-990.
38. Yamamoto, M., S. Fukao, R. F. Woodman, T. Ogawa, T. Tsuda, and S. Kato (1991), Midlatitude E region field-aligned irregularities observed with the MU radar, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 15,943-15,949.
39. Yamamoto, M., S. Fukao, T. Ogawa, T. Tsuda, and S. Kato (1992), A morphological study on midlatitude field aligned irregularities observed with the MU radar, J. Atmos. Sol.. Terr. Phys., 54, 769-777.
40. Yamamoto, M., T. Itsuki, T. Kishimoto, R. T. Tsunoda, R. F. Pfaff, and S. Fukao (1998), Comparison of E-region electric fields observed with a sounding rocket and a Doppler radar in the SEEK campaign, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1773-1776. (Pubitemid 128471838)
41. Yamamoto, M., S. Fukao, R. T. Tsunoda, R. Pfaff, and H. Hayakawa (2005), SEEK-2 (Sporadic-E Experiment over Kyushu 2) - Project outline, and significance, Ann. Geophys., 23, 2295-2305, Sref-ID:14320576/ag/2005-23-2295. (Pubitemid 41656274)