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Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 203-224

Formalizing the rule of law in Prussia: The supreme administrative law court, 1876-1914

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EID: 62449204315     PISSN: 00089389     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156916104323121456     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (26)

References (72)
  • 2
    • 0011340920 scopus 로고
    • Jahrhundert: Geschichte der Ideen und Institutionen, Stuttgart, 623-53
    • Krieger endorses and extends the earlier critique of Gneist's Rechtsstaat doctrine found in Heinrich Heffter, Die deutsche Selbstverwaltung im 19. Jahrhundert: Geschichte der Ideen und Institutionen (Stuttgart, 1950), 372-403, 623-53
    • (1950) Die deutsche Selbstverwaltung im 19 , pp. 372-403
    • Heffter, H.1
  • 3
    • 79956700014 scopus 로고
    • Juridical and Political Responsibility in Nineteenth-Century Germany
    • ed. Leonard Krieger and Fritz Stern, (Garden City, N.Y., quotation from 180
    • Otto Pflanze, "Juridical and Political Responsibility in Nineteenth-Century Germany," in The Responsibility of Power: Historical Essays in Honor of Hajo Holborn, ed. Leonard Krieger and Fritz Stern, (Garden City, N.Y., 1967), 162-82, quotation from 180
    • (1967) The Responsibility of Power: Historical Essays in Honor of Hajo Holborn , pp. 162-182
    • Pflanze, O.1
  • 9
    • 79956700009 scopus 로고
    • 3 vols. Freiburg im Breisgau, 1888-90)
    • Useful surveys of administrative law and the system of administrative law courts are: Conrad Bornhak, Preussisches Staatsrecht, 3 vols. (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1888-90), 2 (1889): 397-497
    • (1889) Preussisches Staatsrecht , vol.2 , pp. 397-497
    • Bornhak, C.1
  • 10
    • 85038713810 scopus 로고
    • Kritische Beiträge zur Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit in Preussen
    • Dr.jur. diss, University of Königsberg
    • Wichard von Bredow, "Kritische Beiträge zur Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit in Preussen" (Dr.jur. diss., University of Königsberg, 1922)
    • (1922)
    • Wichard von Bredow1
  • 15
    • 85038800413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • the translation here is taken from The German Empire 1871-1918, trans. Kim Traynor (Leamington Spa, 1985), 128
    • the translation here is taken from The German Empire 1871-1918, trans. Kim Traynor (Leamington Spa, 1985), 128
  • 19
    • 85038740897 scopus 로고
    • The Rule of Law: Its Nature and General Applications
    • 8th ed, London, reprint ed, Indianapolis, 1st ed, London, chap. IV:, 1982
    • Albert Venn Dicey, Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution, 8th ed. (London, 1915; reprint ed., Indianapolis, 1982; 1st ed., London, 1885), chap. IV: "The Rule of Law: Its Nature and General Applications," 107-22
    • (1885) Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution , pp. 107-122
    • Venn Dicey, A.1
  • 22
    • 60950388042 scopus 로고
    • Rechtsstaat
    • 5 vols, Berlin, 5: cols, col, 372
    • Michael Stolleis, "Rechtsstaat," in Handwörterbuch zur Deutschen Rechtsgeschichte, ed. Adalbert Erler, et al., 5 vols. (Berlin, 1971-98), 5: cols. 367-75, col. 372
    • (1971) Handwörterbuch zur Deutschen Rechtsgeschichte , pp. 367-375
    • Stolleis, M.1
  • 23
    • 0012674058 scopus 로고
    • The Rule of Law and Its Virtue
    • Oxford
    • Anglo-American scholars consistently note the problems associated with attaching any precise meaning to the concept of the rule of law. Joseph Raz, "The Rule of Law and Its Virtue," in idem, The Authority of Law (Oxford, 1979), 210-29
    • (1979) The Authority of Law , pp. 210-229
    • Raz, J.1
  • 25
    • 0043270064 scopus 로고
    • Der Rechtsstaat und die rule of law
    • Noting that difficulty, and the rather limited nature of the concept, others differ from Böckenförde and other Germans and equate the rule of law and the Rechtsstaat. D. Neil MacCormick, "Der Rechtsstaat und die rule of law," Juristen Zeitung 39 (1984): 65-70
    • (1984) Juristen Zeitung , vol.39 , pp. 65-70
    • MacCormick, D.N.1
  • 31
    • 61349117896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berlin
    • The celebratory schema as one of a triumphal march from the tutelary Polizeistaat to the apogee of protection of individual rights, the Rechtsstaat, through these three stages, is explicit in Walter Jellinek, Verwaltungsrecht, 2d ed. (Berlin, 1929), 75-92
    • (1929) Verwaltungsrecht, 2d ed. , pp. 75-92
    • Jellinek, W.1
  • 32
    • 85038703998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Der Weg zur neuzeitlichen Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit: Ihre Vorstufen und dogmatischen Grundlagen
    • ed. Külz and Naumann
    • and Martin Sellmann, "Der Weg zur neuzeitlichen Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit: Ihre Vorstufen und dogmatischen Grundlagen," in Staatsbürger und Staatsgewalt, ed. Külz and Naumann, 1:25-86
    • Staatsbürger und Staatsgewalt , vol.1 , pp. 25-86
    • Sellmann, M.1
  • 33
    • 61349117896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For one of many examples of scholarship that posits this tripartite classification, see Jellinek, Verwaltungsrecht, 76-79
    • Verwaltungsrecht , pp. 76-79
    • Jellinek1
  • 34
    • 0034551837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Judicial Independence and Political Representation: Prussian Judges as Parliamentary Deputies, 1848-1913
    • For a brief discussion of separation-of-powers theory in the context of the history of the Prussian judiciary, and of the establishment of the independence of the Prussian judiciary in eighteenth and nineteenth century legal reforms, see Kenneth F. Ledford, "Judicial Independence and Political Representation: Prussian Judges as Parliamentary Deputies, 1848-1913," Law and Social Inquiry 25 (2000): 1049-75
    • (2000) Law and Social Inquiry , vol.25 , pp. 1049-1075
    • Ledford, K.F.1
  • 35
    • 79956825790 scopus 로고
    • Preussens Entwicklung zum Rechtsstaat
    • ed. and intro. by Gerhard Oestreich, 2d. ed, 3 vols. (Göttingen, Regierung und Verwaltung, 97-163, esp. 99-123
    • Otto Hintze, "Preussens Entwicklung zum Rechtsstaat," in idem, Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Staats-, Rechts- und Sozialgeschichte Preussens, ed. and intro. by Gerhard Oestreich, 2d. ed, 3 vols. (Göttingen, 1962), vol. 3, Regierung und Verwaltung, 97-163, esp. 99-123
    • (1962) Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Staats-, Rechts- und Sozialgeschichte Preussens , pp. 3
    • Hintze, O.1
  • 40
    • 0007285249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frederick the Great and the Celebrated Case of the Millers Arnold (1770-1779): A Reappraisal
    • David M. Luebke, "Frederick the Great and the Celebrated Case of the Millers Arnold (1770-1779): A Reappraisal," Central European History 32, no. 4 (1999): 379-408
    • (1999) Central European History , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 379-408
    • Luebke, D.M.1
  • 44
    • 61149670606 scopus 로고
    • Munich
    • This system of review of administrative actions by courts of ordinary jurisdiction has been called a "constitution substitute," (Verfassungsersatz). Eduard Kern, Geschichte des Gerichtsverfassungsrechts (Munich, 1954), 73, citing the work of Bahr
    • (1954) Geschichte des Gerichtsverfassungsrechts , pp. 73
    • Kern, E.1
  • 45
    • 79956424873 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, UK, esp. 135-44
    • Numerous historians have pointed out how profoundly Gneist misunderstood the English institutions that he purported to analyze for application to Prussian circumstances. See Charles E. McCleUand, The German Historians and England: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Views (Cambridge, UK 1971), 129-58, esp. 135-44
    • (1971) The German Historians and England: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Views , pp. 129-158
    • McCleUand, C.E.1
  • 50
    • 85038669232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rudolf von Gneist (1816-1895) 188, who accuse Gneist of self-promotion in the second edition of his Rechtsstaat. Credit for the actual drafting of the statutes lies with Paul Persius
    • and Hahn, "Rudolf von Gneist (1816-1895)" 188, who accuse Gneist of self-promotion in the second edition of his Rechtsstaat. Credit for the actual drafting of the statutes lies with Paul Persius, an official within the Ministry of the Interior and the first president of the Oberverwaltungsgericht
    • an official within the Ministry of the Interior and the first president of the Oberverwaltungsgericht
    • Hahn1
  • 51
    • 79956769841 scopus 로고
    • Paul Persius, der Schöpfer der Preussischen Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit
    • ed. Martin Baring, 2d ed, Cologne
    • Hans Egidi, "Paul Persius, der Schöpfer der Preussischen Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit," in Aus 100 Jahren Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit, ed. Martin Baring, 2d ed. (Cologne, 1963), 18-40, 33-34
    • (1963) Aus 100 Jahren Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit
    • Egidi, H.1
  • 56
    • 85038696804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Einkommensteuergesetz vom 24. Juni 1891, G.S. (1891), 175-204, § 44
    • Einkommensteuergesetz vom 24. Juni 1891, G.S. (1891), 175-204, § 44
  • 60
    • 79956424988 scopus 로고
    • 53 (1909), 250-55; 47 (1906), 337-43; 39 (1902), 403-9; 49 (1907), 419-25; 66 (1914), 323-26
    • Many of these cases are discussed in Frege, "Der Status des preussischen Oberverwaltungsgerichtes," 137-39. Their citations are: Entscheidungen des königlich-preussischen Oberverwaltungsgerichts 32 (1898), 406-13; 53 (1909), 250-55; 47 (1906), 337-43; 39 (1902), 403-9; 49 (1907), 419-25; 66 (1914), 323-26
    • (1898) Their citations are: Entscheidungen des königlich-preussischen Oberverwaltungsgerichts , vol.32 , pp. 406-413
  • 62
    • 79956421426 scopus 로고
    • Entscheidungen des königlich-preussischen Oberverwaltungsgerichts, 56 (1911), 318-21. Mystifyingly, Frege completely misreads two other cases, 56 (1911), 308-21 and 63 (1913), 279-87, in which the Supreme Administrative Law Court upholds the police decision to prohibit Social Democratic public meetings because they might incite violence either from unnamed "regime-loyal workers" who might be angry because of a Social Democratic boycott of several local pubs in the first case or from members of veterans' associations who planned a competing parade in the other (in the latter case, police banned both parades). In both cases, the court upheld police action that allowed the "national" side to silence the Socialists by means of a "heckler's veto."
    • (1911) Entscheidungen des königlich-preussischen Oberverwaltungsgerichts , vol.56 , pp. 318-321
  • 66
    • 84971185345 scopus 로고
    • The Berlin Socialist Trials of 1896: An Examination of Civil Liberty in Wilhelmian Germany
    • See Eleanor L. Turk, "The Berlin Socialist Trials of 1896: An Examination of Civil Liberty in Wilhelmian Germany," Central European History 19, no. 4 (1986): 323-42
    • (1986) Central European History , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 323-342
    • Turk, E.L.1
  • 67
    • 0038945788 scopus 로고
    • trans. R. G. Collingwood Oxford
    • Besides Krieger and Pflanze, see the overview by Guido de Ruggiero, The History of European Liberalism, trans. R. G. Collingwood (Oxford, 1927), 251-64
    • (1927) The History of European Liberalism , pp. 251-264
    • de Ruggiero, G.1
  • 68
    • 79956425105 scopus 로고
    • Ministerial Responsibility and Impeachment in Prussia 1848-1863
    • Erich Hahn, "Ministerial Responsibility and Impeachment in Prussia 1848-1863," Central European History 10, no. 1 (1977): 3-27, discusses the profoundly juridical liberal conception of the state in the period preceding the one considered in this essay
    • (1977) Central European History , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-27
    • Hahn, E.1


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