Progress towards recombinant anti-infective antibodies

Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-17

  Pai, Jennifer C ^a   Sutherland, Jamie N ^a   Maynard, Jennifer A ^a  

^a The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

Author keywords

Anthrax; Anti toxin; Anti viral; Antibody engineering; Botulism; Clostridia; Immune sera; Neutralizing antibody; Oligoclonal; Passive immunization; Polyclonal; RSV; Targeted delivery; Toxins

Indexed keywords

ABTHRAX; ALTASTAPH; ANTHIM; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; AUROGRAB; BAVITUXIMAB; CD4 IMMUNOGLOBULIN G2; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS ANTIBODY; ETI 204; ETI 211; IBALIZUMAB; MDX 066; MDX 1303; MDX 1388; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; MOTAVIZUMAB; MYCOGRAB; NATALIZUMAB; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; PALIVIZUMAB; PRO 140; RAXIBACUMAB; RECOMBINANT ANTIBODY; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS ANTIBODY; RIBAVIRIN; SEVIRUMAB; SHIGAMAB; TEFIBAZUMAB; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALORTIM; VERONATE; ANTIBODY; RECOMBINANT PROTEIN;

ANTHRAX; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ANTIBODY DEPENDENT CELLULAR CYTOTOXICITY; ANTIBODY ENGINEERING; ANTIBODY SPECIFICITY; ANTIGEN BINDING; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; ARENAVIRUS; AVIAN INFLUENZA; BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CANDIDIASIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION; DRUG APPROVAL; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG TARGETING; EPITOPE MAPPING; ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTION; FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION; HEPATITIS A VIRUS; HEPATITIS B VIRUS; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION; INFECTION PREVENTION; INFLUENZA VIRUS A H5N1; NONHUMAN; PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION; PATENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL PNEUMOVIRUS; RETINITIS; REVIEW; SARS CORONAVIRUS; SHIGA TOXIN PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; SMALLPOX VIRUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION; VIRUS INFECTION; WEST NILE FLAVIVIRUS; PROTEIN ENGINEERING;

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; ANTIBODIES; EPITOPE MAPPING; PROTEIN ENGINEERING; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS;

EID: 62749189960     PISSN: 1574891X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/157489109787236319     Document Type: Review

References (204)

1. Casadevall AE, Dadachova E, Pirofski LA. Passive antibody therapy for infectious diseases. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004; 2(9): 695-703.
2. Zeitlin L, Cone RA, Moench TR, Whaley KJ. Preventing infectious disease with passive immunization. Microbes Infect 2000; 2(6): 701-708.
3. McCarthy B. Antivirals - an increasingly healthy investment. Nature Biotechnology 2007; 25(12): 1390-1393.
4. Marasco WA, Sui J, The growth and potential of human antiviral monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Nat Biotechnol 2007 25(12): 1421-1434.
5. Castilla VM, Contigiani, Mersich SE. Inhibition of cell fusion in junin virus-infected cells by sera from argentine hemorrhagic fever patients. J Clin Virol 2005; 32(4): 286-288.
6. Dadachova E, Casadevall A. Host and microbial cells as targets for armed antibodies in the treatment of infectious diseases. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 9(2): 184-188.
7. Baldridge JR, Buchmeier MJ. Mechanisms of antibody-mediated protection against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection: Mother-to-baby transfer of humoral protection. J Virol 1992;66(7): 4252-4257.
8. Thorpe, P.E., Soares, M.M., Ran, S.: US20087455833 (2008).
9. Soares MM, King SW, Thorpe PE. Targeting inside-out phosphatidylserine as a therapeutic strategy for viral diseases. Nat Med 2008; 14(12): 1357-1362.
10. De Re, V., Simula, M.P., Caggiari, L., Gloghini, A.: US20080248042 ( 2008).
11. Sia IG, Patel R. New strategies for prevention and therapy of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in solid-organ transplant recipients. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000; 13(1): 83-121.
12. Keler, T., Lowy, I., Vitale, L.A., Blanset, D., Srinivasan, M.: US20087456264 (2008).
13. Morrow, P. R., Kang, A.S., Wang, F., Jiang, I., Sawada, R., Scholz, W., Morrow, J.: US20080081042A1 (2008).
14. Harvey, B.R., Georgiou, G., Iverson, B.L.: US20086916474 (2008).
15. Ambrosino, D., Babcock, G.J., Broering, T., Graziano, R., Hernandez, H.J., Lowy, I., Mandell, R., Molrine, D., Thomas. W.D., Zhang, H.-F.: US20050287150 (2005).
16. Ostberg, L.G.: US20085750106 (2008).
17. Stinson, J.R., Wong, H., O'brien, A.D., Schmitt, C.K., Melton-Celsa, A.: US20070160607 (2007).
18. Smith, M., Melton-celsa, A., O'brien, A.: US20070292426A1 (2007).
19. Fung, S.C.: US 20060121480 (2006).
20. Patti, J.M., Foster, T.J., Hook, M.: US20086692739 (2008).
21. Horwith, G., Fattom, A.I.: US20060153857A1 (2006).
22. Burnie, J.P., Matthews, R.C.: US20070202116A1 (2007).
23. Patti, J.M., Hutchins, J.T., Domanski, P., Patel, P., Hall, A.: US20056979446 (2005).
24. Stinson, J.R., Schuman, R.F., Mond, J.J., Lees, A., Fischer, G.W. US20080019976A1 (2008).
25. Borucki MJ, Spritzler J, Asmuth DM, et al. A phase ii, double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of a human monoclonal anti-cytomegalovirus antibody (MSL-109) in combination with standard therapy versus standard therapy alone in the treatment of aids patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis. Antiviral Res 2004. 64(2): 103-111.
26. Makler, O., Reiter, Y.: WO2008120203 (2008).
27. Xia, N., Chen, Y., GE, S., Luo, W., Zhang, J.: WO2007089753 (2007).
28. Fern, H.Y., Yun, D.Q., Fang, H.: WO2008140415 (2008).
29. Van Den, B.E.N., De Kruif, C.A., Throsby, M.: WO2008028946 (2008).
30. Throsby M, van den Brink E, Jongeneelen, et al. Heterosubtypic neutralizing monoclonal antibodies cross-protective against h5n1 and h1n1 recovered from human igm+ memory b cells. PLoS ONE 2008; 3(12): 3942.
31. Dickson RC, Terrault NA, Ishitani M, et al. Protective antibody levels and dose requirements for iv 5% nabi hepatitis B immune globulin combined with lamivudine in liver transplantation for hepatitis B-induced end stage liver disease. Liver Transpl 2006; 12(1): 124-133.
32. Xu XN, Screaton GR. Mhc/peptide tetramer-based studies of T cell function. J Immunol Methods 2002; 268(1): 21-28.
33. Schofield, D.J., Emerson, S.U., Purcell, R.H.: WO2006076640 (2006).
34. Cormier EG, Tsamis F, Kajumo F, Durso RJ, Gardner JP, Dragic T. Cd81 is an entry coreceptor for hepatitis C virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101(19): 7270-7244.
35. Callens, N, Y Ciczora, Bartosch B, et al. Basic residues in hypervariable region 1 of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein e2 contribute to virus entry. J Virol 2005; 79(24): 15331-15341.
36. Broering, T., Sloan, S., Babcock, G. J., Ambrosino, D., Thomas, W.D.: WO2008108918A1 (2008).
37. Nagashima, K.A., Olson, W.C., Maddon, P.J., Koduri, R., Donovan, G.P.: Tsurushita, N., Tso, J., Kumar, S.: WO2007143701 (2007).
38. Nagashima, K., Andjelic, S., Olson, W.: WO2008079890A1 (2008).
39. Depla, E., Purcell, R., Bukh, J., Emerson, S.U., Meunier, J.-C.: WO2007111965 (2007).
40. Nikonov A, Juronen E, Ustav M. Functional characterization of fingers subdomain-specific monoclonal antibodies inhibiting the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Biol Chem 2008;283(35): 24089-24102.
41. Ray N, Doms RW. HIV-1 coreceptors and their inhibitors. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2006;303: 97-120.
42. Burton DR, Desrosiers RC, Doms RW, et al. HIV vaccine design and the neutralizing antibody problem. Nat Immunol 2004; 5(3): 233-236.
43. Chen W, Zhu Z, Feng Y, Dimitrov DS. Human domain antibodies to conserved sterically restricted regions on gp120 as exceptionally potent cross-reactive HIV-1 neutralizers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105(44): 17121-17126.
44. Zhang MY, Vu BK, Choudhary A, et al. Cross-reactive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody that recognizes a novel conformational epitope on gp41 and lacks reactivity against self-antigens. J Virol 2008; 82(14): 6869-6879.
45. Murga JD, Franti M, Pevear DC, Maddon PJ, Olson WC. Potent antiviral synergy between monoclonal antibody and small-molecule ccr5 inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50(10): 3289-3296.
46. Olson, W.C., Maddon, P.J., Pevear, D.C., Israel, R.J., Murga, J.D.: WO2007014114A2 (2007).
47. Ji C, Zhang J, Dioszegi M, et al. Ccr5 small-molecule antagonists and monoclonal antibodies exert potent synergistic antiviral effects by cobinding to the receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 72(1): 18-288.
48. Kopetzki E, Jekle A, Ji C, et al. Closing two doors of viral entry: Intramolecular combination of a coreceptor- and fusion inhibitor of HIV-1. Virol J 2008; 5: 56.
49. Kuhne, M., Brams, P., Tanamachi, D.M., Korman, A., Cardarelli, J.M.: WO2008060367A2 (2008).
50. Arthos, J., Goode, D., Cicala, C., Fauci, A.: WO2008140602A2 (2008).
51. Arthos J, Cicala C, Martinelli E, et al. HIV-1 envelope protein binds to and signals through integrin alpha4beta7, the gut mucosal homing receptor for peripheral t cells. Nat Immunol 2008; 9(3): 301-9.
52. DeVincenzo J. Passive antibody prophylaxis for rsv. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008; 27(1): 69-70.
53. Wu H, Pfarr DS, Tang Y, et al. Ultra-potent antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus: Effects of binding kinetics and binding valence on viral neutralization. J Mol Biol 2005; 350(1): 126-144.
54. Wu H, Pfarr DS, Johnson S, et al. Development of motavizumab, an ultra-potent antibody for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the upper and lower respiratory tract. J Mol Biol 2007; 368(3): 652-665.
55. DeVincenzo JP, Hall CB, Kimberlin DW, et al. Surveillance of clinical isolates of respiratory syncytial virus for palivizumab (synagis)-resistant mutants. J Infect Dis 2004;190(5): 975-978.
56. Brams, P., Morrow, P.R.: US20070082002A1 (2007).
57. Prince, G., Johnson, L.S.: US20070224204A1 (2007).
58. Lau SK, Che XY, Woo PC, et al. SARS coronavirus detection methods. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11(7):1108-1111.
59. Booth TF, Kournikakis B, Bastien N, et al. Detection of airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and environmental contamination in SARS outbreak units. J Infect Dis 2005; 191(9): 1472-1477.
60. Buchholz UJ, Bukreyev A, Yang L, et al. Contributions of the structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus to protective immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101(26): 9804-9809.
61. Hwang WC, Lin Y, Santelli E, et al. Structural basis of neutralization by a human anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome spike protein antibody, 80r. J Biol Chem 2006; 281(45): 34610-34616.
62. ter Meulen J, Bakker AB, van den Brink EN, et al. Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets. Lancet 2004; 363(9427): 2139-2141.
63. Sui J, Li W, Roberts A, et al. Evaluation of human monoclonal antibody 80r for immunoprophylaxis of severe acute respiratory syndrome by an animal study, epitope mapping, and analysis of spike variants. J Virol 2005; 79(10): 5900-5906.
64. Marasco, W., Sui, J.: WO2007044695A2 (2007).
65. Roberts A, Thomas WD, Guarner J, et al. Therapy with a severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody reduces disease severity and viral burden in golden syrian hamsters. J Infect Dis 2006;193(5): 685-692.
66. Ambrosino, D., Hernandez, H., Greenough, T., Luzuriaga, K., Somasundaran, M., Babcock, G.J., Thomas, W.D., Sullivan, J.: US20050069869A1 (2005).
67. Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y, Ohnishi K, Takemori T. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus: Application of monoclonal antibodies and development of an effective vaccine. Rev Med Virol 2006; 16(2): 117-131.
68. Yang ZY, Werner HC, Kong WP, et al. Evasion of antibody neutralization in emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102(3): 797-801.
69. Sui J, Aird DR, Tamin A, et al. Broadening of neutralization activity to directly block a dominant antibody-driven SARS - coronavirus evolution pathway. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4(11): 1000197.
70. Ter Meulen, J.H., Van Den, B.E.N., De Kruif, C.A., Goudsmit, J.: WO2006051091A1 (2006).
71. Jiang, S., He, Y.: US20060240551A1 (2006).
72. Babcook, J.S., Prabhakar, B.S., Coughlin, M.: US20080248043A1 (2008).
73. Meulen J, van den Brink EN, Poon LL, et al. Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: Synergy and coverage of escape mutants. PLoS Med 2006; 3(7): e237.
74. Crotty, S., Felgner, P.L., Davies, D.H.: US20087393533 (2008).
75. Davies DH, McCausland MM, Valdez C, et al. Vaccinia virus h3l envelope protein is a major target of neutralizing antibodies in humans and elicits protection against lethal challenge in mice. J Virol 2005; 79(18): 11724-11733.
76. Chen Z, Earl P, Americo J, et al. Chimpanzee/human MABS to vaccinia virus b5 protein neutralize vaccinia and smallpox viruses and protect mice against vaccinia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103(6): 1882-1887.
77. Kinet, J.-P., Jouvin, M.-H.: WO2008085551A2 (2008).
78. Yamamoto, S., Bower, D.J., Furuya, H., Yanase, H., Sargeant, S.J.: WO20080112959A2 (2008).
79. Chen, Z., Earl, P., Moss, B., Emerson, S.U.., Purcell, R.H.: WO2007075915A2 (2007).
80. Chen Z, Earl P, Americo J, et al. Characterization of chimpanzee/ human monoclonal antibodies to vaccinia virus a33 glycoprotein and its variola virus homolog in vitro and in a vaccinia virus mouse protection model. J Virol 2007; 81(17): 8989-8995.
81. Rasmussen, L. K., Frandsen, T., Rasmussen, S.K., Andersen, P.S.: WO2006007853A2 (2006).
82. Jensen, A., Lantto, J., Hansen, M.H., Rasmussen, L.K., Rasmussen, S.K., Steinaa, L.: US20080069822A1 (2008).
83. Delgado S, Erickson BR, Agudo R, et al. Chapare virus, a newly discovered arenavirus isolated from a fatal hemorrhagic fever case in bolivia. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4(4):1000047.
84. Borio L, Inglesby T, Peters CJ, et al. Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: Medical and public health management. Jama 2002; 287(18): 2391-2405.
85. Sanchez A, Pifat DY, Kenyon RH, Peters CJ, McCormick JB, Kiley MP. Junin virus monoclonal antibodies: Characterization and cross-reactivity with other arenaviruses. J Gen Virol 1989; 70(Pt 5): 1125-1132.
86. Frame JD, Verbrugge GP, Gill RG, Pinneo L, The use of lassa fever convalescent plasma in nigeria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1984; 78(3): 319-324.
87. Jahrling PB, Peters CJ. Passive antibody therapy of lassa fever in cynomolgus monkeys: Importance of neutralizing antibody and lassa virus strain. Infect Immun 1984. 44(2): 528-533.
88. Jahrling PB, Frame JD, Rhoderick JB, Monson MH, Endemic lassa fever in liberia. Iv. Selection of optimally effective plasma for treatment by passive immunization. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1985; 79(3): 380-4.
89. Parekh BS, Buchmeier MJ. Proteins of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: Antigenic topography of the viral glycoproteins. Virology 1986; 153(2): 168-178.
90. Wright, KE, MS Salvato, and MJ Buchmeier, Neutralizing epitopes of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus are conformational and require both glycosylation and disulfide bonds for expression. Virology 1989; 171(2): 417-426.
91. Fulhorst CF, Cajimat MN, Milazzo ML, et al. Genetic diversity between and within the arenavirus species indigenous to western venezuela. Virology 2008; 378(2): 205-213.
92. Planitzer CB, Modrof J, Kreil TR. West nile virus neutralization by us plasma-derived immunoglobulin products. J Infect Dis 2007; 196(3): 435-40.
93. Throsby M, Geuijen C, Goudsmit J, et al. Isolation and characterization of human monoclonal antibodies from individuals infected with west nile virus. J Virol 2006. 80(14): 6982-6992.
94. Throsby, M., De Kruif, C.A.: US20077244430 (2007).
95. Oliphant T, Engle M, Nybakken GE, et al. Development of a humanized monoclonal antibody with therapeutic potential against west nile virus. Nat Med 2005; 11(5): 522-530.
96. Diamond MS, Pierson TC, Fremont DH. The structural immunology of antibody protection against west nile virus. Immunol Rev 2008; 225(1): 212-225.
97. Pierson TC, Xu Q, Nelson S, et al. The stoichiometry of antibody-mediated neutralization and enhancement of west nile virus infection. Cell Host Microbe 2007; 1(2): 135-145.
98. Throsby, M., De Kruif, C.A.: US20070042359 (2007).
99. Throsby, M., De Kruif, C.A.: US20070122801 (2007).
100. Bhakdi S, Mannhardt U, Muhly M, Hugo F, Ronneberger H, Hungerer KD. Human hyperimmune globulin protects against the cytotoxic action of Staphylococcal alpha-toxin in vitro and in vivo. Infect Immun 1989; 57(10): 3214-3220.
101. Ourth DD, MacDonald AB. Neutralization of tetanus toxin by human and rabbit immunoglobulin classes and subunits. Immunology 1977; 33(6): 807-815.
102. Ourth DD. Neutralization of diphtheria toxin by human immunoglobulin classes and subunits. Immunochemistry 1974;11(5): 223-225.
103. Maynard JA, Maassen CB, Leppla SH, et al. Protection against anthrax toxin by recombinant antibody fragments correlates with antigen affinity. Nat Biotechnol 2002; 20(6): 597-601.
104. Harvey BR, Georgiou G, Hayhurst A, Jeong KJ, Iverson BL, Rogers GK. Anchored periplasmic expression, a versatile technology for the isolation of high-affinity antibodies from Escherichia coli-expressed libraries. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004; 101(25): 9193-9198.
105. Morrow, P.R., Morrow, J., Kang, A.S., Wang, F., Jiang, I., Sawada, R., Scholz, W.: US20060246079A1 (2006).
106. Xiao X, Dimitrov DS. Monoclonal antibodies against viruses and bacteria: A survey of patents. Recent Patents Anti-Infect Drug Disc 2007; 2(3): 171-177.
107. Subramanian GM, Cronin PW, Poley G, et al. A phase 1 study of PAMAB, a fully human monoclonal antibody against Bacillus anthracis protective antigen, in healthy volunteers. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41(1):12-20.
108. Arnon SS, Schechter R, Inglesby TV, et al. Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: Medical and public health management. Jama 2001;285(8): 1059-1070.
109. Bavari, S., Melendez, E.R., Lebeda, F.J.: US20060177881A1 (2006).
110. Pless DD, Torres ER, Reinke EK, Bavari S. High-affinity protective antibodies to the binding domain of Botulinum neurotoxin type A. Infect Immun 2001; 69(1): 570-574.
111. Marks, J.D., Amersdorfer, P., Geren, I., Lou, J., Razai, A., Garcia, M.C.: US20080124328A1 (2008).
112. Marks, J.D., Amersdorfer, P.: US20040175385A1 (2004).
113. Nowakowski A, Wang C, Powers DB, et al. Potent neutralization of Botulinum neurotoxin by recombinant oligoclonal antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99(17): 11346-11350.
114. Marks JD. Deciphering antibody properties that lead to potent Botulinum neurotoxin neutralization. Mov Disord 2004; 19 (Suppl 8): S101-S108.
115. Levy R, Forsyth CM, LaPorte SL, Geren IN, Smith LA, Marks JD. Fine and domain-level epitope mapping of Botulinum neurotoxin type A neutralizing antibodies by yeast surface display. J Mol Biol, 2007; 365(1): 196-210.
116. Bartlett JG. Narrative review: The new epidemic of Clostridium difficile-associated enteric disease. Ann Intern Med 2006; 145(10): 758-764.
117. McDonald LC, Killgore GE, Thompson A, et al. An epidemic, toxin gene-variant strain of Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 2005; 353(23): 2433-2441.
118. Thomas, W.D., Giannasca, P.J., Zhang, Z., Lei, W., Monath, T.P.: US20060029608A1 (2006).
119. Babcock GJ, Broering TJ, Hernandez HJ, et al. Human monoclonal antibodies directed against toxins a and b prevent Clostridium difficile-induced mortality in hamsters. Infect Immun 2006; 74(11): 6339-6347.
120. Granstrom, M, Granstrom G. Serological correlates in whooping cough. Vaccine 1993; 11(4): 445-448.
121. Granstrom M, Olinder-Nielsen AM, Holmblad P, Mark A, Hanngren K. Specific immunoglobulin for treatment of whooping cough. Lancet 1991; 338(8777): 1230-1233.
122. Bruss JB, Siber GR. Protective effects of Pertussis immunoglobulin (P-IGIV) in the aerosol challenge model. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1999; 6(4): 464-470.
123. Bruss, JB, R Malley, S Halperin, et al. Treatment of severe Pertussis: A study of the safety and pharmacology of intravenous Pertussis immunoglobulin. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18(6): 505-511.
124. Halperin SA, Vaudry W, Boucher FD, Mackintosh K, Waggener TB, Smith B. Is Pertussis immune globulin efficacious for the treatment of hospitalized infants with Pertussis? No answer yet. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007; 26(1): 79-81.
125. Halperin SA, Issekutz TB, Kasina A. Epitope specificity of three anti-pertussis toxin monoclonal antibodies with dissimilar effects in assays of toxin neutralizing activity. Mol Immunol 1991; 28(3): 247-250.
126. Lang, AB, MT Ganss, Cryz SJ Jr. Monoclonal antibodies that define neutralizing epitopes of Pertussis toxin: Conformational dependence and epitope mapping. Infect Immun 1989; 57(9): 2660-2665.
127. Kenimer JG, Kim KJ, Probst PG, Manclark CR, Burstyn DG, Cowell JL. Monoclonal antibodies to Pertussis toxin: Utilization as probes of toxin function. Hybridoma 1989; 8(1): 37-51.
128. Kim KJ, Burnette WN, Sublett RD, Manclark CR, Kenimer JG. Epitopes on the s1 subunit of Pertussis toxin recognized by monoclonal antibodies. Infect Immun 1989; 57(3): 944-950.
129. Kenimer JG, Probst PG, Karpas AB, Burns DL, Kaslow HR. Monoclonal antibodies against the enzymatic subunit of both Pertussis and Cholera toxins. Dev Biol Stand 1991; 73: 133-141.
130. Frank DW, Parker CD. Isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Bordetella pertussis. J Biol Stand 1984; 12(4): 353-365.
131. Frank DW, Parker CD. Interaction of monoclonal antibodies with Pertussis toxin and its subunits. Infect Immun 1984; 46(1): 195-201.
132. Walker MJ, Wehland J, Timmis KN, Raupach KN, Schmidt MA. Characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies that recognize defined epitopes of Pertussis toxin and neutralize its toxic effect on chinese hamster ovary cells. Infect Immun 1991; 59(11): 4249-4251.
133. Sato H, Sato Y. Protective activities in mice of monoclonal antibodies against Pertussis toxin. Infect Immun 1990; 58(10): 3369-3374.
134. Besser R, Griffin P, Slutsker L. E. coli o157:H7 gastroenteritis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome: An emerging infectious disease. Ann Rev Med 1999; 50: 355-367.
135. Friedrich AW, Bielaszewska M, Zhang WL, et al. Escherichia coli harboring shiga toxin 2 gene variants: Frequency and association with clinical symptoms. J Infect Dis 2002; 185(1): 74-84.
136. Sauter KA, Melton-Celsa AR, Larkin K, Troxell ML, O'Brien AD, Magun BE. Mouse model of hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by endotoxin-free shiga toxin 2 (STX2) and protection from lethal outcome by anti-STX2 antibody. Infect Immun 2008; 76(10): 4469-4478.
137. Dowling TC, Chavaillaz PA, Young DG, et al. Phase 1 safety and pharmacokinetic study of chimeric murine-human monoclonal antibody c alpha STX2 administered intravenously to healthy adult volunteers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49(5): 1808-1812.
138. Smith MJ, Carvalho HM, Melton-Celsa AR, O'Brien AD. The 13c4 monoclonal antibody that neutralizes shiga toxin type 1 (STX1) recognizes three regions on the STX1 B subunit and prevents STX1 from binding to its eukaryotic receptor globotriaosylceramide. Infect Immun 2006; 74(12): 6992-6998.
139. Tzipori, S., Balakrishnan, R., Donohue-rolfe, A.: US20080107651A1 (2008).
140. Tzipori S, Sheoran A, Akiyoshi D, Donohue-Rolfe A, Trachtman H. Antibody therapy in the management of shiga toxin-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004; 17(4): 926-941.
141. Sheoran AS, Chapman S, Singh P, Donohue-Rolfe A, Tzipori S. STX2-specific human monoclonal antibodies protect mice against lethal infection with Escherichia coli expressing STX2 variants. Infect Immun 2003; 71(6): 3125-3130.
142. Akiyoshi DE, Rich CM, O'Sullivan-Murphy S, et al. Characterization of a human monoclonal antibody against shiga toxin 2 expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells. Infect Immun 2005; 73(7): 4054-4061.
143. Mukherjee J, Chios K, Fishwild D, et al. Human STX2-specific monoclonal antibodies prevent systemic complications of Escherichia coli o157:H7 infection. Infect Immun 2002; 70(2): 612-619.
144. Baker M. Anti-infective antibodies: Finding the path forward. Nat Biotechnol 2006; 24(12): 1491-1493.
145. Weisman LE. Antibody for the prevention of neonatal noscocomial Staphylococcal infection: A review of the literature. Arch Pediatr 2007; 14 (Suppl 1): p. S31-S34.
146. Benjamin DK, Schelonka R, White R, et al. A blinded, randomized, multicenter study of an intravenous Staphylococcus aureus immune globulin. J Perinatol 2006; 26(5): 290-295.
147. Rupp ME, Holley HP, Lutz J, et al. Phase ii, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a polyclonal anti-Staphylococcus aureus capsular polysaccharide immune globulin in treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51(12): 4249-4254.
148. DeJonge M, Burchfield D, Bloom B, et al. Clinical trial of safet and efficacy of inh-a21 for the prevention of nosocomial Staphylococcal bloodstream infection in premature infants. J Pediatr 2007; 151(3): 260-265, 5 e1.
149. Burnie JP, Matthews RC, Carter T, et al. Identification of an immunodominant abc transporter in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Infect Immun 2000; 68(6): 3200-3209.
150. Weems JJ, Steinberg JP, Filler S, et al. Phase ii, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study comparing the safety and pharmacokinetics of tefibazumab to placebo for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 50(8): 2751-2755.
151. Mohr J, Johnson M, Cooper T, Lewis JS, Ostrosky-Zeichner L Current options in antifungal pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy 2008; 28(5): 614-645.
152. Mohamed, N., Spitalny, G.L., Casey, L.S., Jones, S.M., Pincus, S.E.: US20060263792 (2006).
153. Mohamed N, Jones SM, Casey LS, Pincus SE, Spitalny GL Heteropolymers: A novel technology against blood-borne infections. Curr Opin Mol Ther 2005; 7(2): 144-150.
154. Dadachova, E., Casadevall, A., Nakouzi, A.: US20040115203A1 (2004).
155. Dadachova E, Nakouzi A, Bryan RA, Casadevall A. Ionizing radiation delivered by specific antibody is therapeutic against a fungal infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100(19): 10942-10947.
156. Burnie, J.P., Matthews, R.C.: US20080095778A1 (2008).
157. Burnie, J.P.: WO2007076627A1 (2007).
158. Pachl J, Svoboda P, Jacobs F, et al. A randomized, blinded, multicenter trial of lipid-associated amphotericin b alone versus in combination with an antibody-based inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 in patients with invasive candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42(10): 1404-1413.
159. Charlton, K.A., Porter, A.J.R.: US20060165704 (2006).
160. Park J, Jagasia R, Kaufmann GF, et al. Infection control by antibody disruption of bacterial quorum sensing signaling. Chem Biol 2007; 14(10): 1119-1127.
161. Kaufmann GF, Park J, Mee V, Ulevitch RJ, Janda KD, The quorum quenching antibody rs2-1g9 protects macrophages from the cytotoxic effects of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signalling molecule n-3-oxo-dodecanoyl-homoserine lactone. Mol Immunol 2008; 45(9): 2710-2714.
162. Neely AN, Holder IA, Wiener-Kronish JP, Sawa T. Passive anti-PCRV treatment protects burned mice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa challenge. Burns 2005; 31(2): 153-158.
163. Imamura Y, Yanagihara K, Fukuda Y, et al., Effect of anti- PCRV antibody in a murine chronic airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection model. Eur Respir J 2007; 29(5): 965-968.
164. Frey, J., Stuber, K., Thornton, J.C., Kuzyk, M.A., Burian, J.: US20087232569 (2008).
165. Hill, J., Williamson, E.D., Titball, R.W.L.: US20060093609 (2006).
166. Frank DW, Vallis A, Wiener-Kronish JP, et al. Generation an characterization of a protective monoclonal antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PCRV. J Infect Dis 2002; 186(1): 64-73.
167. Shime N, Sawa T, Fujimoto J, et al., Therapeutic administration of anti- PCRV f(ab')(2) in sepsis associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Immunol 2001; 167(10): 5880-5886.
168. Burnie, J.P., Matthews, R.C., Carter, T.: US20080038266 (2008).
169. Rockx B, Corti D, Donaldson E, et al., Structural basis for potent cross-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protection against lethal human and zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus challenge. J Virol 2008; 82(7): 3220-3235.
170. Garcia-Rodriguez C, Levy R, Arndt JW, et al. Molecular evolution of antibody cross-reactivity for two subtypes of type A Botulinum neurotoxin. Nat Biotechnol 2007; 25(1): 107-116.
171. Sidhu SS, Kossiakoff AA. Exploring and designing protein function with restricted diversity. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2007; 11(3): 347-354.
172. Birtalan, S.C., Fellouse, F., Sidhu, S.S.: US20070237764 (2007).
173. Steiner D, Forrer P, Pluckthun A. Efficient selection of darpins with sub-nanomolar affinities using srp phage display. J Mol Biol 2008; 382(5): 1211-1227.
174. Maynard JA, Myhre R, Roy B. Microarrays in infection and immunity. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2007; 11(3): 306-315.
175. Buonpane RA, Churchill HR, Moza B, et al. Neutralization of Staphylococcal enterotoxin b by soluble, high-affinity receptor antagonists. Nat Med 2007; 13(6): 725-729.
176. Yang X, Buonpane RA, Moza B, et al. Neutralization of multiple Staphylococcal superantigens by a single-chain protein consisting of affinity-matured, variable domain repeats. J Infect Dis 2008; 198(3): 344-348.
177. Lang AB, Cryz SJ, Schurch U, Ganss MT, Bruderer U. Immunotherapy with human monoclonal antibodies. Fragment a specificity of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies is crucial for full protection against tetanus toxin. J Immunol 1993; 151(1): 466-472.
178. Van Berkel, P.H.C., Brus, R.H.P., Logtenberg, T., Bout, A.: US20070054362 (2007).
179. Haurum, J.: US20080206236 (2008).
180. Rasmussen, L.K., Frandsen, T., Rasmussen, S.K., Andersen, P.S.: US20080131882A1 (2008).
181. Wiberg FC, Rasmussen SK, Frandsen TP, et al. Production of target-specific recombinant human polyclonal antibodies in mammalian cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 94(2): 396-405.
182. Rasmussen SK, Rasmussen LK, Weilguny D, Tolstrup AB. Manufacture of recombinant polyclonal antibodies. Biotechnol Lett 2007; 29(6): 845-852.
183. Poulsen TR, Meijer PJ, Jensen A, Nielsen LS, Andersen PS. Kinetic, affinity, and diversity limits of human polyclonal antibody responses against tetanus toxoid. J Immunol 2007; 179(6): 3841-3850.
184. Salfeld JG. Isotype selection in antibody engineering. Nat Biotechnol 2007; 25(12): 1369-1372.
185. Dall'acqua, W., Johnson, L.S., Ward, E.S.: US20070122403A1 (2007).
186. Chamberlain, A.K., Desjarlais, J.R., Karki, S.B., Lazar, G.A., Vielmetter, J., Yoder, S.C.: US20070135620A1 (2007).
187. Hinton, P., Tsurushita, N., Tso, Y.J., Vasquez, M.: US20087365168 ( 2008).
188. Vaccaro C, Zhou J, Ober RJ, Ward ES. Engineering the fc region of immunoglobulin g to modulate in vivo antibody levels. Nat Biotechnol 2005; 23(10): 1283-1238.
189. Presta LG. Molecular engineering and design of therapeutic antibodies. Curr Opin Immunol 2008; 20(4): 460-470.
190. Lehner, T, Monoclonal antibodies against micro-organisms. Curr Opin Immunol 1989; 1(3): 462-466.
191. Lazar GA, Dang W, Karki S, et al. Engineered antibody fc variants with enhanced effector function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006; 103(11): 4005-4010.
192. Lazar, G.A., Dang, W., Desjarlais, J.R., Karki, S.B.: US20080242845 ( 2008).
193. Umana, P., Jean-Mairet, J., Bailey, J.E.: US20080280322 (2008).
194. Das R, Baker D. Macromolecular modeling with rosetta. Annu Rev Biochem 2008; 77: 363-382.
195. Gershoni, J.M., Bublil, E., Denisov, D., Denisova, G.: US20070005262 ( 2007).
196. Bublil EM, Freund NT, Mayrose I, et al. Stepwise prediction of conformational discontinuous B-cell epitopes using the mapitope algorithm. Proteins 2007; 68(1): 294-304.
197. Sidhu, S.S., Weiss, G.A.: US20070117126A1 (2007).
198. Weiss GA, Watanabe CK, Zhong A, Goddard A, Sidhu SS. Rapid mapping of protein functional epitopes by combinatorial alanine scanning. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97(16): 8950-8954.
199. Gray JJ, Moughon SE, Kortemme T, et al. Protein-protein docking predictions for the capri experiment. Proteins 2003; 52(1): 118-122.
200. Sivasubramanian A, Maynard JA, Gray JJ. Modeling the structure of MAB 14b7 bound to the anthrax protective antigen. Proteins 2008; 70(1): 218-230.
201. Lyskov S, Gray JJ. The rosettadock server for local protein-protein docking. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36(Web Server issue): W233-238.
202. Kortemme T, Kim DE, Baker D. Computational alanine scanning of protein-protein interfaces. Sci STKE 2004; 2004(219): 12.
203. Cunningham BC, Wells JA. High-resolution epitope mapping of hgh-receptor interactions by alanine-scanning mutagenesis. Science 1989; 244(4908): 1081-1085.
204. Scanlan CN, Pantophlet R, Wormald MR, et al., The carbohydrate epitope of the neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibody 2g12. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003; 535: 205-218.