Britain and the union, 1797-1801

Transactions of the Royal Historical Society

Volumn 10, Issue , 2000, Pages 197-220

  Jupp, Peter ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 62449330620     PISSN: 00804401     EISSN: 14740648     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0080440100000104     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. J.C.D. Clark, English Society 1688-1832 (Cambridge, 1985)
2. C.A. Bayly, Imperial Meridian. The British Empire and the World 1780-1830 (London, 1989)
3. J. Brewer, The Sinews of Power: War, Money and the English State 1688-1783 (London, 1989) also touches on this theme
4. L. Colley, Britons (Yale, 1992)
5. D. Eastwood, Government and Community in the English Provinces 1700-1870 (London, 1997)
6. P. Jupp, Lord Grenville 1753-1834 (Oxford, 1985)
7. M. Fry, The Dundas Despotism (Edinburgh, 1992)
8. P. Mackesy, The Strategy of Overthrow, 1798-93 (London, 1974)
9. E. Ingram, Commitment to Empire: Prophecies of the Great Game in Ask, 1737-1800 (Oxford, 1981)
10. C. Emsley, British Society and the French Wars 1733-1815 (London, 1979)
11. J.E. Cookson, The British Armed Nation 1793-1815 (Oxford, 1997)
12. D. Wilkinson, '"How Did They Pass the Union?" Secret Service Expenditure in Ireland, 1799-1804', History, vol. 82, no. 266, April 1997, 223-51
13. Times, 31 May 1798 reports a cabinet meeting on Irish affairs on the 30th which started at about 2.00 pm and lasted for some 30 minutes
14. Ehrman, Pitt, III, 172 n. 3
15. Ibid
16. Bolton, Union, 11
17. A. Aspinall, ed, The Later Correspondence of George III (5 vols, Cambridge, 1962-70), III, xv-xvii
18. NAS, Melville Mss. GD 51/1/331/22, Lord Cornwallis to Henry Dundas, 19 Feb. 1800
19. Lord Minto was very critical of the management of Irish affairs at this time, see NLS, Minto Mss., 11052 fos. 13-16, 88-9., 124-7, Lord Minto to Lady Minto, 16 June, 22 Nov., 15 Dec. 1798. In the first of these letters Minto alleges that Pitt failed to tell Portland of his sending of Cornwallis to Ireland
20. Fears of an invasion were particularly strong in the first three weeks of May, see leader comment in The Times, 18, 21 May 1798
21. For additional information on this point see J.M. Sherwig, Guineas and Gunpowder. British Foreign Aid in the Wars with France 1733-1815 (Cambridge, Mass., 1969), 103-4
22. See, in particular, Cookson, Armed Nation, chapters 1-3 and 6
23. It is notable that other ministers (Grenville excepted) placed most stress on the political advantages of a Union in Ireland and rarely mention the impact on war policy. 30 Bolton, Union, 116-8, 200-1
24. R.G. Thorne (ed.), The History of Parliament: the Commons, 1730-1820 (5 vols., London, 1986), 1, 149
25. The Times, 7 Aug. 1800
26. Parl. Hist., xxxiii, clms. 157-65
27. Pitt (31 Jan. 1799; 21 Apr. 1800)
28. Hawkesbury (31 Jan. 1799)
29. Windham (7 Feb. 1799)
30. Sir John Mitford (Sol.-Genl., 14 Feb. 1799)
31. Grenville (19 Mar. 1799)
32. Auckland (11 Apr. 1799)
33. Laurence (31 Jan.; 11 Feb. 1799)
34. Tierney (7, II Feb. 1799)
35. R. Fitzpatrick (II Feb. 1799)
36. B. Hobhouse (14 Feb. 1799)
37. I have in mind here Isaac Cruikshank's 'An Irish Union' pub. 30 Jan. 1799 (BM 9344) where Pitt and Dundas are portrayed trying to tie the hands of 'Paddy' who is asking Dundas, 'Now is it Blareying you at' and 'John Bull' with the latter saying 'This may be Nation good Fun -but dang my buttons if 1 know what it is about! & Cousin Paddy dont seem quite clear in the case neether.' Paddy and John Bull were represented in various ways during this period
38. So far 1 have identified 171 Union pamphlets from the catalogues of the Linen Hall Library, Belfast, the Local History Section of the Belfast Central Library, the search facilities of COPAC and the London newspapers. My guess is that this is about the total number that were published
39. M. D. George, British Museum Catalogue of Political and Personal Satires (vol. vii, 1793-1800, London, 1942)
40. The Sun, 4 Jan. 1799, 2 Jan. 1800
41. The Leeds Intelligencer, 9 July 1798
42. James J. Sack, From Jacobite to Conservative. Reaction and orthodoxy in Britam c. 1760-1832 (Cambridge University Press, 1993), 226-7, 240
43. The twelve English pro-Union newspapers were: Berrow's Worcester Journal, Coventry Mercury, Derby Mercury, Felix Farley's Bristol Journal (4 Jan. 1800)
44. Hampshire Chronicle (4 Feb. 1799)
45. Ipswich Journal, Jackson's Oxford Journal (4 Feb. 1799, 3 Jan. 1801)
46. Kentish Gazette (5 June, 3 July 1798, 22 Jan. 1799)
47. Leeds Mercury (2, 9 Feb. 1799)
48. Leeds Inlelligencer, Manchester Mercury (15 Jan. 1799)
49. The Times, 1 Jan. 1801
50. The five provincial anti-Union papers were: Cambridge Intelligencer (2 June 1798, 2 Feb. 1799)
51. Chester Chronicle (8 June 1798)
52. Kentish Chronicle (8 June 1798)
53. Newcastle Chronicle (28 July, 11 Aug. 1798, 16 Feb. 1799)
54. The Morning Post, 13 June 1798, 22 Jan. 1799, are good examples
55. Sussex Weekly Advertiser; or Lewes Journal, 28 Jan. 1800