Consistency of precariously balanced rocks with probabilistic seismic hazard estimates in Southern California

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

Volumn 98, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 2629-2640

  Purvance, Matthew D ^a   Brune, James N ^a   Abrahamson, Norman A ^b   Anderson, John G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

^b Pacific Gas and Electric   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BINS; EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS; EQUATIONS OF MOTION; IGNITION; PROBABILITY; RAILROAD PLANT AND STRUCTURES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEISMIC DESIGN; SEISMOLOGY; SURVEYS;

ALEATORY VARIABILITIES; DETERMINISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURES; EXPOSURE-TIME; FAILURE PROBABILITIES; GROUND MOTIONS; GROUND-MOTION PREDICTION EQUATIONS; MARGINAL RATES; PARAMETERIZED; PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS; RESIDENCE TIME; SAN ANDREAS FAULTS; SEISMIC HAZARD MAPS; SEISMIC HAZARDS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS; VECTOR-VALUED;

HAZARDS;

EARTHQUAKE MECHANISM; EARTHQUAKE PREDICTION; ESTIMATION METHOD; GROUND MOTION; OVERTURN; PARAMETERIZATION; POISSON RATIO; PROBABILITY; SAN ANDREAS FAULT; SEISMIC HAZARD;

CALIFORNIA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 63049134500     PISSN: 00371106     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1785/0120080169     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Abbott, R. E., and J. N. Louie (2000). High shear-wave velocities under precarious rocks might explain their proximity to the San Andreas fault (Abstract S51C-05), EOS Trans. AGU 81, no. 48 (Fall Meet. Suppl.), S51C-05.
2. Abrahamson, N. A., and W. J. Silva (1997). Empirical response spectral attenuation relations for shallow crustal earthquakes, Seism. Res. Lett. 68, 94-127.
3. Abrahamson, N. A., and W. J. Silva (2007). Abrahamson & Silva NGA Ground Motion Relations for the Geometric Mean Horizontal Component of Peak and Spectral Ground Motion Parameters, draft Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) report: available at http://peer.berkeley.edu/products/abrahamson-silva_nga_report_files/ AbraSil_2007_v2.pdf (last accessed September 2008).
4. Anderson, J. G., and J. N. Brune (1999a). Methodology for using precarious rocks in Nevada to test seismic hazard models, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 89, 456-467.
5. Anderson, J. G., and J. N. Brune (I 999b). Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis without the ergodic assumption, Seism. Res. Lett. 70, 19-28.
6. Anooshehpoor, A., J. N. Brune, and Y. Zeng (2004). Methodology for obtaining constraints on ground motion from precariously balanced rocks, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 94, no. 1, 285-303.
7. Anooshehpoor, A., T. H. Heaton, B. Shi, and J. N. Brune (1999). Estimates of the ground acceleration at Point Reyes Station during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 89, no. 4, 845-853.
8. Anooshehpoor, A., T. H. Heaton, B. Shi, and J. N. Brune (2000). Reply to "Comment b, J. Zhang and N, Makris on 'Estimates of the ground accelerations at Point Reyes Station during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake'", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 90, no. 5, 1349-1351.
9. Aydin, K. (2004). Rocking response of unanchored rectangular rigid bodies to simulated earthquakes, Struct. Eng. Mech. 18, no. 3, 343-362.
10. Bazzurro, P, and C. A. Cornell (2002). Vector-valued probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (VPSHA), in Proc. 7th U.S. National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, 21-25 July 2002, Paper No. 61.
11. Bell, J. W., J. N. Brune, T. Liu, M. Zreda, and J. C. Yount (1999). Dating precariously balanced rocks in scismically active parts of California and Nevada, Geology 26, no. 2, 495-498.
12. 36Cl produced by neutron activation, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 3779-3798.
13. Boore, D. M., W. B. Joyner, and T. E. Fumal (1997). Equations for estimating horizontal response spectra and peak acceleration from western North American earthquakes: a summary of recent work, Seism. Res. Lett. 68, 128-153.
14. Brune, J. N. (1999). Precarious rocks along the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault, California: constraints on ground motion from great earthquakes, Seism. Res. Lett. 70, no. 1, 29-33.
15. Brune, J. N. (2000). Precarious rock evidence for low ground shaking on the footwall of major normal faults, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 90, no. 4, 1107-1112.
16. Brune, J. N. (2003). Precarious rock evidence for low near-source accelerations for transtensional strike-slip earthquakes, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 137, 229-239.
17. Brune, J. N., and R. J. Brune (2007). Distribution of toppling accelerations of precariously balanced rocks with distance from active faults: Love-joy Buttes, Victorville, and Granite Pediment, in Proc. 2007 SCEC Annual Meeting, 9-12 September, Palm Springs, California.
18. Brune, J. N., and J. W. Whitney (1992). Precariously balanced rocks with rock varnish: paleoindicators of maximum ground acceleration?, Seism. Res. Lett. 63, no. 1, 21.
19. Brune, J. N., A. Anooshehpoor, and M. D. Purvance (2006). Band of precariously balanced bocks between the Elsinore and San Jacinto, California, fault zones: constraints on ground motion for large earthquakes, Geology 34, 137-140.
20. Brune, J. N., A. Anooshehpoor, B. Shi, and Y. Zeng (2004). Precarious rock and overturned transformer evidence for ground shaking in the M, 7.7 Kern County earthquake: an analog for disastrous shaking from a major thrust fault in the Los Angeles basin, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am 74, no. 6, 1993-2003.
21. Campbell, K. W., and Y. Bozorgnia (2003). Updated near-source ground motion (attenuation) relations for the horizontal and vertical components of peak ground acceleration and acyeleration response spectra, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 93, 314-331.
22. Cornell, C. A. (1968). Engineering seismic risk analysis, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 58, no. 5, 1583-1606.
23. Frankel, A., M. D. Petersen, C. S. Mueller, K. M. Haller, R. L. Wheeler, E. V. Leyendecker, R. L. Wesson, S. C. Harmsen, C. H. Cramer, D. M. Perkins, and K. S. Rukstales (2002). Seismic hazard maps for the conterminous United States, Map C - Horizontal Peak Acceleration with 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rept. 02-420-C: available at http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/ hazmaps/ (last accessed September 2008).
24. Graves, R. W., B. Aagaard, and K. Hudnut (2007). Broadband ground motion simulations for ShakeOut, in Proc. 2007 SCEC Annual Meeting, 9-12 September, Palm Springs, California.
25. Housner, G. W. (1963). The behavior of inverted pendulum structures during earthquakes, Bull. Seismol. Soc, Am. 53, no. 2, 403-417.
26. Jennings, C. W., and G. Saucedo (1994). Fault-activity map of California and adjacent areas with locations and ages of most recent volcanic eruptions, Geologic Data Map Series 6, California Division of Mines and Geology, Sacramento, scale 1:750,000.
27. Kimura, T. R., and K. Iida (1934). On the.rocking of rectangular columns (I), Zisin 6, no. 3, 125-149.
28. Kirkpatrick, P. (1927). Seismic measurements by the overthrow of columns, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 17, no. 2, 95-109.
29. Linton, D. L. (1955). The problem of tors, Geogr. J. 121, no. 4, 470-487.
30. Liu, T. (2003), Blind testing of rock varnish microstratigraphy as a chronometric indicator: results on late Quaternary lava flows in the Mojave Desert, California, Geomorphology 53, 209-234.
31. Louie, J. N. (2001). Faster, better: shear-wave velocity to 100 meters depth from refraction microtremor arrays, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 91, no. 2, 347-364.
32. Makris, N., and Y. S. Roussos (2000). Rocking response of rigid blocks under near-source ground motions, Geotechnique 50, no. 3, 243-262.
33. Mallet, R. (1862). The Great Neopolitan Earthquake of 1857, Chapman and Hall, London.
34. Milne, J. (1881). Experiments in observational seismology, Trans. Seism. Soc. Jpn. 3, 12-64.
35. Milne, J., and F. Omori (1893). On the-overturning and fracturing of brick and other column by horizontally applied motion, Seism. J. Jpn. 1, 59-85.
36. O'Connell, D. R. H., R. LaForge, and P. C. Liu (2007). Probabilistic ground motion assessment of balanced rocks in the Mojave Desert, Seism. Res. Lett. 78, 649-662.
37. Perry, J. (1881). Note on the rocking of a column, Trans. Seism. Soc. Jpn. 3, 103-106.
38. Pullammanappallil, S., M. D. Purvance, and J. N. Brune (2006). Refraction microtremor (ReMi) results for Vs30 at precarious rocks sites between the Elsinore and San Jacinto faults, in Proc. 2006 SCEC Annual Meeting, 10-13 September, Palm Springs, California.
39. Purvance, M. D. (2005). Overturning of slender blocks: numerical investigation and application to precariously balanced rocks in southern California, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada.
40. Purvance, M. D., A. Anooshehpoor, and J. N. Brune (2008). Freestanding block overturning fragilities: numerical simulations and experimental validation, Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 37, 791-808.
41. Purvance, M. D., A. Anooshehpoor, J. N. Brune, and R. E. Abbott (2008). Site conditions at precariously balanced rock (PBR) sites in the Mojave, southern California, Seism. Res. Lett. 79, no. 2, 347.
42. Purvance, M. D., R. W. Graves, J. N. Brune, B. Aagaard, and K. Hudnut (2007). Comparison between precariously balanced rocks and the ShakeOut simulation: ground motion constraints and implications for electric substation damage, in Proc. 2007 SCEC Annual Meeting, 9-12 September, Palm Springs, California.
43. Sadigh, K., C. Y. Chang, J. Egan, F. Makdisi, and R. Youngs (1997). Attenuation relationships for shallow crustal earthquakes based on California strong motion data, Seism. Res. Lett. 68 180-189.
44. Shaler, N. S. (1896). Aspects of the Earth, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 344 pp.
45. Shao, Y., and C. Tung (1998). Seismic response of temporary structures, Nucl. Eng. Des. 181, 267-274.
46. Shi, B., A. Anooshehpoor, Y. Zeng, and J. Brune (1996). Rocking and overturning of precariously balanced rocks by earthquakes, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 85, no. 5, 1364-1371.
47. Spanos, P. D., and A. Koh (1986). Analysis of block random rocking, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng. 5, 178-183.
48. Stirling, M. W., A. Anooshehpoor, J. N. Brune, G. P. Biasi, and S. G. Wesnousky (2002). Assessment of the site conditions of precariously balanced rocks in the Mojave Desert, southern California, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 92, no. 6, 2139-2144.
49. Toro, G., and A. Cornell (2006). On the use of Bayesian updating to combine seismic hazard results and information from the geological record, Seism. Res. Lett. 77, 273.
50. Twidale, C. R., and E. M. Campbell (1992). On the origin of pedestal rocks, Z. Geomorphol. 36, 1-13.
51. Yim, C. S., A. Chopra, and J. Penzien (1980). Rocking response of rigid blocks to earthquakes, Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn. 8, 565-587.
52. Zhang, J., and N. Makris (2000). Comment on "Estimates of the Ground Accelerations at Point Reyes Station during the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake" by A. Anooshehpoor, T. H. Heaton, B. Shi, and J. N. Brune, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 90, no. 5, 1342-1348.