The tribal kings in pre-islamic arabia a study of the epithet malik or dhū AL-TĀJ in early Arabic traditions

Al-Qantara

Volumn 19, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 19-37

  Athamina, Khalil ^a  

^a Birzeit University   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 62949088057     PISSN: 02113589     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3989/alqantara.1998.v19.i1.484     Document Type: Article

References (130)

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2. Ibn Sa'd,al-Tabaqāt al-kubrā (ed. E. Sachau, Leiden, 1917), vol. I(2), pp. 18-19
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7. Ibn al Jawzī, al-Wāfa bi-ahwāl al-Mustafā (ed. M. cAbd al-Wāhid, Cairo, 1966), vol. II, p. 738,741-742
8. Dahlān, Ahmad Zayūi, Sīrat Dahlān (ed. Cairo, 1310 a.h.), vol. II, pp. 175-177
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10. Ibn al-Athīr, al-Kāmilfi al-tāfn̄kh (4th ed., Beirut, 1983), vol. II, p. 143, 146, 157
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14. al-Diyārbakrī, lan̄kh al-khamīs (ed. Cairo, 1283 a.h.), vol. II, p. 92-94, 116. Some of these kings were sporadically mentioned in the following sources; Abū Yūsuf, al-Kharāj (4th ed., Cairo, 1392 a.h.), p. 141
15. Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba (ed. Cairo, 1280 a.h.), vol. IV, p. 417
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19. al Balādhun̄, Futūh al-buldān (ed. Salāh al-Dīn al-Munajjid), Cairo, 1956-1957, p. 92, 95, 98, 105
20. Ibn Hazm, Jamharat ansāb al-'arab (ed. Abd al-Salām Hārūn), Cairo, 1962, p. 384
21. Ibn al-Kalbī, Jamharat al-nasab (ed. Nājī Hasan, Beirut, 1986), p. 201
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23. al-Jāhiz, Rasā'il (ed. 'Abd al-Salām Hārūn, Cairo, 1964), vol. I, p. 183
24. W. M. Watt, Muhammad at Medina, Oxford, 1968, pp. 345-347
25. 2
26. Al-Mubarrad, al-Kāmil fi al-lugha wa-al-adab, (ed. M. Abū al-Fadl Ibrāhīm and Sayyid Shihāta, Cairo, n.d.), vol. III, p. 23
27. Ibn Qutayba, al-Ma'ārif (ed. Th. 'Ukāsha, 2nd ed., Cairo, 1969), p. 97, 115
28. al-Taban̄, lan̄kh (ed. M. Abū al-Fadl Ibrāhīm, Cairo, 1961), vol. II, 169
29. Ibn Abd Rabbihī, al- 'Iqd al-fan̄d (ed. A. Amīn, A. al-Zayn and I. al-Abyārī, 3rd ed., Cairo, 1965), vol. I, p. 322
30. Yāqūt, al- 'Iqd al-fan̄d, op. cit., s.v. (shadhiyākh); al-Tha'ālibī, Thimār al-qulūb, (ed. M. Abū al-Fadl Ibrāhīm, Cairo, 1965), p. 521
31. Ibn Taghrī Birdī, al-Nujūm al-zāhira (ed. Cairo, 1963), vol. II, p. 199
32. Al-A'shā, Dīwān al-A'shā (ed. Beirut, 1960), p. 108
33. al-Mubarrad, Dīwān al-A'shā, op. cit., vol. III, p. 24
34. al-Zabīdī, Tāj al-'Arūs (ed. Cairo, 1306 a.h.), s.v. (h.w.dh.)
35. Dīwān al-Farazdaq (ed. Beirut, 1966), vol. I, p. 100
36. Abū al- Baqā al-Manāqib al-Mazyadiyya, (ed. S. Dararka and M. Khresāt, 'Ammān, 1984), p. 62
37. Abu 'Ubayda, al-Naqā'id, (ed. A. Bevan, Leiden, 1905), p. 76, 464
38. Nasr b. Muzāhim, Waq'at Siffin, (ed. 'Abd al-Salām Hārūn, Cairo, 1328 a.h.), p. 22
39. al-tāj, Abū al-Baqā', p. 400. The same title is given to the vassal king of Hīra in a verse attributed to Hāni' b. Qabīsa al-Shaybānī
40. On him, see: Ibn Habīb, al-Munammaq (ed. Khurshīd A. Fāriq), Haydarabad, 1964, pp. 130-138 (index)
41. The turban of Abū Uhayha is mentioned in an anonymous verse. See: al-Muhabbar, p. 165
42. al-Zamakhsharī, Rabī al-abrār (ed. S. Al-Nu'aymī, Baghdad., n.d.), vol. IV, p. 2, p. 218
43. al-Balādhun̄, Ansāb al-ashrāf (ed. M. Schioessinger, Jerusalem, 1938), vol. 4(B), p. 70
44. al-Wāqidī, al-Maghāzi, ed. M. Jones, Oxford, 1966, p. 886
45. Ibn Hazm, op. cit., p. 269; al-Wāqidī, al-Maghāzi, ed. M. Jones, Oxford, 1966, p. 886
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49. A fresh data about the ridda of Banū Wafī'a was given by M. Lecker in his study: «Kinda on the eve of Islam.», JRAS 4 (part 3), 1994, pp. 333-356
50. Al-Ya'qūbī, JRAS, op. cit., vol. II, p. 128
51. See: Ibn Hazm, JRAS, op. cit., p. 261
52. About other leaders of Sulaym who bore the royal title, see: M. Lecker, The Banū Sulaym, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 1989, pp. 219-220
53. On the controversial nature of the traditions dealing with this issue, see: Ibn Qudāma al- Maqdisī, al-Istibsār (ed. 'AIī Nuwayhid, Beirut, 1972), p. 185
54. al- Tabarī, al-Istibsār, op. cit., vol. II, p. 606
55. al-Suhaylī, al-Istibsār, op. cit., vol. VI, p. 402
56. Ibn al-Athīr, al-Nihāya, (ed. M. Tināhī and Tank al-Zāwī, Beirut, 1963), vol. I, p. 100
57. al-Diyārbakn̄, al-Istibsār, op. cit., vol. I, p. 472
58. Ibn Manzūr, Mukhtasar Ibn 'Asākir (ed. MaJmūn Saghurjī, Damascus, 1989), vol. XXV, p. 291
59. Ibn Said al-Andalusī, Nashwat al-tarab (ed. Nasrat cAbd al-Rahmān, 'Amman, 1982), vol. I, p. 264
60. Wensick, A. T., Muhammad and the Jews of Medina, (tr. and ed. by W. Behn, Freiburg 1975), pp. 33-36
61. Al-Tabarī, Wensick, A. T., Muhammad and the Jews of Medina, op. cit., vol. II, p. 553
62. al- Suhaylī, Wensick, A. T., Muhammad and the Jews of Medina, op. cit., vol. V, p. 41
63. al-Qālī, Ismāīl b. al-Qāsim, Amālī (ed. M. A. al-Asmaī, Cairo, 1926), vol. I, p. 75
64. al-Diyārbakrī, Ismāīl b. al-Qāsim, Amālī, op. cit., vol. I, p. 472
65. On the tendency of Abu 'Ubayda to adopt the shuūbiyyas point of view see: Yāqūt al-Hamawī, Irshād al-arīb (ed. S. D. Margoliouth, 3rd ed., Cairo, 1938), vol. XIX, p. 156
66. 2
67. But the crown of Yazdajard which the Arabs plundered from the royal palace in Madāin (Ctseiphon) was much simpler. See: al-Suhaylī, Abu 'Ubayda, op. cit., vol. I, p. 301
68. See Shaked, Sh., «From Iran to Islam: On Some Symbols of Royalty, JSAI VII (1986), 75-91
69. al-Qurtubī, al-Jāmi li-ahkām al-Qur'ān (ed. Beirut, 1988), vol. XX, p. 24
70. Dīwān Jarīr (ed. Numān Tānā, Cairo, 1971), vol. II, p. 934
71. Qurtubī, Dīwān Jarīr, op. cit., vol. XX, p. 24
72. Shaked, Dīwān Jarīr, op. cit., vol. XX, p. 24., op. cit
73. The verse of al-Ashā describes the king as sitting upon anmāt and wasāid. Dīwān al- Ashā, p. 44. It is reported that the namat was a colorful cover placed upon the seat of the king. A plain, uncolored cover is not included in this category. Lisān al-arab, s.v. (n.m.t.)
74. Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. I., p. 581
75. The significance of the wisada as a symbol of power and rule is attested by a pro- Abbasid tradition which came to support their claim for rule and their legitimate right to the caliphate. According to this tradition, Alī b. Abī Talib and his uncle al-Abbās visited the Prophet in his home and found him leaning on a wisāda. The Prophet lifted it and gave it to al-Abbās and said to him: Sit down on it. Anonymous author, Akhbār al- 'Abbās (ed. al-Duri, Abd al-Azīz and A. al Muttalibī, Beirut, 1971), pp. 186-187
76. Shaked, Akhbār al- 'Abbās, 1971, pp. 186-187op. cit
77. Amāti al-Qātī, vol. I, pp. 257-258
78. al-Aghānī, vol. IV, p. 158. The pre-Islamic symbols of royalty were changed into Islamic symbols during the Islamic rule
79. On the new symbols see G. Zaydān, Tān̄kh al-tamaddun al-lslamī (ed. Beirut, 1967), vol. I, p. 133
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95. Al-Mubarrad, Tārīkh siniyy mulūk al-ard, op. cit., vol. II, p. 83
96. The security which the king guaranteed for his kinsmen is referred to in a verse by the poet 'Arnr b. Kalthūm: Al-Tabrīzī, Sharh al-mu allaqāt, (ed. Cairo, n.d.), p. 217
97. Abū Zayd al-Qurashī, Jamharat ash'ār al-arab (ed. Cairo, 1308 a.h.), p. 77
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103. al-Damīrī, Hayāt al-hayawān (ed. Cairo, 1309 a.h.), vol. II, pp. 339-340
104. Kamāl Abdul-Fattah, Mountain Farmer and Fellah in 'Asīr, Southwest Arabia, Erlangen, 1981, pp. 55-62
105. On the institution of himä in Jahiliyya and early Islam see: Loαkkegaard, F., Islamic Taxation in the Classic Period, Copenhagen, 1950, p. 21
106. Al-Masūdi, Murūj al-dhahab, (ed. and translated into French by B. de Maynard, Paris, 1861-1877), vol. III, p. 210
107. Abū al-Baqā, p. 436
108. Al-Aghān̄i, vol. VIII, p. 65
109. Nashwat al-tarab, vol. I, pp. 246-247
110. Al-Aghānī, vol. X, p. 12
111. Abū al-Fidā, al-Mukhtasar (ed. Beirut, n.d.), vol. I, p. 78
112. Ibn al-Wardī, Tatimmat al-Mukhtasar (ed. A. al-Badrāwī, Beirut, 1970), vol. I, p. 107
113. Al-Naqāid, p. 66, 299
114. Thimār al-qulūb, p. 184
115. Donner, Thimār al-qulūb, op. cit., p. 47
116. Ibn Rusta, al-A'lāq al-nafisa (ed. Beirut, n.d.), p. 177
117. Al-Suhaylī, Thimār al-qulūb, op. cit., vol. II, pp. 358-359
118. al-Munammaq, pp. 178-180
119. al-Fāsī, Shifā' al-gharām (ed. Abd al-Salam al-Tadmurī), Beirut, 1985, p. 171
120. idem, al-'Iqd al-thamīn (ed. Fuād Sayyid, Cairo, 1965), vol. I, p. 153
121. Rasāil al-Jāhiz, vol. I, pp. 182-187
122. Tabarī, vol. III, pp. 283-284
123. al-Hamdā;nī, Mukhtasar kitāb al-bulaān, (ed. Beirut, 1988), p. 21
124. al-Kāmil, vol. I, p. 256
125. al-Aghānī, vol. VIII, p. 64
126. Some examples may be found in: Diwān al-Farazdaq, vol. I, p. 321, 323
127. Abu al- Baqā, p. 442,443. 5D, pp. 527-531
128. al-Qalqashandi, al-Naqāid, op. cit., vol. I, pp. 378-379
129. Bashshār b. Burd, Dīwān Bashshār (ed. M. Āshūr, M. Fath Allah and M. Amīn, Cairo, 1950), vol. I,. 317
130. Ibn 'Asākir, Tadhīb tārīkh Dimashq (ed. A. Badran, 3rd ed., Beirut, 1979), vol. X, p. 246