Messianism, holiness, charisma, and community: The American-Swedish colony in Jerusalem, 1881-1933

Church History

Volumn 65, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 641-657

  Ariel, Yaakov ^a   Kark, Ruth ^b  

^a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill   (United States)

^b HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 62449251465     PISSN: 00096407     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0009640700118840     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Ruth Kark, "Millenarism and Agricultural Settlement in the Holy Land in the Nineteenth Century "Journal of Historical Geography 9 (1983): 1-17
2. and Robert Murray, Till Jorsala (Stockholm, 1969), pp. 236-239
3. Bertha Spafford Vester, Our Jerusalem (Garden City, N.Y., 1950), pp. 1-61
4. See Clarke Garrett, Respectable Folly: Millenarians and the French Revolution in France and England (Baltimore, Md., 1975)
5. W. H. Oliver, Prophets and Millennialists: The Uses of Biblical Prophecy in England from the 1790s to the 1840s (Auckland, New Zealand, 1978)
6. and John F. C. Harrison, The Second Coming: Popular Millenarianism 1780-1850 (New Brunswick, N.J., 1979)
7. Franz Kobler, The Vision Was There (London, 1956)
8. and Barbara W. Tuchman, Bible and Sword (London, 1983)
9. See Clarence B. Bass, Backgroundto Dispensationalism (Grand Rapids, Mich., 1960)
10. Dave MacPherson, The Incredible Cover Up: The True Story of the Pre-Trib Rapture (Plainfield, N.J., 1975)
11. and Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism: British and American Millenarianism, 1800-1930 (Grand Rapids, Mich., 1978)
12. Yaakov Ariel, On Behalf of Israel: American Fundamentalist Attitudes toward Jews, Judaism, and Zionism, 1865-1945 (New York, 1991), pp. 25-54
13. George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth-Century Evangelicalism, 1870-1925 (New York, 1980), pp. 72-80
14. See Donald W. Dayton, Theological Roots of Pentecostalism (Grand Rapids, Mich., 1987), pp. 101-106
15. Melvin E. Dieter, "The Smiths - A Biographical Sketch with Selected Items from the Collection," Asbury Seminarian 38 (1983): 7-42
16. Vester, Our Jerusalem, pp. 45-46
17. Chicago Daily News, 5 January 1898
18. Spafford to Smith, 25 January 1883, Smith Archive. A copy of the Mi SheBe'rach blessing composed by the Yemenites for Spafford is on display in a historical exhibition organized by the American Colony Hotel, Jerusalem
19. Spafford to Smith and others, 25 January 1883, Smith Archive
20. Ruth Kark, "William H. Rudy and his Route from Chicago to The American-Swedish Colony in Jerusalem," Ariel 100 (1994): 33-43 (in Hebrew)
21. Edith Larsson, Dalafolk i Heligt Land (Stockholm, 1957), pp. 1-8
22. Ulf Beijbom, Swedes in Chicago: A Demographic and Social Study of the 1846-1880 Immigration (Växjö, Sweden, 1971), pp. 264-265
23. and Paul Elmen, "The American-Swedish Kibbutz," Swedish Pioneer Historical Quarterly 32 (1981): 205-218
24. Larsson, English MS, p. 17
25. Olof Fahlén, Nåsbönderna i Jerusalem, Berällelsen om en marklig utvandring (Lund, Sweden, 1988), p. 23
26. Fahlén, Nåsbönderna, pp. 20-30
27. and Murray, Till Jorsala, p. 243
28. Dov Gavish, "The American Colony and its Photographers," in Zev Vilnay's Jubilee Volume, ed. Ely Schiller (Jerusalem, 1984), pp. 127-144
29. Lars Lind and Tord Wallström, Jerusalem Fararna (Stockholm, 1981)
30. Larsson, Dalafolk
31. Selma Lagerlöf, Jerusalem, 2 vols. (London, 1913)
32. and Lagerlöf, "Address to the Universal Christian Conference in Stockholm" (Stockholm, 1925), pp. 1-4
33. Robert Fogarty, All Things New: American Communes and Utopian Movements, 1860-1914 (Chicago, 1990), p. 19
34. Chicago Daily News, 14-15 May 1895
35. Spafford to Smith, 17 January 1900, Smith Archive
36. For imagery of the "Bride" in the context of return and redemption, see Isaiah 61:10
37. Spafford to Smith, 25 January 1883, Smith Archive; Lind and Wallström, Jerusalem Fararna, pp. 50-92
38. David Yellin, The Writings of David Yellin (Jerusalem, 1972), 1:34-35 (for 1896)
39. and Annie Aiken, reported in Chicago Daily News, 14-15 May 1895
40. See a hymn found in William Rudy's possession, RG84/Jerusalem No. 27/Rudy, USNA; and Marsden, Fundamentalism, pp. 72-80
41. Fogarty, All Things New, p. 84
42. and Vincent John Heyl, "A Study in the Social and Religious in Modern Jerusalem," The Independent, 7 March 1889, pp. 1-3
43. See Marsden, Fundamentalism, p. 77
44. Elmer T. Clark, The Small Sects in America, rev. ed. (New York, 1949), pp. 11-24
45. and Yaacov Oved, Two Hundred Years of American Communes (Oxford, 1988), pp. 369-377
46. Vester's account treats the matter as a personal choice not binding on the group as a whole; in Vester, Our Jerusalem, p. 201
47. and Anna Grace Lind, 'The House on the Wall" (Jerusalem, 1974?), p. 5, American Colony Archive
48. Lagerlöf, "Address," pp. 1-4
49. and Yellin, Writings, pp. 34-35
50. Alexander H. Ford, "Our American Colony," Applelon's Magazine 8 (1906): 634-655
51. and Fahlén, Nåsböndama, pp. 175-185
52. Kark, "William Rudy," pp. 38-39
53. Quoted in Vivian D. Lipman, Americans and the Holy Land through British Eyes, 1820-1917: A Documentary History (London, 1989), pp. 153-157
54. Die Warte des Tempels, 14 February 1884, pp. 11-12
55. On Merrill's attitude towards the Colony, see Ford, "Our American Colony," pp. 634-655
56. See, for example, Hymns of the Christian Life (Harrisburg, Pa., 1936), p. 125
57. Rosabeth Moss Kanter, Commitment and Community (Cambridge, Mass., 1977), pp. 138-145
58. See, for example, Elisabeth Sommer, "A Different Kind of Freedom? Order and Discipline among the Moravian Brethren in Germany and Salem, North Carolina 1771-1801," Church History 63 (1994): 221-234. The situation among the second-generation settlers in Salem, N.C., resembles that of the American-Swedish Colony (although the official framework in Salem remained)