Prior sprint cycling did not enhance training adaptation, but resting salivary hormones were related to workout power and strength

European Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 105, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 919-927

  Crewther, Blair T ^a,b   Lowe, Tim ^b   Weatherby, Robert P ^b   Gill, Nicholas ^c  

^a THE NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE FOR PLANT AND FOOD RESEARCH LIMITED   (New Zealand)

^b SOUTHERN CROSS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^c AUCKLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Cortisol; Rugby; Saliva; Testosterone; Training

Indexed keywords

HYDROCORTISONE; TESTOSTERONE;

ADAPTATION; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYCLING; HORMONE RESPONSE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; JUMPING; LEG EXERCISE; MALE; MUSCLE EXERCISE; MUSCLE STRENGTH; MUSCLE TRAINING; NORMAL HUMAN; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RUGBY; SALIVA;

ADAPTATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; EXERCISE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; LEG; MALE; MUSCLE STRENGTH; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; RESISTANCE TRAINING; RUNNING; SALIVA; TESTOSTERONE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 63049126039     PISSN: 14396319     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00421-008-0978-1     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Ahtiainen JP, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen K (2003) Muscle hypertrophy, hormonal adaptations and strength development during strength training in strength-trained and untrained men. Eur J Appl Physiol 89:555-563. doi: 10.1007/s00421-003-0833-3
2. Alen M, Pakarinen A, Häkkinen K, Komi PV (1988) Responses of serum androgenic-anabolic and catabolic hormones to prolonged strength training. Int J Sports Med 9:229-233. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1025011
3. Beaven MC, Gill ND, Cook CJ (2008) Salivary testosterone and cortisol responses in professional rugby players after four resistance exercise protocols. J Strength Cond Res 22:426-432
4. Blazevich AJ, Gill ND, Bronks R, Newton RU (2003) Training-specific muscle architecture adaptation after 5-wk training in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:2013-2022. doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000099092.83611.20
5. Bonifazi M, Ginanneschi F, della Volpe R, Rossi A (2004) Effects of gonadal steroids on the input-output relationship of the corticospinal pathway in humans. Brain Res 1011:187-194. doi: 10.1016/ j.brainres.2004.03.022
6. Bosco C, Tihanyi J, Rivalta L, Parlato G, Tranquilli C, Pulvirenti G, Foti C, Viru A (1996) Hormonal responses in strenuous jumping effort. Jpn J Physiol 46:93-98. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.46.93
7. Chadwick Smith J, Fry AC, Weiss LW, Li Y, Kinzey SJ (2001) The effects of high-intensity exercise on a 10-second sprint cycle test. J Strength Cond Res 15:344-348. doi:10.1519/ 1533-4287(2001)015<0344:TEOHIE>2.0.CO;2
8. Chiu LZF, Fry AC, Weiss LW, Schilling BK, Brown LE, Smith SL (2003) Postactivation potentiation response in athletic and recreationally trained individuals. J Strength Cond Res 17:671-677. doi:10.1519/ 1533-4287(2003)017<0671:PPRIAA>2.0.CO;2
9. Coutts A, Reaburn P, Piva TJ, Murphy A (2007) Changes in selected biomechanical, muscular strength, power, and endurance measures during deliberate overreaching and tapering in rugby league players. Int J Sports Med 28:116-124. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-924145
10. Crewther B, Keogh J, Cronin J, Cook C (2006) Possible stimuli for strength and power adaptation: Acute hormonal responses. Sports Med 36:215-238. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636030-00004
11. Crewther BT, Weatherby RP, Lowe T, Gill N (2008) Can testosterone and cortisol priming with supramaximal exercise modify the neuromuscular performance of elite rugby players? In: The National conference for the National Strength and Conditioning Association, Las Vegas, USA, p 238
12. Dabbs JM (1991) Salivary testosterone measurements: Collecting, storing, and mailing saliva samples. Physiol Behav 49:815-817. doi: 10.1016/ 0031-9384(91)90323-G
13. Dlouhá H, Vyskočil F (1979) The effect of cortisol on the excitability of the rat muscle fibre membrane and neuromuscular transmission. Physiol Bohemoslov 28:485-494
14. Drinkwater EJ, Galna B, McKenna MJ, Hunt PH, Pyne DB (2007) Validation of an optical encoder during free weight resistance movements and analysis of bench press sticking point power during fatigue. J Strength Cond Res 21:510-517. doi: 10.1519/R-20406.1
15. Durnin JV, Rahaman MM (1967) The assessment of the amount of fat in the human body from measurements of skinfold thickness. Br J Nutr 21:681-689. doi: 10.1079/BJN19670070
16. Estrada M, Espinosa A, Müller M, Jaimovich E (2003) Testosterone stimulates intracellular calcium release and mitogen-activated protein kinases via a G protein-coupled receptor in skeletal muscle cells. Endocrinology 144:3586-3597. doi: 10.1210/en.2002-0164
17. Gilbert G, Lees A (2005) Changes in the force development characteristics of muscle following repeated maximum force and power exercise. Ergonomics 48:1576-1584. doi: 10.1080/00140130500101163
18. Goto K, Ishii N, Kurokawa K, Takamatsu K (2007) Attenuated growth hormone response to resistance exercise with prior sprint exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:108-115. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000240321.23653.aa
19. Granger DA, Schwartz EB, Booth A, Arentz M (1999) Salivary testosterone determination in studies of child health and development. Horm Behav 35:18-27. doi: 10.1006/hbeh.1998.1492
20. Häkkinen K (1989) Neuromuscular and hormonal adaptations during strength and power training. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 29:9-26
21. Häkkinen K, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Komi P (1985) Serum hormones during prolonged training of neuromuscular performance. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 53:287-293. doi: 10.1007/BF00422840
22. Häkkinen K, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Kauhanen H, Komi PV (1988) Neuromuscular and hormonal adaptations in athletes to strength training in two years. J Appl Physiol 65:2406-2412
23. Hansen S, Kvorning T, Kjaer M, Sjægaard G (2001) The effect of short-term strength training on human skeletal muscle: The importance of physiologically elevated hormone levels. Scand J Med Sci Sports 11:347-354. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2001.110606.x
24. Hodgson M, Docherty D, Robbins D (2005) Post-activation potentiation: underlying physiology and implications for motor performance. Sports Med 35:585-595. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200535070-00004
25. Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Cooper JJ, Kang J, Chilakos A, Faigenbaum AD (2005) Comparison of loaded and unloaded jump squat training on strength/ power performance in college football players. J Strength Cond Res 19:810-815. doi: 10.1519/R-16774.1
26. Jürimäe J, Juvrimäe T (2001) Responses of blood hormones to the maximal rowing ergometer test in college rowers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 41:73-77
27. Kilduff LP, Bevan HR, Kingsley MI, Owen NJ, Bennett MA, Bunce PJ, Hore AM, Maw JR, Cunningham DJ (2007) Postactivation potentiation in professional rugby players: Optimal recovery. J Strength Cond Res 21:1134-1138. doi: 10.1519/R-20996.1
28. Krotkiewski M, Kral JG, Karlsson J (1980) Effects of castration and testosterone substitution on body composition and muscle metabolism in rats. Acta Physiol Scand 109:233-237. doi: 10.1111/ j.1748-1716.1980.tb06592.x
29. Lander J (1985) Maximum based on reps. Nat Strength Cond Assoc J 6:60-61
30. Madarame H, Neya M, Ochi E, Nakazato K, Sato Y, Ishii N (2008) Cross-transfer effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 40:258-263
31. Mangus BC, Takahashi M, Mercer JA, Holcomb WR, McWhorter JW, Sanchez R (2006) Investigation of vertical jump performance after completing heavy squat exercises. J Strength Cond Res 20:597-600. doi: 10.1519/R-18005.1
32. McBride JM, Triplett-McBride T, Davie A, Newton RU (2002) The effect of heavy- vs. light-load jump squats on the development of strength, power and speed. J Strength Cond Res 16:75-82. doi:10.1519/ 1533-4287(2002)016<0075:TEOHVL>2.0.CO;2
33. Morelius E, Nelson N, Theodorsson E (2004) Salivary cortisol and administration of concentrated oral glucose in newborn infants: Improved detection limit and smaller sample volumes without glucose interference. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 64:113-118. doi: 10.1080/00365510410004452
34. Obmiński Z, Borkowski L, Ladyga M, Hübner-Woźniak E (1998) Concentrations of cortisol, testosterone and lactate, and power output in repeated, supramaximal exercise in elite fencers. Biol Sport 15:19-24
35. Passaquin AC, Lhote P, Rüegg UT (1998) Calcium influx inhibition by steroids and analogs in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 124:1751-1759. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702036
36. Raastad T, Glomsheller T, Bjøro T, Hallén J (2001) Changes in human skeletal muscle contractility and hormone status during 2 weeks of heavy strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol 84:54-63. doi: 10.1007/ s004210000328
37. Rixon KP, Lamont HS, Bemben MG (2007) Influence of type of muscle contraction, gender, and lifting experience on postactivation potentiation performance. J Strength Cond Res 21:500-505. doi: 10.1519/ R-18855.1
38. Saez Saez de Villarreal E, Gonzalez-Badillo JJ, Izquierdo M (2007) Optimal warm-up stimuli of muscle activation to enhance short and long-term acute jumping performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 100:393-401. doi: 10.1007/s00421-007-0440-9
39. Sedliak M, Finni T, Cheng S, Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen K (2007) Effect of time-of-day-specific strength training on serum hormone concentrations and isometric strength in men. Chronobiol Int 24:1159-1177. doi: 10.1080/07420520701800686
40. Słowińska-Lisowska M, Witkowski K (2001) The influence of exercise on the functioning of the pituitary-gonadal axis in physically active older and younger men. Aging Male 4:145-150. doi: 10.1080/ 713604632
41. Viru A, Karelson K, Smirnova T (1992) Stability and variability in hormonal responses to prolonged exercise. Int J Sports Med 13:230-235. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1021259