Sweden: Detention and deportation of asylum seekers

Race and Class

Volumn 50, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 38-56

  Khosravi, Shahram ^a  

^a STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Criminalisation of migration; Human rights of foreign nationals; Immigration imprisonment; Representation of asylum seekers

Indexed keywords

EID: 62849107633     PISSN: 03063968     EISSN: 17413125     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0306396809102996     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. L. B., personal communication, April 2005, Stockholm.
2. K. P., personal communication, May 2005, Stockholm.
3. Dagens Nyheter (3 June 2004).
4. Myron Weiner, International Migration and Security (Boulder, CO, Westview Press, 1993). John Tirman, The Maze of Fear: security and migration after 9/11 ( New York, New Press, 2004 ).
5. Nicholas De Genova, 'Migrant illegality and deportability in everyday life', Annual Review of Anthropology (Vol. 31, 2002). pp. 419-47.
6. Liza Schuster and Michael Welch, 'Detention of asylum seekers in the UK and USA: deciphering noisy and quiet constructions', Punishment & Society (Vol. 7, no. 4, 2005). pp. 397-417.
7. Jonathan Simon, Governing Through Crime: how the war on crime transformed American democracy and created a culture of fear (New York, Oxford University Press, 2007). See also Nikolas Rose, Powers of Freedom: reframing political thought (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 259.
8. Anna Pratt, Securing Borders: detention and deportation in Canada (Vancouver, University of British Columbia Press, 2005). p. 1.
9. Jonathan Xavier Inda, Targeting Immigrants: government, technology and ethics ( Oxford, Blackwell, 2006 ).
10. Achille Mbembe, 'Necropolitics', Public Culture (Vol. 15, no. 1, 2003), pp. 11-40; Suvendrini Perera, 'They give evidence: bodies, borders and the disappeared', Social Identities (Vol. 12, no. 6, 2006), pp. 637-56; Prem Kumar Rajaram and Carl Grundy-Warr, 'The irregular migrant as homo sacer: migration and detention in Australia, Malaysia and Thailand', International Migration (Vol. 42, no. 1, 2004), p. 38.
11. Dagens Nyheter (16 March 2006).
12. Migrationsverket ¥rsredovisning (2006).
13. F örvarsverksamheten vid Migrationsverket: Gemensamma riktlinjer, standarder och rutiner (DNR: MAL111-2006-346), p. 6.
14. The Dublin Convention, which came into effect in 1997, laid down rules based on the principle of the first country of asylum.
15. National Police Board, Stockholm.
16. K. R., senior officer at the Migration Board, personal communication, 26 January 2007, Stockholm.
17. Liz Fekete, They are Children Too: a study of Europe's deportation policies (London, Institute of Race Relations, 2007). p. 24.
18. Migrationsverkets faktablad om f örvar och uppsikt (2007).
19. Jacques Derrida, Acts of Religion ( New York, Routledge, 2002 ).
20. Michel Foucault, 'The subject and power', in Hubert Dreyfus and Paul Rabinow, Michel Foucault: beyond structuralism and hermeneutics ( Chicago, Chicago University Press, 1983 ).
21. F örvarsverksamheten vid Migrationsverket: Gemensamma riktlinjer, standarder och rutiner (DNR: MAL111-2006-346), p. 13.
22. Margaret S. Malloch and Elizabeth Stanley, 'The detention of asylum seekers in the UK: representing risk, managing the dangerous', Punishment & Society (Vol. 7, no. 1, 2005). pp. 53-71.
23. Anders Sundquist, Swedish Refugee Advice Centre, personal communication, 20 April 2007, Stockholm.
24. Sveriges Radio (17 February 2005).
25. See
26. Mark Dow, 'Designed to punish: immigrant detention and deportation', Social Research (Vol. 74, no. 2, 2007). p. 537.
27. B. H. personal communication, 4 December 2006, Migrationsverket, Solna.
28. Dow, op. cit., p. 534.
29. Tomas Hammar, Sverige ¥t svenskarna: invandringspolitik, utl Currency signnningskontroll och asylr Currency signtt 1900-1932 (Stockholm, Caslon, 1964); Mikael Bystr öm, En Broder: g Currency signst och parasit (Stockholm, Stockholm University, 2006).
30. Aftonbladet (29 April 2007).
31. K. R., senior Migration Board officer, personal communication, 4 December 2006, Solna.
32. Stanley Cohen, Folk Devils and Moral Panics (London, Routlegde, 2002); see also Pratt, op. cit.
33. The connection between criminality and irregular migrants and asylum seekers is clearly revealed in inquiries undertaken by the South Region Migration Board in 2003, as well as by the Stockholm police authority in 2002. Gr Currency signnskontrollag - effektivare gr Currency signnskontroll (Stockholm, Fritzes, 2004), pp. 304-5; see also Karin Norman, 'Equality and exclusion: racism in a Swedish town', Ethnos (Vol. 69, no. 2, 2004), pp. 204-28.
34. Janne Flyhed, 'Crime-control in the post-wall era: the menace of security', Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention (No. 6, 2005). pp. 165-82.
35. Pratt, op. cit., p. 18.
36. Ulrich Beck, Risk Society: towards a new modernity ( London, Sage, 1992 ).
37. Engin F. Isin, Being Political: genealogies of citizenship (Minneapolis, University of Minnesota, 2002). Audrey Macklin, 'Who is the citizen's other? Considering the heft of citizenship', Theoretical Inquiries in Law (No. 8, 2007). pp. 475-508.
38. Rose, op. cit., p. 259.
39. Shahram Khosravi, 'Territorialiserad m Currency signnsklighet: irregulj Currency signra immigranter och det nakna livet', in Paulina de los Reyes (ed.), V Currency signlf Currency signrdens gr Currency signnser: ett villkorat medborgarskap i diskrimineringens skugga (Stockholm, SOU, 2006). p. 37.
40. Aihwa Ong, Flexible Citizenship: the cultural logics of transnationality ( Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 1999 ).
41. Inda, op. cit., p. 177.
42. Shahram Khosravi, 'Manlighet i exil: genus och etnicitet bland iranska men i Sverige', in Lena Gerholm and Simon Ekstr öm (eds), Orienten i Sverige: samtida m öten och gr Currency signnssnitt ( Lund, Studentlitteratur, 2006 ).
43. Kyrkans Tidning (11 October 2007).
44. See
45. Swedish Security Service, ¥rsbok (2005 and 2006).
46. Parliamentary ombudsmen, registration number: 2169-2004 (22 March 2005).
47. See
48. China, Iran, Pakistan, Syria, Russia, Ukraine, Serbia, Kenya, Turkey and Thailand.
49. K. R., senior officer at the Migration Board, personal communication, 26 January 2007, Stockholm.
50. Giorgio Agamben, 'We refugees', Symposium (Vol. 49, no. 2, 1995). pp. 114-9.
51. Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger: an analysis of concepts of pollution and taboo ( London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966 ).
52. Liisa Malkki, 'Refugees and exile: from "refugee studies" to the national order of things', Annual Review of Anthropology (No. 24, 1995). pp. 495-523.
53. Victor W. Turner, The Forest of Symbols: aspects of Ndembu ritual (Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 1967). p. 97.
54. See also
55. Parliamentary Ombudsmen, Nils-Olof Berggren, diary number: 162-2006 (7 June 2006).
56. Parliamentary Ombudsmen, Nils-Olof Berggren Ibid.
57. Here I am responding to Nathalie Peutz's call for an 'anthropology of removal' that would track the responses and narratives of deportees adjusting to their new, unchosen locations. See 'Embarking on an anthropology of removal', Current Anthropology (Vol. 47, no. 2, April 2006).
58. Zygmunt Bauman, Wasted Lives: modernity and its outcasts (London, Polity, 2004). p. 33.
59. Jonathan Simon, 'Refugees in a carceral age: the rebirth of immigration prisons in the United States', Public Culture (Vol. 10, no. 3, 1998). pp. 577-607.
60. Jonathan Simon, 'Refugees in a carceral age: the rebirth of immigration prisons in the United States', Public Culture Ibid., p. 603.
61. Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punishment: the birth of the prison (London, Allen Lane, 1977);
62. Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality: an introduction (New York, Vintage Books, 1990).
63. Mbembe, op. cit.
64. Dow, op. cit., p. 534.
65. Franz Kafka, Metamorphosis and Other Stories (New York, Barnes & Noble, 2003 [1914]); Pratt, op. cit., pp. 212-3; see also Giorgio Agamben, Homo Sacer: sovereign power and bare life (Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1998), pp. 49-50.
66. Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism ( New York, Harcourt, 1968 ).
67. Étienne Balibar, Politics and its Other Scene ( New York, Verso, 2002 ).