Stratigraphic evolution of an outcropping continental slope system, Tres Pasos Formation at Cerro Divisadero, Chile

Sedimentology

Volumn 56, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 737-764

  Romans, Brian W ^a,c   Hubbard, Stephen M ^b   Graham, Stephan A ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^c CHEVRON ENERGY TECHNOLOGY COMPANY   (United States)

Author keywords

Deep water stratigraphy; Foreland basin; Magallanes Basin; Progradation; Slope deposits; Turbidite architecture; Turbidite processes

Indexed keywords

CONTINENTAL SLOPE; CRETACEOUS; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENT; FORELAND BASIN; OUTCROP; PROGRADATION; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; TURBIDITE;

AUSTRAL BASIN; CHILE; PATAGONIA; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 62549086121     PISSN: 00370746     EISSN: 13653091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.00995.x     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Adeogba, A.A., McHargue, T.R. and Graham, S.A. (2005) Transient fan architecture and depositional controls from near-surface 3-D seismic data, Niger Delta continental slope. AAPG Bull., 89, 627-643.
2. Anderson, K.S., Graham, S.A. and Hubbard, S.M. (2006) Facies, architecture, and origin of a reservoir-scale sand-rich succession within submarine canyon fill: Insights from Wagon Caves Rock (Paleocene), Santa Lucia Range, California, U.S.A. J. Sed. Res., 76, 819-838.
3. Arbe, H. A. and Hechem, J. J. (1985) Estratigrafía y facies de depósitos marinos profundos del Cretácico Superior, Lago Argentino, Provincia de Santa Cruz (Stratigraphy and deep marine deposition facies of the Upper Cretaceous, Lago Argentino, Santa Cruz). Actas del Congreso Geológico Argentino, 9, 7-41.
4. Bates, C.C. (1953) Rational theory of delta formation. AAPG Bull., 37, 2119-2162.
5. Beaubouef, R.T. (2004) Deep-water leveed-channel complexes of the Cerro Toro Formation, Upper Cretaceous, southern Chile. AAPG Bull., 88, 1471-1500.
6. Berg, O.R. (1982) Seismic detection and evaluation of delta and turbidite sequences: Their application to exploration for the subtle trap. AAPG Bull., 66, 1271-1288.
7. Biddle, K. T., Uliana, M. A., Mitchum, R. M., Jr, Fitzgerald, M. G. and Wright, R. C. (1986) The stratigraphic and structural evolution of the central and eastern Magallanes Basin, southern South America. In: Foreland Basins (Eds P. A. Allen and P. Homewood), pp. 41-63. Int. Assoc. Sed. Spec. Publ., Blackwell, Oxford.
8. Blythe, A.E. and Kleinspehn, K.L. (1978) Tectonically versus climatically driven Cenozoic exhumation of the Eurasian Plate margin, Scabbard; fission track analyses. Tectonics, 17, 621-639.
9. Bouma, A.H. (1962) Sedimentology of Some Flysch Deposits. A Graphic Approach to Facies Interpretation. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 168 pp.
10. Bouma, A.H. and Wickens, H. de V. (1991) Permian passive margin submarine fan complex, Karoo Basin, South Africa: Possible model to Gulf of Mexico: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies. Transactions, 41, 30-42.
11. Brown, L.F., Jr and Fisher, W.L. (1977) Seismic-stratigraphic interpretation of depositional systems: Examples from Brazilian rift and pull-apart basins. AAPG Mem., 26, 213-248.
12. Busch, D.A. (1971) Genetic units in delta prospecting. AAPG Bull., 55, 1137-1154.
13. Campion, K.M., Sprague, A.R., Mohrig, D., Lovell, R.W., Drzewiecki, P.A., Sullivan, M.D., Ardill, J.A., Jensen, G.N. and Sickafoose, D.K. (2000) Outcrop expression of confined channel complexes. In: Deep-Water Reservoirs of the World (Eds P. Weimer, R.M. Slatt, J. Coleman, N.C. Rosen, H. Nelson, A.H. Bouma, M.J. Styzen and D.T. Lawrence), Gulf Coast Sec. SEPM Found. 20th Annu. Res. Conf., Houston, TX, 3-6 December 2000. SEPM CD-ROM Spec. Pub., 28, 127-150.
14. Carvajal, C.R and Steel, R.J. (2006) Thick turbidite successions from supply-dominated shelves during sea-level highstand. Geology, 34, 665-668.
15. Cattaneo, A., Correggiari, A., Langone, L. and Trincardi, F. (2003) The late-Holocene Gargano subaqueous delta, Adriatic shelf: Sediment pathways and supply fluctuations. Mar. Geol., 193, 61-91.
16. Catuneanu, O., Willis, A.J. and Miall, A.D. (1998) Temporal significance of sequence boundaries. Sed. Geol., 121, 157-178.
17. Chan, M.A. and Dott, R.H., Jr (1983) Shelf and deep-sea sedimentation in Eocene forearc basin, western Oregon - fan or non-fan. AAPG Bull., 67, 2100-2116.
18. Chapin, M.A., Davies, P., Gibson, J.L. and Pettingill, H.S. (1994) Reservoir architecture of turbidite sheet sandstones in laterally extensive outcrops, Ross Formation, western Ireland. In: Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems (Eds P. Weimer, A.H. Bouma and B. Perkins), Gulf Coast Sec. SEPM Found. 15th Annu. Res. Conf., Houston, TX, 4-7 December 1994. SEPM Spec. Pub., 53-68.
19. Clark, J.D. and Pickering, K.T. (1996) Architectural elements and growth patterns of submarine channels; application to hydrocarbon exploration. AAPG Bull., 80, 194-221.
20. Cloetingh, S., McQueen, H. and Lambeck, K. (1985) On a tectonic mechanism for regional sea level variations. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 75, 157-166.
21. Crabaugh, J. and Steel, R.J. (2004) Basin-floor fans of the Central Tertiary Basin, Spitsbergen: Relationship of basin-floor sand bodies to prograding clinoforms in a structurally-active basin. In: Confined Turbidite Systems (Eds S. Lomas and P. Joseph), Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 222, 187-208.
22. de Ruig, M.J. and Hubbard, S.M. (2006) Seismic facies and reservoir characteristics of a deep-marine channel belt in the Molasse foreland basin, Puchkirchen Formation, Austria. AAPG Bull., 90, 735-752.
23. Dalziel, I. W. D. (1986) Collision and cordilleran orogenesis: An Andean perspective. In: Collision Tectonics (Eds M.P. Coward and A.C. Ries), Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 19, 389-404.
24. Dalziel, I. W. D., De Wit, M. J. and Palmer, K. F. (1974) Fossil marginal basin in the southern Andes. Nature, 250, 291-294.
25. Drinkwater, N.J. and Pickering, K.T. (2001) Architectural elements in a high-continuity sand-prone turbidite system, late Precambrian, Kongsfjord Formation, northern Norway; application to hydrocarbon reservoir characterization. AAPG Bull., 85, 1731-1757.
26. Driscoll, N.W. and Karner, G.D. (1999) Three-dimensional quantitative modeling of clinoform development. Mar. Geol., 154, 383-398.
27. Fildani, A. and Hessler, A.M. (2005) Stratigraphic record across a retroarc basin inversion: Rocas Verdes -Magallanes Basin, Patagonian Andes. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 117, 1596-1614.
28. Flint, S.S. and Hodgson, D.M. (2005) Submarine slope systems: Processes and products. In: Submarine Slope Systems: Processes and Products (Eds D.M. Hodgson and S.S. Flint), Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 244, 27-50.
29. Flood, R.D., Manley, P.L., Kowsmann, R.O., Appi, C.J. and Pirmez, C. (1991) Seismic facies and late Quaternary growth of Amazon submarine fan. In: Seismic Facies and Sedimentary Processes of Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems (Eds P. Weimer and M.H. Link). pp. 415-433. Springer-Verlag, New York.
30. Fulthorpe, C.S. and Austin, J.A. (1998) Anatomy of rapid margin progradation: Three-dimensional geometries of Miocene clinoforms, New Jersey margin. AAPG Bull., 82, 251-273.
31. Galloway, W.E. (1998) Siliciclastic slope and base-of-slope depositional systems: Component facies, stratigraphic architecture, and classification. AAPG Bull., 82, 569-595.
32. Gardner, M.H., Borer, J.M., Melick, J.J., Mavilla, N., Dechesne, M. and Wagerle, R.N. (2003) Stratigraphic process-response model for submarine channels and related features from studies of Permian Brushy Canyon outcrops, West Texas. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 20, 757-787.
33. Halpern, M. (1973) Regional geochronology of Chile south of 50° S latitude. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 84, 2407-2422.
34. Helland-Hansen, W. (1992) Geometry of facies of Tertiary clinothems, Spitsbergen. Sedimentology, 39, 1013-1029.
35. Heller, P.L. and Dickinson, W.R. (1985) Submarine ramp facies model for delta-fed, sand-rich turbidite systems. AAPG Bull., 69, 960-976.
36. Hickson, T.A. and Lowe, D.R. (2002) Facies architecture of a submarine fan channel-levee complex: The Juniper Ridge Conglomerate, Coalinga, California. Sedimentology, 49, 335-362.
37. Hubbard, S.M., Romans, B.W. and Graham, S.A. (2008) Deep-water foreland basin deposits of the Cerro Toro Formation, Magallanes basin, Chile: architectural elements of a sinuous basin axial channel belt. Sedimentology, 55.
38. Johannessen, E.P. and Steel, R.J. (2005) Shelf-margin clinoforms and prediction of deepwater sands. Basin Res., 17, 521-550.
39. Katz, H. R. (1963) Revision of Cretaceous stratigraphy in Patagonian cordillera of Ultima Esperanza, Magallanes Province, Chile. AAPG Bull., 47, 506-524.
40. Liu, J.P., Milliman, J.D., Gao, S. and Peng, C. (2004) Holocene development of the Yellow River's Subaqueous delta, North Yellow Sea. Mar. Geol., 209, 45-67.
41. Lowe, D.R. (1982) Sediment gravity flows: II. Depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents. J. Sed. Petrol., 52, 279-297.
42. Macellari, C. E., Barrio, C. A. and Manassero, M. J. (1989) Upper Cretaceous to Paleocene depositional sequences and sandstone petrography of south-western Patagonia (Argentina and Chile). J. S. Am. Earth Sci., 2, 223-239.
43. Manzocchi, T., Walsh, J.J., Tomasso, M., Strand, J., Childs, C. and Haughton, P.D.W. (2007) Static and dynamic connectivity in bed-scale models of faulted and unfaulted turbidites. In: Structurally Complex Reservoirs (Eds S.J. Jolley, D. Barr, J.J. Walsh and R.J. Knife), Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 292, 309-336.
44. Martinsen, O.L., Lien, T. and Walker, R.G. (2000) Upper Carboniferous deep water sediments, western Ireland: Analogues for passive margin turbidite plays. In: Deep-Water Reservoirs of the World (Eds P. Weimer, R.M. Slatt, J. Coleman, N.C. Rosen, H. Nelson, A.H. Bouma, M.J. Styzen and D.T. Lawrence), Gulf Coast Sec. SEPM Found. 20th Annu. Res. Conf., Houston, TX, 3-6 December 2000. SEPM CD-ROM Spec. Pub., 28, 533-555.
45. Martinsen, O.L., Lien, T., Walker, R.G. and Collinson, J.D. (2003) Facies and sequential organization of a mudstone-dominated slope and basin floor succession: The Gull Island Formation, Shannon Basin, Western Ireland. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 20, 789-807.
46. McCaffrey, W.D., Gupta, S. and Brunt, R. (2002) Repeated cycles of submarine channel incision, infill and transition to sheet sandstone development in the Alpine Foreland Basin, SE France. Sedimentology, 49, 623-635.
47. Mellere, D., Plink-Björklund, P. and Steel, R.J. (2002) Anatomy of shelf deltas at the edge of a prograding Eocene shelf margin, Spitsbergen. Sedimentology, 49, 1181-1206.
48. Miall, A.D. (1985) Architectural-element analysis: A new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits. Earth-Sci. Rev., 22, 261-308.
49. Micael, P.J. (1983) Emplacement and differentiation of Miocene plutons in the foothills of the southernmost Andes. PhD thesis, Columbia University, 367 pp.
50. Middleton, G.V. and Hampton, M.A. (1973) Sediment gravity flows: mechanics of flow and deposition. In: Turbidity and Deep Water Sedimentation (Eds G.V. Middleton and A.H. Bouma), SEPM, Pacific Section, Short Course Lecture Notes, 1-38.
51. Middleton, G.V. and Hampton, M.A. (1976) Subaqueous sediment transport and deposition by sediment gravity flows. In: Marine Sediment Transport and Environmental Management (Eds D.J. Stanley and D.J.P. Swift), pp. 197-218. Wiley, New York.
52. Moore, G.T. and Fullman, T.J. (1975) Submarine channel systems and their potential for petroleum localization. In: Deltas, Models for Exploration (Ed. M.L. Broussard), Houston Geological Society, 165-189.
53. Mutti, E. and Ghibaudo, G. (1972) Un esempio di torbiditi di conoide sottomarina esterna: Le Arenarie di San Salvatore (Formazione di Bobbio, Miocence) nell'Appennino di Piacenza. Mem. Acc. Sci. Torino, Classe Sci. Fis., Nat., 4, 40.
54. Mutti, E. and Normark, W.R. (1987) Comparing examples of modern and ancient turbidite systems; problems and concepts. In: Deep Water Clastic Deposits: Models and Case Histories (Eds J.K. Legget and G.G. Zuffa), pp. 1-38. Graham and Trotman, London.
55. Mutti, E. and Normark, W.R. (1991) An integrated approach to the study of turbidite systems. In: Seismic Facies and Sedimentary Processes of Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems (Eds P. Weimer and M.H. Link), pp. 75-106. Springer-Verlag, New York.
56. Mutti, E., Tinterri, R., Benevelli, G., di Biase, D. and Cavanna, G. (2003) Deltaic, mixed and turbidite sedimentation of ancient foreland basins. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 20, 733-755.
57. Natland, M.L., González, E., Cañón, A. and Ernst, M. (1974) A system of stages for correlation of Magallanes basin sediments. GSA Mem., 139, 126.
58. Niedoroda, A.W., Reed, C.W., Das, H., Fagherazzi, S., Donoghue, J.F. and Cattaneo, A. (2005) Analysis of a large-scale depositional clinoformal wedge along the Italian Adriatic coast. Mar. Geol., 222-223, 179-192.
59. O'Grady, D.B., Syvitski, J.P.M., Pratson, L.F. and Sarg, J.F. (2000) Categorizing the morphologic variability of siliciclastic passive continental margins. Geology, 28, 207-210.
60. Pickering, K.T. and Hilton, V.C. (1998) Turbidite Systems of SE France: Application to Hydrocarbon Prospectivity. Vallis Press, London, 229 pp.
61. Pickering, K.T., Clark, J.D., Ricci Lucchi, F., Smith, R.D.A., Hiscott, R.N. and Kenyon, N.H. (1995) Architectural element analysis of turbidite systems, and selected topical problems for sand-prone deep-water systems. In: Atlas of Deep Water Environments: Architectural Style in Turbidite Systems (Eds K.T. Pickering, R.N. Hiscott, N.H. Kenyon, F. Ricci Lucchi and R.D.A. Smith), pp. 1-10. Chapman & Hall, London.
62. Pirmez, C. and Flood, R.D. (1995) Morphology and structure of Amazon Channel. In: Initial Reports of the Ocean Drilling Program (Eds R.D. Flood, D.J.W. Piper and A. Klaus), College Station, TX, Ocean Drilling Program, 155, 23-45.
63. Pirmez, C., Pratson, L.F. and Steckler, M.S. (1998) Clinoform development by advective diffusion of suspended sediment: Modeling and comparison to natural systems. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 141-157.
64. Plink-Björklund, P. and Steel, R.J. (2005) Deltas on falling-stage and lowstand shelf margins, the Eocene Central Basin of Spitsbergen: Importance of sediment supply. In: River Deltas; Concepts, Models, and Examples (Eds L. Giosan and J.P. Bhattacharya), SEPM Spec. Publ., 83, 179-206.
65. Plink-Björklund, P., Mellere, D. and Steel, R.J. (2001) Turbidite variability and architecture of sand-prone, deep-water slopes: Eocene clinoforms in the Central Basin, Spitsbergen. J. Sed. Res., 71, 895-912.
66. Posamentier, H.W., Jervey, M.T. and Vail, P.R. (1988) Eustatic controls on clastic deposition I, conceptual framework. In: Sea-Level Changes: An Integrated Approach (Eds C.K. Wilgus, B.S. Hastings, C.G.St.C. Kendall, H.W. Posamentier, C.A. Ross and J.C. Van Wagoner), SEPM Spec. Publ., 42, 109-124.
67. Pyles, D.R. and Slatt, R.M. (2000) A high-frequency sequence stratigraphic framework for the shallow through deep-water deposits of the Lewis Shale and Fox Hills Sandstone, Great Divide and Washakie basins, Wyoming. In: Deep Water Reservoirs of the World (Eds P. Weimer, R.M. Slatt, J. Coleman, N.C. Rosen, H. Nelson, A.H. Bouma, M.J. Styzen and D.T. Lawrence), Gulf Coast SEPM Foundation, 20th Annu. Res. Conf., Houston, TX, 3-6 December 2000. SEPM CD-ROM Spec. Pub., 28, 836-861.
68. Pyles, D.R. and Slatt, R.M. (2007) Applications to understanding shelf edge to base-of-slope changes in stratigraphic architecture of prograding basin margins: Stratigraphy of the Lewis Shale, Wyoming, USA. In: Atlas of Deep-Water Outcrops (Eds T.H. Nilsen, R.D. Shew, G.S. Steffens and J.R.J. Studlick), AAPG Stud. Geol., 56 (CD-ROM), 19.
69. Rich, J.L. (1951) Three critical environments of deposition and criteria for recognition of rocks deposited in each of them. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 62, 1-20.
70. Romans, B.W., Shultz, M.R., Hubbard, S.M. and Graham, S.A. (2007) Facies architecture of slope channel complexes, Tres Pasos Formation at Cerro Divisadero, southern Chile. In: Atlas of Deep-Water Outcrops (Eds T.H. Nilsen, R.D. Shew, G.S. Steffens and J.R.J. Studlick), AAPG Stud. Geol., 56, 132-135.
71. Ross, W.C., Halliwell, B.A., May, J.A., Watts, D.E. and Syvitski, J.P.M. (1994) Slope readjustment; a new model for the development of submarine fans and aprons. Geology, 22, 511-514.
72. Scott, K.M. (1966) Sedimentology and dispersal patterns of a Cretaceous flysch sequence, Patagonian Andes, southern Chile. AAPG Bull., 50, 72-107.
73. Scruton, P.C. (1960) Delta building and the deltaic sequence - recent sediments, northwest Gulf of Mexico. AAPG Symp., Tulsa, OK, 82-102.
74. Shultz, M.R. and Hubbard, S.M. (2005) Sedimentology, stratigraphic architecture, and ichnology of gravity-flow deposits partially ponded in a growth-fault-controlled slope minibasin, Tres Pasos Formation (Cretaceous), southern Chile. J. Sed. Res., 75, 440-453.
75. Shultz, M.R., Fildani, A., Cope, T.A. and Graham, S.A. (2005) Deposition and stratigraphic architecture of an outcropping ancient slope system: Tres Pasos Formation, Magallanes Basin, southern Chile. In: Submarine Slope Systems: Processes and Products (Eds D.M. Hodgson and S.S. Flint), Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 244, 27-50.
76. Smith, C. H. L. (1977) Sedimentology of the Late Cretaceous (Santonian-Maastrichtian) Tres Pasos Formation, Ultima Esperanza District, southern Chile. Master's thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 129 pp.
77. Steel, R.J., Crabaugh, J., Schellpeper, M., Mellere, D., Plink-Björklund, P., Deibert, J. and Loeseth, T. J. (2000) Deltas vs. rivers at the shelf edge: Their relative contributions to the growth of shelf margins and basin-floor fans (Barremian and Eocene, Spitsbergen). In: Deepwater Reservoirs of the World (Ed. P. Weimer), GCS-SEPM, 20th Annu. Res. Conf., Houston, TX, 3-6 December 2000. SEPM CD-ROM Spec. Pub., 28, 981-1009.
78. Suter, J.R. and Berryhill, H.L. (1985) Late Quaternary shelf-margin deltas, northwest Gulf of Mexico. AAPG Bull., 69, 77-91.
79. Sydow, J. and Roberts, H.H. (1994) Stratigraphic framework of a Late Pleistocene shelf-edge delta, northeast Gulf of Mexico. AAPG Bull., 78, 1276-1312.
80. Vail, P.R. (1987) Seismic stratigraphy interpretation using sequence stratigraphy, part 1, seismic stratigraphy interpretation procedure. In: Atlas of Seismic Stratigraphy, v. 1, (Ed. A.W. Bally), AAPG Stud. Geol., 27, 1-10.
81. Vail, P.R., Hardenbol, J. and Todd, R.G. (1984) Jurassic unconformities, chronostratigraphy, and sea-level changes from seismic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy. AAPG Mem., 36, 129-144.
82. Van Siclen, D.C. (1958) Depositional topography - examples and theory. AAPG Bull., 42, 1897-1913.
83. Van Wagoner, J.C., Mitchum, R.M., Campion, K.M. and Rahmanian, V.D. (1990) Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs, cores, and outcrops: Concepts of high-resolution correlation of time and facies. AAPG Methods Explor. Ser., 7, 63.
84. Wickens, H. de V. (1994) Basin floor fan building turbidites of the Southwestern Karoo Basin, Permian Ecca Group, South Africa. Ph.D. thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, 233 pp.
85. Wild, R.J., Hodgson, D.M. and Flint, S.S. (2005) Architecture and stratigraphic evolution of multiple, vertically-stacked slope channel complexes, Tanqua depocentre, Karoo Basin, South Africa. In: Submarine Slope Systems: Processes and Products (Eds D.M. Hodgson and S.S. Flint), Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 244, 89-111.
86. Wilson, T. J. (1991) Transition from back-arc to foreland basin development in the southernmost Andes: Stratigraphic record from the Ultima Esperanza District, Chile. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 103, 98-111.
87. Winker, C.D. and Edwards, M.B. (1983) Unstable progradational clastic shelf margins. In: The Shelf Break, Critical Interface on Continental Margins (Eds D.J. Stanley and G.T. Moore), SEPM Spec. Publ., 33, 139-157.
88. Winn, R.D. and Dott, R.H., Jr (1979) Deep-water fan-channel conglomerates of Late Cretaceous age, southern Chile. Sedimentology, 26, 203-228.
89. Wynn, R.B., Kenyon, N.H., Masson, D.G., Stow, D.A.V. and Weaver, P.P.E. (2002) Characterization and recognition of deep-water channel-lobe transition zones. AAPG Bull., 86, no. 8, 1441-1462.