A letter from Gorgippean rural estates

Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 232-244

  Vinogradov, Yu G ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 62449295502     PISSN: 0929077X     EISSN: 15700577     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/157005797X00063     Document Type: Letter

References (57)

1. F. V. Shelov-Kovedyaev, VDI, 1985, No. 1, p. 57-72
2. idem, VDI, 1988, No. 4, p. 81-83.
3. Yu. G. Vinogradov, V. V. Krapivina, "Olbia and Bosporus in the early 4th century B. C. in the light of a newly found dossier," Antichnye polisy i mestnoye naseleniye Prichernomor'ya. Sevastopol, 1995, p. 69-78
4. Yu. G. Vinogradov, Pontische Studien. Mainz, 1997, p. 515-525.
5. T. V. Blavatskaya, "Dedication of Leucon," SA, 1993, No. 2, p. 34-47.
6. The document requires a revised publication prepared by the author of this article, cf. Yu. G. Vinogradov, Bull. ép. 1996, 306 = SEG XLIII 515.
7. A. Thumb, A. Scherer, Handbuch der griechischen Dialekte. Heidelberg, 1959, p. 252, 311, 5.
8. A. I. Dovatur, "A brief survey of the language of the Bosporan inscriptions," CIRB, 1965, p. 801, IA. 4.
9. It is enough to give several examples of private letters on ostraca taken at random: In the Northern Black Sea area: 1) a 6th century B. C. letter on a fragment of a painted amphora from Olbia (A. S. Rusjaeva, Yu. G. Vinogradov, "Der "Brief des Priesters" aus Hylaia," in: Gold der Steppe. Ausstellungskatalog. Schleswig, 1991, p. 201 f. )
10. 2) a letter by Olbian naukleroi on an amphora fragment, 4th century B. C. (N. V. Shebalin, "To the Olbian state antiquities," AIKSP, 1968, p. 296-300)
11. 3) a letter on an amphora fragment from the Olbian chora, 4th century B. C. (Yu. G. Vinogradov, N. V. Golovacheva, "New source on the expedition of Zopyrion," Numizmaticheskie issledovaniya po istorii Yugo-Vostochnoj Evropy. Kishinev, 1990, p. 15-30)
12. 4) a letter on an amphora fragment from Kerkinitis, late 5th century B. C. (E. I. Solomonik, "Two ancient letters from the Crimea," VDI, 1987, No. 3, p. 114-125 = SEG XXXVII 665; XL 625).
13. In the Mediterranean: 5) a message on the bottom of a Corinthian scyphos of the 6th century B. C. from Athens (M. Lang, "Graffiti and Dipinti," Athenian Agora, XXI. Princeton, 1976, p. 8, B1)
14. a note on the bottom of a Campanian bowl of the 3rd-2nd century from Ligurian Olbia (M. Guarducci, Epigrafia greca, III. Rome, 1975, p. 320)
15. See L. Threatte, The Grammar of Attic Inscriptions. Berlin, 1980, p. 199-202.
16. This widespread Greek anthroponym has been many times registered on Bosporus, though from a later period (CIRB, p. 852
17. 4th century B. C. gravestone CIRB 1233, set for Angelippos, son of Apollonides, from Chios). In the Gorgippean agonistic catalogue of the early 3rd century the closely related 'Απολλώ νιος appears several times as a name and a patronymic: CIRB 1137 A 1. 9, 20, 24, 39; A 2-15; B 1. 12, 46, 62; B 2. 26 (?). On the date of the catalogue see N. S. Belova, VDI, 1984, No. 2, p. 83.
18. Like in the letter on a fragment from Kerkinitis: Áατ δριος Νεομηνι ωι (see note 10, No. 4), or in the address of the lead ineditum from Olbia: Απατδριος Λεανακτι (cf. at the beginning of the letter: Ληνακτι Απατ δριος). For a father's address to his son see the letter by Achilodoros: παρα τομ παϊδα (Yu. G. Vinogradov, VDI, 1971, No. 4, p. 74 f; SEG XL 609, bibl. ).
19. A classical reference-work on this subject is still H. Blümner, Technologie und Terminologie der Gewerbe und Künste bei Griechen und Römern, II. Leipzig, 1879, p. 200-203, 300.
20. LSJ cites both terms: Il. XIII, 612
21. Pollux X, 146
22. 3 22 = M-L 12. 22: φυτουργους . . . [Ι]ερους Áολλ [ω]νος; cf. B. Funk. VDI, 1990, No. 2, p. 14 f.
23. Taking into account the comparatively early, late classical date of the composition of the document it seems hardly possible to see in the omission of iota in this word a reflection of the vernacular language: systematic change of αι > α in a similar position appears only in the Imperial period - see J. Zingerle, "Volkssprache aus griechischen Inschriften. I," Glotta 16, 1928, S. 145-151
24. cf. G. Petzl, "Die Beichtinschriften Kleinasiens," Ep. Anal. 22, 1994, p. XI, note 16 (I owe the reference to the work by Zingerle to G. Petzl).
25. L. Threatte (op. cit. , p. 269 f) is sure that the replacement of diphtong αι〈 by a in lapidary inscriptions as well as in graffiti and dipinti of the Hellenistic period was due to a careless and incomplete reproduction of the diphtongs.
26. The abundant literature dealing with this problem is summarised in a recent work by G. Cohen, "Katoikiai, Katoikoi and Macedonians in Asia Minor," Ancient Society, 22, 1991, p. 41-50.
27. L. Robert. Documents d'Asie Mineure. Paris, 1987, p. 535-538.
28. Cf. A. Chaniotis, Epigraphica Anatolica, 21 (1993), 36 f. , note 13.
29. Cf. for example TAM V, 1. 1 (2nd century B. C. ).
30. Ellipse of the definite article by οcombining comma abovéιcursive Greek chiωι is quite justified by epigraphic parallels from the Black Sea area, see Yu. G. Vinogradov, VDI, 1984, No. 1, p. 64
31. cf. R. Kühner, B. Gerth, Ausführliche Grammatik der griechischer Sprache, II, 2. Hannover-Leipzig, 1898, p. 602 f. , 462 b.
32. For (οcombining reversed comma above)cursive Greek chiοι̃ος et sim. see Fr. Bechtel, Die griechischen Dialekte, III, p. 87-89
33. Schwyzer. Op. cit. , S 288
34. Thumb, Scherer. Op. cit. , p. 262 f. , § 311. 15.
35. On the use of nom. in enumerations independently of the construction of the preceding sentence (in our case it would have required acc. ) see: Kühner, Gerth. Op. cit. , II, 2, Berlin, 1898, p. 45 f.
36. See: Bechtel. Op. cit. , III, p. 35-39
37. Schwyzer, Op. cit. , I, p. 220 f.
38. For example, on gravestones from Chersonesus (E. I. Solomonik, NEPKh I, [1964] 46; II [1973] 43, p. 139 = 141); comm
39. cf. The stelai from Sparta (P. Oliva. Sparta and her Social Problems. Amsterdam-Prague, 1971, Pl. 64
40. Guarducci, Epigrafia greca, III (1974), 51-53, fig. 23, 24) with a bronze (cult?) knife set in marble.
41. This oration is usually dated before 338 or 340 B. C. , see: S. Isager, M. H. Hansen, Aspects of Athenian Society in the Fourth Century B. C. , Odense, 1975, p. 169 f.
42. [Dem. ] XXXV, 32.
43. S. A. Zhebelev, SP (1953), p. 125.
44. V. D. Blavatskij, Agriculture in the Ancient States of the Northern Black Sea. Moscow, 1953, p. 168 f.
45. V. F. Gaidukevič, Das Bosporanische Reich. Berlin, 1971, p. 164 with note 123
46. cf. I. T. Kruglikova, Agriculture of Bosporus. Moscow, 1975, p. 156.
47. E. A. Molev, "Archaeological Study of Kytaia in 1970-1983," Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki Yugo-Vostochnoj Evropy. Kursk, 1985, p. 50, fig. 7, 1.
48. This reading with a preliminary commentary was suggested by Yu. G. Vinogradov, Bulletin épigraphique 1990, 595 = SEG XL 629.
49. PHib. 110, 14
50. PCorn. 3, 25
51. PCair. Zen. III, 333. 31, 75; IV, 669. 12.
52. See: Yu. G. Vinogradov, VDI, 1984, No. 1, p. 58 f.
53. Preliminary information, see: N. L. Grach, "The Discovery of a New Historical Source in Nymphaeum," VDI, 1984, No. 1, p. 81-88
54. eadem, Arkheologiya. B7 (1987), p. 81-92
55. eadem, Skythika. Abh. Akad. München 98 (1908), p. 87-95.
56. Hurried ("re")publications by V. P. Yailenko ("Olbia and Bosporus in the Hellenistic Epoch," Ellinizm I. Moscow, 1990, p. 303-306
57. idem, "Women, Aphrodite and Priestess of the Spartocids in New Bosporan Inscriptions," Zhenstchina v antichnom mire. Moscow, 1995, p. 230-272) lack professionalism and the author's personal acquaintance with the original.