An Indian metaphor in St John's Gospel

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 271-286

  Derrett, J Duncan M ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 62649085800     PISSN: 13561863     EISSN: 14740591     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s1356186300011056     Document Type: Review

References (136)

1. A parallel between Zoroastrian, Judaic, and Buddhist sources: J. D. M. Derrett, " 'Every valley shall be exalted'", ZRGG, XXIV (1972), pp. 153-5
2. B Lincoln, '"The Earth becomes flat' - a study of apocalyptic imagery", CSSH, XXV (1983), pp. 136-53
3. B. Kölver, "The world beyond time: a scene from the Lalitavistara", Lex et Litterae ...O. Botto, ed. S. Lienhard and I. Piovano (Alessandria and Turin, 1997), pp. 301-12 at pp. 303, 306
4. A. F. Segal, The Other Judaisms of Late Antiquity (Adanta, 1987). Goodenough and Neusner are known for this awareness
5. R. May, Ex oriente lux: Heideggers Werk unter ostasiatischem Einfluß (Stuttgart, 1989)
6. id., Heidegger's Hidden Sources. East Asian Influences on His Work (London and New York, 1996)
7. Denis McManus, "Did Heidegger conceal an oriental debt?". Times Higher Education Supplement, Jan. 31st, 1997, p. 24
8. Hedwig Jahnow, "Das Abdecken des Daches: Mc 2.4, Lc 5.19", ZNW, XXIV (1925), pp. 155-8
9. Skt. Mātsya-nyāya. Babylonian Talmud, 'Avôdâ Zarâ 4a
10. J. D. M. Derrett, "Why did Jesus blow on the disciples (Joh 20, 22)?", Bibbia e Oriente, forthcoming. Cf. Luke 24:49 ("promise")
11. R. Bultmann, Das Urchristentum in Rahmen der antiken Religionen (Zürich and Stuttgart, 1963)
12. Primitive Christianity in its Contemporary Setting (London, 1960)
13. id., Some Telltale Words in the New Testament (Shipston-on-Stour, 1997), p. 25, no. 18. L. Levonian, "Insufflation", Expositor, 8th ser., XXII (1926), pp. 149-54 at p. 153 (the holy man's breath looses the effects of sin)
14. Cf. H.-W. Kuhn, "A legal issue in 1 Corinthians 5 and in Qumran", in Legal Texts and Legal Issues. FS J. M. Baumgarten, ed. M. Bernstein et al. (Leiden, 1997), p. 489, n. 2
15. R. Bultmann, Das Evangelium des Johannes, 17th edn. (Göttingen, 1962), p. 536, n. 7, speaking of Übertragung der Amtskraft, cites inter alios Leonhard Bauer, Volksleben im Lande der Bibel (Leipzig, 1903)
16. J. F. H. Gunkel, Legends of Genesis (Chicago, 1901); also Märchen im Alten Testament (1917), p. 98
17. C. Sitd, Die Gebärden der Griechen und Römer (Leipzig, 1890), pp. 345-6
18. G. van der Leeuw, Phänomenologie der Religion (Tübingen, 1933), pp. 257-8
19. Fr. Preisigke, Die Gotteskraft in der frühchristlichen Zeit (Berlin and Leipzig, 1922), pp. 229-30
20. W. Staerk, Die Erlösererwartung (Stuttgart and Berlin), 1938, pp. 312-14. Add Levonian (n. 11 above) on Kurdistan. He is cited by our foremost Johannine commentator, R. E. Brown, John (Anchor Bible: London, 1978), ii, p. 1023
21. Ignore an exorcist's "blowing", though it mimes power: A. Deissmann, Light from the Ancient East, 1st edn. (London, 1910), pp. 254, 260 (magical papyrus, Paris no. 574, Supplément grec, lines 3083-4)
22. J. Chevalier and A. Gheerbrant, A Dictionary of Symbols (Oxford and Cambridge, MA, 1994), pp. 120-1
23. M.J. Field, Angels and Ministers of Grace (London, 1971), ch. 10
24. G. W. Buchanan, Biblical and Theological Insights from Ancient and Modern Civil Law (Lewiston and Lampeter, 1992), pp. 17, 136. In Hebrew the action "to constitute X an agent" appears as "to send (SLH) X"
25. Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, "Blow", III
26. R. D. Chesnutt, From Death to Life: Conversion in Joseph and Aseneth (Sheffield, 1995)
27. Brhadāranyaka Upanisad (BrĀU) 1.5.17-20 (cf. IV.3.38)
28. R. H. Hume, Thirteen Principal Upanishads (Oxford, 1931), pp. 90, 318-20
29. R. C. Zaehner, Hindu Scriptures (London and New York, 1966), pp. 39-40
30. J. F. Sprockhoff, "Die Alten im alten Indien. Ein Versuch nach brahmanischen Quellen", Saeculum XXX, 4 (1979), pp. 374-433 at pp. 392-4
31. A. Wezler, "Old age and the elderly in ancient and mediaeval India", in Aging, Asian Concepts and Experiences Past and Present, ed. S. Formanek and S. Lienhart (Vienna, 1997), p. 48
32. KausU Il.4(3). BrĀU IV.4, 1; 5, 13
33. For Qumran references, texts and discussion see The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated, ed. F. Garcia Martinez, 2nd edn. (Leiden and Grand Rapids, 1996)
34. and J. H. Charlesworth, The Rule of the Community (Philadelphia, 1997)
35. G. Vermes, The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English (London, 1998)
36. J. G. Frazer, The Golden Bough, 3rd edn. (London, 1923), Bk. 4, pt. 3, ch. 7, p. 200
37. M. Turner, Power from on High: the Spirit in Israel's Restoration and Witness in Luke-Acts (Sheffield, 1996)
38. E. Stauffer, in Theol. W. zum Neuen Testament, vi, p. 440, line 31 (he compares John 6:63; 7:38)
39. J. D. M. Derrett, "Advocacy at John 16: 8-11", Expository Times CX, 6 (1999), pp. 181-2
40. Modern commentators do this, especially M. Dibelius, Commentary on the Epistle of James, rev. H. Greeven, trans. M. A. Williams (Philadelphia, 1976), pp. 181-206
41. H. Windisch, Die Katholischen Briefe, 2nd edn. (Tübingen, 1951), p. 23. But doubts are expressed by F. Büchsel, TWNT, i (1933), pp. 680-8
42. K.-W. Niebuhr, "Der Jakobusbrief', NTS XLIV, 3 (1998), pp. 420-43
43. M. Philonenko, "Un écho de la prédication d'Asoka dans l'Épître de Jacques", in Ex Orbe Religionum (FS Geo Widengren), ed. C. J. Bleeker et al. (Numen Suppl. 21; Leiden, 1972), pp. 254-54 at P. 262 n. 9, a second thought of Dibelius (1957)
44. A. Schopenhauer, Parerga and Paralipomena §179 [Berlin, 1851], new edn. (Zurich, 1988, 1991) ii, pp. 332-9 (gratia R. May) at p. 335 (Buddhist). Philonenko (last n.) at pp. 259-65 (self-command, a leading Buddhist and Greek idea)
45. R. Stehly, "Une citation des Upanishads dans Joseph et Aséneth", RHPR, LV (1975), pp. 209-13 at p. 213
46. R. Garbe, Indien und das Christentum (Tübingen, 1914), p. 60, n. 2 (Mahāvagga parallel), cited but not followed by Büchsel (above n. 31)
47. M. Philonenko, Joseph et Aséneth (Leiden, 1968)
48. C. Burchard, Untersuchungen zu Joseph und Aseneth (Tübingen, 1965) dates it between 1st cent. BC and the beginning of the 2nd cent. AD. See n. 17 above
49. S. Pines, "From darkness into great light", Immanuel, IV (1974), pp. 47-51 at p. 48
50. R. Stehly, "Citation" (n. 33 above). Charlesworth, Old Testament Pseudepigrapha ii, p. 213
51. Cf. Qur'ān 33:43 (the probity of the Prophet)
52. Ariguttara-nikāya V.256
53. J. D. M. Derrett, "A Moses-Buddha parallel and its meaning", Archív Orientalm, LVIII, 4 (1990), pp. 310-17
54. M. Hara, "A note on the Buddha's birth-story", in Indianisme et Bouddhisme. Melanges Lamotte (Louvain-la-Neuve, 1980), pp. 143-57
55. Madrash Rabbah, Devarim Rabbah, XI, 10, ed. M. A. Mirkin (Tel Aviv, 1967), p. 158
56. J. Irwin, "The mystery of the (future) Buddha's first words", Armaii del Istituto Universitario Orientale, XLI (1981), pp. 623-53
57. Sutta-pitaka: Digha-nikāya II. 15 §29
58. Majjhima-nikāya III.123
59. J. D. M. Derrett, "Der Wasserwandel in christlicher und buddhistischer Perspektive", ZRGG, XLI, 3 (1989), pp. 193-214
60. Cf. Testament of Abraham (c. AD 75-125) 10:8-9 (Charlesworth, Pseudepigrapha, i, p. 887). Exodus 15:12
61. J. D. M. Derrett, "The case of Korah against Moses reconsidered", JSJ, XXIV, 1 (1993), pp. 59-78. Add: Ps. Philo, Liber antiquitatum biblicarum XVI, 3
62. J. D. M. Derrett, "Diffusion: Korah and Devadatta", Archív Orientálni, LXIII (1995), pp. 330-3. Read etc
63. Cf. P. Kingsley on Ezekiel at JRAS, Series 3, II, 3 (1992), pp. 339-46
64. J. D. M. Derrett, "A problem in the Book of Jubilees and an Indian doctrine", ZRGG, XIV, 3 (1962), pp. 247-62
65. J. Hastings, "Therapeutae", in id., ed., ERE, xii, pp. 315-19
66. J. D. M. Derrett, Telltale Words (n. 11 above), pp. 66-7, no. 64
67. J. D. M. Derrett, "The Samaritan Woman in India", ZRGG, XXXIX (1987), pp. 328-36
68. H. Waldmann, Der Königsweg der Apostel in Edessa, Indien und Rom, 2nd edn. (Tübingen, 1997) (gratia H. v. Stietencron): active contacts between India and Syria
69. R. H. Charles, Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament (Oxford, 1913), ii, p. 291 §13, 330
70. M. de Jonge, Studies in the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs (Leiden, 1975), 136, 149-51
71. A. Nissen, Gott und der Nächste im antiken Judentum (Tübingen, 1974), p. 269
72. Diodorus Siculus V.41, 2
73. Plutarch, Alexander 25.4. FGrH 126
74. K.Nielsen, Incense in Ancient Israel (Leiden, 1986)
75. P. Heger, The Development of Incense Cult in Israel (Berlin, 1997)
76. Inscription from Aphrodisias (E. Schürer, History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ, 175 BC-AD 135, iii, 1 [Edinburgh, 1986], p. 166)
77. Josephus, Bell. Jud. 2.141
78. Babylonian Talmud, Šabb. 75a
79. Aristotle, Frag. 36
80. (Migne, series graeca 67.752B)
81. Philo, Spec. leg. 3, 100
82. M. Boyce, "Persian religion in the Achemenid age", Cambridge History of Judaism, i, ed. W. D. Davies and L. Finkelstein (Cambridge 1984), pp. 279-307 at pp. 298-9
83. Philo, spec. leg. III. 13-14
84. M. Lattke, "Verfluchter Inzest. War der 'pornos' von 1 Kor. 5 ein persischer 'Magos'?", Peregrina Curiositas. Eine Reise durch den orbis antiquus (FS Dirk van Damme), ed. A. Keeler (Freiburg and Göttingen, 1994), PP. 29-55
85. T. Sinko, "De Vita Platonis apuleiana", Eos, XXX (1927), pp. 101-12
86. M. Boyce, History of Zoroastrianism (Leiden, 1975), i, pp. 282-7
87. ead., Textual Studies (Chicago and Manchester, 1984), pp. 90-1
88. ead., Zoroastrianism (London, 1987), p. 8
89. P. Kingsley, "Meetings with Magi", JRAS, 3rd. ser. V, 2 (1995), pp. 173-209 at p. 197 and n. 156
90. J. D. M. Derrett, "Shared themes", J. Higher Criticism, IV, 2 (1997). pp. 57-67
91. F. Boll, "Der Stem der Weisen", ZNW, XVIII (1917-18), pp. 40-8
92. B. Viviano, "The movement of the Star", RB, CIII (1996), pp. 58-64
93. T. Stramare. Vangelo (Bomato i.F., 1998), pp. 237-47
94. E. Benveniste, "Édits d'Asoka en traduction grecque", JA, CCLII (1964), pp. 137-57 at PP. 140-1
95. R. Seydel, Das Evangelium Jesu in seinem Verhältnissen zu Buddha-Sage und Buddha-Lehre (Leipzig, 1882), pp. 174 (§26), 234
96. A. L. Basham traced similarities to gnosticism and Zoroastrianism: "The evolution of the concept of the Bodhisattva", in The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhism, ed. L. S. Kawamura (Waterloo, Canada, 1981), pp. 19-59
97. Cf. Mahāvastu (ed. Senart), iii, p. 317
98. E. Lamotte, Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien (Louvain-la-Neuve, 1976), p. 761
99. id., in World of Buddhism, ed. H. Bechert and R. Gombrich (London, 1984), pp. 42, 45
100. Hajime Nakamura, Indian Buddhism (Delhi, 1989), p. 19
101. E. Waldschmidt, Das Catusparisatsūtra (Berlin, 1962)
102. A. Bareau, Recherches sur la biographie du Buddha dans les Sutrapitaka et les Vinayapitaka anciens: de la quéte de l'eveil à la conversion de Śāriputra et de Maudgalyāyana (Paris, 1963), pp. 135-43
103. maccudheyya. Sutta-nipāta 358, 1104, 1146
104. Samyutta-nikāya I.4
105. Aṅguttara-nikāya V.232, 253
106. H. Oidenberg, Buddha (London and Edinburgh, 1882), p. 58, n
107. W. M. Ramsay, Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia, i (Oxford, 1895), pt. 2, and p. 395
108. Cf. Deuteronomy 22:21
109. Bauer-Amdt-Gingrich, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, 2c
110. Revelation 1:18. When Jesus says "I am the door" he implies this also
111. I. Howard Marshall, The Gospel of Luke (Exeter, 1978), pp. 506-7
112. J. Ashton, Understanding the Fourth Gospel (Oxford, 1991), p. 348
113. Possibly based on Micah 2:13
114. Philo, quod omnis, XIV (§§92-7)
115. (Loeb edn., Philo, ix, pp. 62-6)
116. Der Kleine Pauly, iii, coll. 53-4
117. H. G. Rawlinson, "Early contacts between India and Europe", in A Cultural History of India, ed. A. L. Basham (Oxford, 1975), pp. 425-41 at p. 433
118. R. Gombrich, Theravada Buddhism (London and New York, 1988), p. 74
119. H. Oldenberg, Die Lehre der Upanishaden und die Anfänge des Buddhismus (Göttingen, 1915)
120. A. K. Sharma, "The relation between Buddha and the Upanishads", The Monist, XXXVIII (1928), pp. 443-77
121. R. Gombrich, "The Buddhist attitude to thaumaturgy", in Bauddhavidyāsudhākarah (FS Heinz Bechert), ed. P. Kieffer-Pülz and J. U. Hartmann (Swisttal-Odendorf, 1997), pp. 165-84 at p. 169
122. For Aśoka see J. Bloch, Les inscriptions d'Asoka (Paris, 1950)
123. U. Schneider, Die grossen Feben-Edikte Asokas (Wiesbaden, 1978)
124. R. Lingat, Royautés (Paris, 1989), Chh. 1-2
125. J. D. M. Derrett, "Jewish Brahmins", Classica et Mediaevalia, XXXIV (1983), pp. 75-90
126. J. M. Modrzejewski, The Jews of Egypt from Rameses II to the Emperor Hadrian (Edinburgh, 1995), pp. xx, 95, 123, 124-9 (the French original appeared in 1992)
127. Cf. A. Schopenhauer, Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung (Leipzig, 1819, 3rd edn. 1859), ii, ch. 41 (gratia R. May)
128. Rawlinson, "Early contacts", at pp. 433, 434-5
129. L. Robert, "Des Delphes à l'Oxus", CRAI, 1968, p. 416
130. R. Lane Fox, Alexander the Great (Harmondsworth, 1986), p. 559
131. A. Kuhrt and S. Sherwin-White, Hellenism in the East (London, 1987)
132. Every find revises history. M. Michiner, Indo-Greek and Indo-Scythian Coinage (London, 1976-7)
133. E. Errington and J. Cribb, edd., The Crossroads of Asia (Cambridge, 1992)
134. O. Bopearachchi, Indo-Greek, Indo-Scythian and Indo-Parthian Coins in the Smithsonian Institution (Washington DC, 1993)
135. R. Morton Smith, Kings and Coins in India. Greek and Śaka Self-advertisement (New Delhi, 1997). Indo-Greek coins present not less than 250 individual "monograms", which may eventually identify the mints, or perhaps dies. They seem to have a geographical significance. But they testify to a great wealth of coinage. I am obliged to Drs Gillian Evison, Elizabeth Errington and Henry S. Kim
136. Hugo Rahner, Greek Myths and Christian Mystery (London, 1963), p. 16