Latter rain falling in the east: Early-twentieth-century Pentecostalism in India and the debate over speaking in tongues

Church History

Volumn 68, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 648-665

  McGee, Gary B ^a  

^a Assemblies of God Theological Seminary ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 62449298045     PISSN: 00096407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3170042     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Memoir of Anthony Norris Groves, 3d ed. (London: James Nisbet, 1869), 571-640
2. W. J. Richards, "The 'Six Year's Party' in Travancore," Church Missionary Intelligencer and Record, Nov. 1882, 660-67
3. Harlan P. Beach, A Geography and Atlas of Protestant Missions (New York: Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions, 1906), 2: 19
4. Gary B. McGee, "Pentecostal Phenomena and Revivals in India: Implications for Indigenous Church Leadership," International Bulletin of Missionary Research 20 (1996): 112-14, 116-17
5. Bartleman, Azusa Street, 63
6. Donald W. Dayton, Theological Roots of Pentecostalism (Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1987), 87-113
7. Untitled note. Apostolic Faith (Los Angeles), Nov. 1906, 2, col. 4
8. W. McDonald and John E. Searles, The Life of Rev. John S. Inskip (Boston: McDonald and Gill, 1885), 329-41
9. Robert P. Wilder, "Power from on High," in A Spiritual Awakening Among India's Students (Madras: Addison, 1896), 26
10. "The Revival in the Khassia Hills," Christian Patriot, 29 April 1905, 3
11. Minnie F. Abrams, "The Baptism of the Holy Ghost and Fire," Indian Witness, 26 April 1906, 261. It should be noted that the girl had prayed to be baptized in the Spirit before she went to sleep
12. For instance, J. Pengwern Jones, "The Revival in the Khassia Hills," Indian Witness, 7 June 1906, 359
13. idem, "The Battles of a Faith Missionary," Latter Rain Evangel, March 1910, 13-18
14. Minnie F. Abrams, "The Baptism of the Holy Ghost and Fire," Bombay Guardian, 9 June 1906, 9
15. J. E. Robinson, "Days of Blessing and Power at Asansol," Indian Witness, 21 December 1905, 804
16. cf. idem, "Mrs. Penn-Lewis on the True and False in the Revival," Indian Witness, 28 March 1907, 202-203
17. Gary B. McGee, "The Radical Strategy in Modern Mission: The Linkage of Paranormal Phenomena with Evangelism," in The Holy Spirit and Mission Dynamics, ed. C. Douglas McConnell, Evangelical Missiological Society Series 5 (Pasadena, Calif.: William Carey Library, 1997), 69-95
18. For a similar tactic in regard to the occurrence of tongues in Bombay in July, see Dyer, Revival in India, 88
19. cf. Minnie F. Abrams, Baptism of the Holy Ghost and Fire, 2d ed. (Kedgaon: Mukti Mission Press, 1906), 69
20. Abrams, Baptism of the Holy Ghost, 69
21. Maud Wiest, "Editorials," India Alliance, Sept. 1906, 30
22. "Pentecost in India," Apostolic Faith (Los Angeles), Nov. 1906, 1, col. 4
23. Rachel Nalder, "Miracles of Salvation, Healing, Provision and Protection," Latter Rain Evangel, Nov. 1908, 10
24. See Minnie F. Abrams, "A New Outpouring of the Holy Spirit at Mukti; Accompanied by the Gift of Tongues," Faith Work in India, 10 July 1907
25. Ramabai, "Showers of Blessing," Mukti Prayer-Bell, Sept. 1907, 5
26. Minnie Abrams, "A Message from Mukti," Confidence, 15 Sept. 1908, 14
27. Cited in "And Fire," Indian Witness, 6 Dec. 1906, 772
28. Minnie F. Abrams, "Mukti Mission," Mukti Prayer-Bell, Sept. 1907, 21
29. A. B. Simpson, "Special Manifestations," Tenth Annual Report of the Christian and Missionary Alliance, 1907, 6
30. idem, "Special Field - India," Tenth Annual Report, 14-17
31. William J. Seymour, The Doctrines and Discipline of the Azusa Street Apostolic Faith Mission of Los Angeles, Cal. (Los Angeles: by the author, 1915), 52
32. William Hamner Piper, "Manifestations and 'Demonstrations' of the Spirit," Latter Rain Evangel, Oct. 1908, 18
33. Minnie F. Abrams, "The Object of the Baptism in the Holy Spirit," Latter Rain Evangel, May 1911, 10
34. See F. E. Marsh, "Pastor O. Stockmayer on the Gift of Tongues," Christian Alliance and Missionary Weekly, 13 March 1909, 397
35. Moorhead, "Latter Rain in Calcutta," 9
36. for his testimony of Spirit baptism, see, "A Personal Testimony," Cloud of Witnesses to Pentecost in India, Sept. 1907, 36-38
37. For Garr's account of the revival in Calcutta, see B. F. Lawrence, The Apostolic Faith Restored: A History of the Present Latter Rain Outpouring of the Holy Spirit Known as the Apostolic or Pentecostal Movement (St. Louis: Gospel Publishing House, 1916), 96-105
38. Sister A. G. Garr, "In Calcutta, India," Apostolic Faith (Los Angeles), April 1907, 1, col. 1
39. Hook's advice on seeking for tongues sounds more like that of Abrams than Garr; see C. H. Hook, "A Message from Camberwell," Confidence, 15 Oct. 1908, 11
40. for more information, see Gary B. McGee, "Early Pentecostal Herme-neutics: Tongues as Evidence in the Book of Acts," in Initial Evidence: Historical and Biblical Perspectives on the Pentecostal Doctrine of Spirit Baptism (Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1991), 96-118
41. For an assessment of the claims about the Calcutta revival, see the untitled news report in Indian Witness, 1 Aug. 1907, 494
42. A. G. Garr, "Tongues, The Bible Evidence," Cloud of Witnesses to Pentecost in India, Sept. 1907, 43
43. Max Wood Moorhead, "A Short History of the Pentecostal Movement," Cloud of Witnesses to Pentecost in India, Nov. 1908, 21-22
44. Easton later joined the Assemblies of God; see Edith L. Blumhofer, "Woman to Woman: Susan Easton's Missionary Vision," Assemblies of God Heritage 12 (1992-1993): 4-8, 26
45. R. J. Ward, "The Prayer Circular and the Gift of Tongues," Prayer Circular, April 1907
46. Price, "Manifestations Genuine and Counterfeit," Indian Witness, 18 April 1907, 251
47. H. Gulliford, "Speaking with Tongues," Harvest Field, April 1907, 133
48. Arthur T. Pierson, "Speaking in Tongues - II," MRW 20 (1907): 683
49. see "Editorials," Aug. 1907, 19
50. R. E. Massey, 'Tongues, the Bible Evidence; The Great Issue," Cloud of Witnesses to Pentecost in India, Aug. 1909, 6
51. Max Wood Moorhead, "How Pentecost Came to Calcutta," Latter Rain Evangel, Dec. 1913, 23
52. "A Late Report from Bombay," Apostolic Faith (Portland), July / August 1908, 3
53. and Max Wood Moorhead, "India," Confidence, 15 Sept. 1908, 20
54. Joe Creech, "Visions of Glory: The Place of the Azusa Street Revival in Pentecostal History," Church History 65 (1996): 407
55. For instance, Vinson Synan, introduction to Bartleman, Azusa Street, ix
56. Walter J. Hollenweger, Pentecostalism: Origins and Developments Worldwide (Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1997), 18-24
57. "Brief History of the Latter Rain Revival of 1910," Word and Work, May 1910, 138-41
58. Willis C. Hoover, "The Wonderful Works of God in Chili," Latter Rain Evangel, April 1911, 19
59. see A. B. Simpson, "Work in Chile, S. A.," Word and Work, May 1910, 157
60. See H. C. Ball and A. E. Luce, Glimpses of Our Latin American Work in the United States and Mexico (Springfield, Mo.: Foreign Missions Department, Assemblies of God, 1940)
61. Victor De Leon, The Silent Pentecostals: A Biographical History of the Pentecostal Movement among the Hispanics in the Twentieth Century (Taylors, S.C.: Faith Printing, 1979), 19-23
62. Gary B. McGee, "Pioneers of Pentecost: Alice E. Luce and Henry C. Ball," Assemblies of God Heritage 5 (1985): 6, 12