Victory in a nuclear war? A comparison of NATO and WTO war aims and strategies

Contemporary European History

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 311-327

  Heuser, Beatrice ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 62449268760     PISSN: 09607773     EISSN: 14692171     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0960777300004264     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. For a development of this hypothesis, see Beatrice Heuser, Nuclear Mentalities? Strategies and Belief-Systems in Britain, France and the FRG, (London: Macmillan, 1998)
2. Cf. Brian Bond, The Pursuit of Victory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996)
3. and John Alger, The Questfor Victory: the History of the Principles of War (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982)
4. Beatrice Heuser, NATO, Britain, France and the FRG: Nuclear Strategies and Forces for Europe, 1949-2000 (London: Macmillan, 1997), ch. 1
5. Michael Ploetz, 'The Second Cold War from an East German perspective'. (Ph.D. dissertation, King's College, University of London, September 1997)
6. Paul Buteux, The Politics of Nuclear Consultation in NATO, 1965-1980 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983)
7. Heuser, Nuclear Strategies and Forces, ch. 2
8. FRUS 1949 Vol. IV, 352 ff
9. see also Anthony Cave Brown, ed., Operation World War III: the secret American plan 'DROPSHOT'for war until the Soviet Union, 1957 (London: Arms & Armour Press, 1979), 48, 241-6
10. For the effect of the developments of 1949-50 on US strategic planning (in the form of NSC 68) and, in turn, on NATO strategy, leading to the Lisbon force goals, see Beatrice Heuser, 'NSC 68 and the Soviet threat: a new perspective on Western threat perception and policy making', Review of International Studies, Vol. XVII (1991), 17-40
11. COS(45)402(o), quoted in Julian Lewis, Changing Direction: British Military Planning for Post-War Strategic Defence, 1942-1947 (London: Sherwood Press, 1988), 187
12. General Paul Stehlin, 'The evolution of Western defense", Foreign Affairs, Vol. XLII (1963), 80
13. Jean de Broglie, 'Relations atlantiques et conférence de sécurité européenne', Revue défenser nationale, Vol. XXVIII (1972), 1415
14. General André Beaufre, 'Le rôle ambigu des armes nucléaires', Le Figaro (26 July 1974)
15. C. Pierpont, 'Effets psychologiques de l'arme nucléaire', Revue Militaire d'Information, Vol. CCLXIV (1964) 13
16. Lawrence Freedman, The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy (London: Macmillan, 2nd edn. 1989), 292 f
17. Robert Wampler, NATO Strategic Planning and Nuclear Weapons 1950-1957, Nuclear History Program Occasional Paper No. 6 (University of Maryland: CISSM, 1990), 43
18. PRO, CAB 131/25, D(61)2 of 13 Jan. 1961, Annex A: 'N.A.T.O. Strategy and Nuclear Weapons'
19. J. Michael Legge, Theater Nuclear Weapons and the NATO Strategy of Flexible Response, RAND Paper R-2964-FF (Santa Monica, CA.: RAND, April 1983), 17-21
20. Holger Mey, NATO Strategie vor der Wende: Die Entwicklung des Verständnisses nuklearer Macht im Bündnis zwischen 1967 und 1900 (Baden Baden: Nomos, 1992), 70-1
21. For a translation of his summary of the GPGs, see Heuser, 'European defence before and after', 412-13
22. Michael Forster, 'AirLand Battle 1986: Das Ziel bleibt Abschreckung' Europäische Wehrkunde, Vol. XXXVI (1987), 672 f
23. Helmut Kohl, 'Deutsche Sicherheitspolitik vor neuen Aufgaben', Bulletin des Presse - und Informationsamtes der Bundesrepublik, No. 21 (23. Feb. 1984), 188
24. Quoted in Manfred Backerra, 'Zur sowjetischen Militärdoktrin', Beiträge zur Konfliktforschung, Vol. XIII (1983). 49
25. Quoted in Backerra, 'Zur sowjetischen Militärdoktrin' 48
26. Quoted in Steven P. Adragna, 'A New Soviet Military? Doctrine and Strategy', Orbis, Vol. XXXIII (1989), 170, emphasis added
27. Vladimir Iljich Lenin, Clausewitz' Werk 'Vom Kriege': Auszüge und Randglossen. (Berlin: Verlag des Ministeriums für Nationale Verteidigung, 1947)
28. Verlag des Ministeriums für Nationale Verteidigung (1958) 516-17
29. see also Jacob W. Kipp, 'Lenin and Clausewitz: The Militarization of Marxism, 1915-1921', in Willard Frank and Philip Gilette eds., Soviet Military Doctrine from Lenin to Gorbachev, 1915-1991 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1992), 64-78
30. Phillip A. Petersen and John G. Hines, 'The conventional offensive in Soviet theater strategy', Orbis, Vol. XXVII (1983), 696-7
31. V. D. Sokolovskij et al., Military Strategy: Soviet Doctrine and Concepts (New York: Frederick Praeger, 1963), 18
32. Peer H. Lange, 'Die sowjetische Militärdoktrin und der Westen' Europa-Archiv Vol. XXXIX (1984), 181
33. Hans-Henning Schröder, 'Die Verteidigungspolitik der UdSSR 1987-1989', BIOST, Bericht No. 14 (1989) 18 f
34. see also Richard Pipes, 'Why the Soviet Union thinks it could fight and win a nuclear war', Commentary, Vol. LXIV (1977), 21-34
35. A. E. Bovin, 'Vojna', in Filosofskij Enciklopediceskij Slovar (Moscow, 1966), vol. 1, 553
36. Quoted in Schröder, 'Die Verteidigungspolirik der UdSSR 1987-1989', 19
37. for a discussion, see Jacob W. Kipp: 'Soviet military doctrine and conventional arms control', Military Review, Vol. LXVIII (1988)
38. General Jacques Laurent, ed., Doctrine Mititaire de l'URSS (Projet, Centre de la Sociologie de la Défense Nationale) (December 1990)
39. Laurent, Doctrine Militaire de l'URSS, 30, my emphasis
40. See also the first NATO Strategic Concept, Foreign Relations of the United States, Vol. IV Western Europe (US Government Printing Office, Washington, 1975), 353-6
41. Cf. Beatrice Heuser: 'Warsaw Pact Military Doctrines in the 70s and 80s: Findings in the East German Archives', Comparative Strategy, Vol. XII (1993), 437