Signs of sex: what we know and how we know it

Trends in Ecology and Evolution

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 208-217

  Schurko, Andrew M ^a   Neiman, Maurine ^a   Logsdon Jr , John M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; SEXUAL REPRODUCTION; TAXONOMY;

ANIMAL; REPRODUCTION; REVIEW; SPECIES DIFFERENCE;

ANIMALS; REPRODUCTION; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

EID: 62849115968     PISSN: 01695347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2008.11.010     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Dacks J., and Roger A.J. The first sexual lineage and the relevance of facultative sex. J. Mol. Evol. 48 (1999) 779-783
2. Ramesh M.A., et al. A phylogenomic inventory of meiotic genes: evidence for sex in Giardia and an early eukaryotic origin of meiosis. Curr. Biol. 15 (2005) 185-191
3. Maynard Smith J. The Evolution of Sex (1978), Cambridge University Press
4. Williams G.C. Sex and Evolution (1975), Princeton University Press
5. Bell G. The Masterpiece of Nature: The Evolution and Genetics of Sexuality (1982), University of California Press
6. Nunney L. The maintenance of sex by group selection. Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution 43 (1989) 245-257
7. Kondrashov A.S. Classification of hypotheses on the advantage of amphimixis. J. Hered. 84 (1993) 372-387
8. de Visser J.A.G.M., and Elena S.F. The evolution of sex: empirical insights into the roles of epistasis and drift. Nat. Rev. Genet. 8 (2007) 139-149
9. Hadany L., and Comeron J.M. Why are sex and recombination so common?. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1133 (2008) 26-43
10. Normark B.B., et al. Genomic signatures of ancient asexual lineages. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 79 (2003) 69-84
11. Martens K., et al. How ancient are ancient asexuals?. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 270 (2003) 723-729
12. Mark Welch D., and Meselson M. Evidence for the evolution of bdelloid rotifers without sexual reproduction or genetic exchange. Science 288 (2000) 1211-1215
13. Judson O.P., and Normark B.B. Ancient asexual scandals. Trends Ecol. Evol. 11 (1996) 41-46
14. Heethoff M., et al. High genetic divergences indicate ancient separation of parthenogenetic lineages of the oribatid mite Platynothrus peltifer (Acari, Oribatida). J. Evol. Biol. 20 (2007) 392-402
15. Maynard Smith J. Evolution: contemplating life without sex. Nature 324 (1986) 300-301
16. Neiman M., and Lively C.M. Male New Zealand mud snails (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) persist in copulating with asexual and parasitically castrated females. Am. Mid. Nat. 154 (2005) 88-96
17. Palmer S.C., and Norton R.A. Taxonomic, geographic and seasonal distribution of thelytokous parthenogenesis in the Desmonomata (Acari: Oribatida). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 12 (1991) 67-81
18. Stelzer C.-P. Obligate asex in a rotifer and the role of sexual signals. J. Evol. Biol. 21 (2008) 287-293
19. Birky Jr. C.W. Heterozygosity, heteromorphy, and phylogenetic trees in asexual eukaryotes. Genetics 144 (1996) 427-437
20. Blackman R.L., et al. High diversity of structurally heterozygous karyotypes and rDNA arrays in parthenogenetic aphids of the genus Trama (Aphididae: Lachninae). Heredity 84 (2000) 254-260
21. Normark B.B. Evolution in a putatively ancient asexual aphid lineage: recombination and rapid karyotype change. Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution 53 (1999) 1458-1469
22. Triantaphyllou A.C. Oogenesis and the chromosomes of the parthenogenetic root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. J. Nematol. 13 (1981) 95-104
23. Schwander T., and Crespi B.J. Multiple direct transitions from sexual reproduction to apomictic parthenogenesis in Timema stick insects. Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution 63 (2009) 84-103
24. Mark Welch J.L., and Meselson M. Karyotypes of bdelloid rotifers from three families. Hydrobiologia 387/388 (1998) 403-407
25. Sunnucks P., et al. Microsatellite and chromosome evolution of parthenogenetic Sitobion aphids in Australia. Genetics 144 (1996) 747-756
26. Burt A., et al. Molecular markers reveal cryptic sex in the human pathogen Coccidioides immitis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93 (1996) 770-773
27. Halkett F., et al. Tackling the population genetics of clonal and partially clonal organisms. Trends Ecol. Evol. 20 (2005) 194-201
28. Barr C.M., et al. Inheritance and recombination of mitochondrial genomes in plants, fungi and animals. New Phytol. 168 (2005) 39-50
29. Schön I., et al. Persistence of asexuality through mixed reproduction in Eucypris virens (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Heredity 84 (2000) 161-169
30. Schön I., et al. Slow molecular evolution in an ancient asexual ostracod. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 265 (1998) 235-242
31. Schön I., et al. Evolution in the slow lane: molecular rates of evolution in sexual and asexual ostracods (Crustacea: Ostracoda). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 79 (2003) 93-100
32. Bogart J.P., et al. Unisexual salamanders (genus Ambystoma) present a new reproductive mode for eukaryotes. Genome 50 (2007) 119-136
33. Delmotte F., et al. Phylogenetic evidence for hybrid origins of asexual lineages in an aphid species. Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution 57 (2003) 1291-1303
34. Innes D.J., and Hebert P.D.N. The origin and genetic basis of obligate parthenogenesis in Daphnia pulex. Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution 42 (1988) 1024-1035
35. Johnson S.G. Geographic ranges, population structure, and ages of sexual and parthenogenetic snail lineages. Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution 60 (2006) 1417-1426
36. Ó Foighil D., and Smith M.J. Evolution of asexuality in the cosmopolitan marine clam Lasaea. Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution 49 (1995) 140-150
37. Rosendahl S., and Taylor J.W. Development of multiple genetic markers for studies of genetic variation in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using AFLP. Mol. Ecol. 6 (1997) 821-829
38. Stukenbrock E.H., and Rosendahl S. Clonal diversity and population genetic structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus spp.) studied by multilocus genotyping of single spores. Mol. Ecol. 14 (2005) 743-752
39. Mark Welch D.B., et al. Evidence for degenerate tetraploidy in bdelloid rotifers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105 (2008) 5145-5149
40. Lunt D. Genetic tests of ancient asexuality in root knot nematodes reveal recent hybrid origins. BMC Evol. Biol. 8 (2008) 194
41. Taylor D.J., and Ó Foighil D. Transglobal comparisons of nuclear and mitochondrial genetic structure in a marine polyploid clam (Lasaea, Lasaeidae). Heredity 84 (2000) 321-330
42. Morrison H.G., et al. Genomic minimalism in the early diverging intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia. Science 317 (2007) 1921-1926
43. Schaefer I., et al. No evidence for the 'Meselson effect' in parthenogenetic oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari). J. Evol. Biol. 19 (2006) 184-193
44. Mueller U.G., et al. The evolution of agriculture in ants. Science 281 (1998) 2034-2038
45. Signorovitch A.Y., et al. Molecular signatures for sex in the Placozoa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102 (2005) 15518-15522
46. Hurst L.D., and Peck J.R. Recent advances in understanding of the evolution and maintenance of sex. Trends Ecol. Evol. 11 (1996) A46-A52
47. Schön I., and Martens K. DNA repair in ancient asexuals - a new solution to an old problem?. J. Nat. Hist. 32 (1998) 943-948
48. Omilian A.R., et al. Ameiotic recombination in asexual lineages of Daphnia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103 (2006) 18638-18643
49. Chaplin J.A., and Hebert P.D.N. Cyprinotus incongruens (Ostracoda): an ancient asexual?. Mol. Ecol. 6 (1997) 155-168
50. Wrensch D.L., et al. Cytogenetics of holokinetic chromosomes and inverted meiosis: keys to the evolutionary success of mites, with generalization on eukaryotes. In: Houck M.A. (Ed). Mites: Ecological and Evolutionary Analyses of Life-History Patterns (1994), Chapman and Hall 282-343
51. Viera A., et al. Inverted meiosis: the true bugs as a model to study. In: Benavente R., and Volff J.-N. (Eds). Meiosis, Genome Dynamics Vol. 5 (2009), Karger 137-156
52. Arkhipova I., and Meselson M. Deleterious transposable elements and the extinction of asexuals. Bioessays 27 (2004) 76-85
53. Hickey D.A. Selfish DNA: a sexually-transmitted nuclear parasite. Genetics 101 (1982) 519-531
54. Dolgin E.S., and Charlesworth B. The fate of transposable elements in asexual populations. Genetics 174 (2006) 817-827
55. Docking T.R., et al. Retrotransposon sequence variation in four asexual plant species. J. Mol. Evol. 62 (2006) 375-387
56. Arkhipova I., and Meselson M. Transposable elements in sexual and ancient asexual taxa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97 (2000) 14473-14477
57. Gladyshev E.A., and Arkhipova I. Telomere-associated endonuclease-deficient Penelope-like retroelements in diverse eukaryotes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104 (2007) 9352-9357
58. Gladyshev E.A., et al. A deep-branching clade of retrovirus-like transposons in bdelloid rotifers. Gene 390 (2007) 136-145
59. Arkhipova I.R., and Morrison H.G. Three retrotransposon families in the genome of Giardia lamblia: two telomeric, one dead. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 (2001) 14497-14502
60. Gollotte A., et al. Repetitive DNA sequences include retrotransposons in genomes of the Glomeromycota. Genetica 128 (2006) 455-469
61. Schön I., and Arkhipova I.R. Two families of non-LTR retrotransposons, Syrinx and Daphne, from the darwinulid ostracod, Darwinula stevensoni. Gene 371 (2006) 296-307
62. Hall A.R., and Colegrave N. Decay of unused characters by selection and drift. J. Evol. Biol. 21 (2008) 610-617
63. Lynch M., and Conery J.S. The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes. Science 290 (2000) 1151-1155
64. Schurko A.M., and Logsdon Jr. J.M. Using a meiosis detection toolkit to investigate ancient asexual "scandals" and the evolution of sex. Bioessays 30 (2008) 579-589
65. Casselton L.A. Fungal sex genes - searching for the ancestors. Bioessays 30 (2008) 711-714
66. Mandel M.A., et al. Genomic and population analyses of the mating type loci in Coccidioides species reveal evidence for sexual reproduction and gene acquisition. Eukaryot. Cell 6 (2007) 1189-1199
67. Woo P.C., et al. Genomic and experimental evidence for a potential sexual cycle in the pathogenic thermal dimorphic fungus Penicillium marneffei. FEBS Lett. 580 (2006) 3409-3416
68. Cottee P.A., et al. Characterization of major sperm protein genes and their expression in Oesophagostomum dentatum (Nematoda: Strongylida). Parasitology 129 (2004) 479-490
69. Malik S.B., et al. An expanded inventory of conserved meiotic genes provides evidence for sex in Trichomonas. PLoS ONE 3 (2008) 2879
70. Forche A., et al. The parasexual cycle in Candida albicans provides an alternative pathway to meiosis for the formation of recombinant strains. PLoS Biol. 6 (2008) e110
71. Watkins R.F., and Gray M.W. Sampling gene diversity across the supergroup Amoebozoa: large EST data sets from Acanthamoeba castellanii, Hartmannella vermiformis, Physarum polycephalum, Hyperamoeba dachnaya and Hyperamoeba sp. Protist 159 (2008) 269-281
72. Malik S.B., et al. Protist homologs of the meiotic Spo11 gene and topoisomerase VI reveal an evolutionary history of gene duplication and lineage-specific loss. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24 (2007) 2827-2841
73. Mikheyev A.S., et al. Cryptic sex and many-to-one coevolution in the fungus-growing ant symbiosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103 (2006) 10702-10706
74. James T.Y., et al. Reconstructing the early evolution of Fungi using a six-gene phylogeny. Nature 443 (2006) 818-822
75. Epstein S., and Lopez-Garcia P. "Missing" protists: a molecular perspective. Biodivers. Conserv. 17 (2008) 261-276
76. Yoon H.S., et al. Broadly sampled multigene trees of eukaryotes. BMC Evol. Biol. 8 (2008) 14
77. Dunn C.W., et al. Broad phylogenomic sampling improves resolution of the animal tree of life. Nature 452 (2008) 745-749
78. Bernander R., et al. Genome ploidy in different stages of the Giardia lamblia life cycle. Cell. Microbiol. 3 (2001) 55-62
79. Tibayrenc M., et al. Are eukaryotic microorganisms clonal or sexual - a population genetics vantage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88 (1991) 5129-5133
80. Cooper M.A., et al. Population genetics provides evidence for recombination in Giardia. Curr. Biol. 17 (2007) 1984-1988
81. Poxleitner M.K., et al. Evidence for karyogamy and exchange of genetic material in the binucleate intestinal parasite Giardia intestinalis. Science 319 (2008) 1530-1533
82. Charlesworth D., et al. Mutation accumulation in finite outbreeding and inbreeding populations. Genet. Res. 61 (1993) 39-56
83. Haddrill P.R., et al. Reduced efficacy of selection in regions of the Drosophila genome that lack crossing over. Genome Biol. 8 (2007) R18
84. Posada D., and Crandall K.A. Evaluation of methods for detecting recombination from DNA sequences: computer simulations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98 (2001) 13757-13762
85. Belshaw R., et al. Molecular markers indicate rare sex in a predominantly asexual parasitoid wasp. Evolution Int. J. Org. Evolution 53 (1999) 1189-1199
86. Boyle J.P., et al. Just one cross appears capable of dramatically altering the population biology of a eukaryotic pathogen like Toxoplasma gondii. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103 (2006) 10514-10519
87. Su C., et al. Recent expansion of Toxoplasma through enhanced oral transmission. Science 299 (2003) 414-416
88. Fraser J.A., et al. Same-sex mating and the origin of the Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gattii outbreak. Nature 437 (2005) 1360-1364
89. Gladyshev E.A., and Meselson M. Extreme resistance of bdelloid rotifers to ionizing radiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105 (2008) 5139-5144
90. Ladle R.J., et al. Coevolutionary dynamics of sex in a metapopulation: escaping the Red Queen. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 253 (1993) 155-160
91. Neiman, M. and Koskella, B. Sex and the Red Queen. In Lost Sex (Martens, K. and Van Dijk, P., eds), Springer Academic (in press)
92. Pouchkina-Stantcheva N.N., et al. Functional divergence of former alleles in an ancient asexual invertebrate. Science 318 (2007) 268-271
93. Gladyshev E.A., et al. Massive horizontal gene transfer in bdelloid rotifers. Science 320 (2008) 1210-1213
94. Shimizu K.K., et al. Darwinian selection on a selfing locus. Science 306 (2004) 2081-2084
95. Moritz C., et al. Genetic diversity and the dynamics of hybrid parthenogenesis in Cnemidophorus (Teiidae) and Heteronotia (Gekkonidae). In: Dawley R.M., and Bogart J.P. (Eds). Evolution and Ecology of Unisexual Vertebrates (1989), New York State Museum 87-112
96. Aguin-Pombo D., et al. Multiple parthenoforms of Empoasca leafhoppers from Madeira Island: where are these unisexual forms coming from?. J. Hered. 97 (2006) 171-176
97. Weeks A.R., and Breeuwer J.A. Wolbachia-induced parthenogenesis in a genus of phytophagous mites. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 268 (2001) 2245-2251