Quantitative comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy and music therapy research: A methodological best-practices analysis to guide future investigation for adult psychiatric patients

Journal of Music Therapy

Volumn 45, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 457-506

  Silverman, Michael J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 62449181120     PISSN: 00222917     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jmt/45.4.457     Document Type: Article

References (155)

1. Aldridge, D. (1994). An overview of music therapy research. Complementary Therapies in Mediane, 2, 204-216.
2. Amador, X. F., Strauss, D. H., Yale, S. A., Gorman, J. M., & Endicott, J. (1993). Assessment of insight in psychosis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 873-879.
3. American Music Therapy Association. (2005). Member sourcebook Silver Spring, MD: AMTA.
4. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: APA.
5. Anderson, J., & Adams, C. (1996). Family interventions in schizophrenia: An effective but underused treatment. British Medical Journal, 31, 505.
6. Andersson, G. (2000). On Alice in Wonderland, statistics, and whether CBT should take the prize. Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy, 29, 1-4.
7. Andreasen, N. C. (1981). Scale for the assessment of negative symptoms. Iowa City: University of Iowa.
8. Asberg, M., Montgomery, S. A., Perris, C., Shalling, D., & Sedvall, G. (1978). A comprehensive psychopathological rating scale. Acta Psychiatric Scandanavia, 271, 5-27.
9. Bauer, M. S., Cris-Christoph, P., Ball, W. A., Dewees, E., McAllister, T., Alahi, P., Cacciola, J., & Whybrow, P. C. (1991). Independent assessment of manic and depressive symptoms by self-rating: Scale characteristics and implications for the study of mania. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 807-812.
10. Bech, P., Rafaelsen, O. J., Kramp, P., & Bolwig, T. G. (1978). The mania rating scale: Scale construct and inter-observer agreement. Neuropharmacology, 17, 430-431.
11. Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
12. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
13. Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The hopelessness scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 861-865.
14. Beecham, J., & Knapp, M. R. J. (1992). Costing psychiatric interventions. In G. Thornicroft, C. Brewin, & J. Wing (Eds.), Measuring mental health needs (pp. 163-183). London: Kaskell.
15. Beevers, C. G., & Miller, I. W. (2005). Unlinking negative cognition and symptoms of depression: Evidence of a specific treatment effect for cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 68-77.
16. Birchwood, M., Mason, R., & Macmillan, F. (1993). Depression, demoralization and control over psychotic illness. Psychological Medicine, 23, 387-395.
17. Birchwood, M., Smith, J., Cochrane, R., Wetton, C., & Copestake, S. (1990). The Social Functioning Scale: The development and validation of a new scale of social adjustment for use in family intervention programmes with schizophrenic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 853-859.
18. Blatt, S. J., Zuroff, D. C., Bondi, C. M., & Sanisolow, C. A. (2000). Short and long-term effects of medication and psychotherapy in the brief treatment of depression: Further analyses of data from die NIMH TDCRP. Psychotherapy Research, 10, 215-234.
19. Brett-Jones, J., Garety, P. A., & Hemsley, D. (1987). Measuring delusional experiences: A method and its application. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26, 257-265.
20. British National Formulary. (2002). British National Formulary, 43, March. London: British Medical Association & Royal Pharmaceutical Society.
21. Buchanan, A., Reed, A., Wessely, S., Ray, K., Dunn, G., & Grubin, D. (1993). Acting on delusions. II: The phenomenological correlates of acting on delusions. British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 77-81.
22. Burns, B. (1998). Links between research findings and the future of assertive community treatment: A commentary: American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68, 261-264.
23. Cather, C., Penn, D. L., Otto, M. W., Yovel, I., Mueser, K. T., Sc Goff, D. C. (2005). A pilot study of functional cognitive behavioral therapy (fCBT) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 74, 201-209.
24. Cassity, M. D. (1976). The influence of a music therapy activity upon peer acceptance, group cohesiveness, and interpersonal relationships of adult psychiatric patients. Journal of Music Therapy, 13, 66-76.
25. Cevasco, A. M., Kennedy, R., & Generally, N. R. (2005). Comparison of movement-to-music, rhythm activities, and competitive games on depression, stress, anxiety, and anger of females in substance abuse rehabilitation. Journal of Music Therapy, 42, 64-80.
26. Chambless, D. L., & Ollendick, T. H. (2001). Empirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 685-716.
27. Choi, B. (1997). Professional and patient attitudes about the relevance of music therapy as a treatment modality in NAMT approved psychiatric hospitals. Journal of Music Therapy, 34, 277-292.
28. Courtright, P., Johnson, S., Baumgartner, M. A., Jordan, M., & Webster, J. C. (1990). Dinner music: Does it affect the behavior of psychiatric inpatients? Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 28, 37-40.
29. Cris-Christoph, K., Baranackie, J. S., Kurcias, A. T., Beck, K., Carroll, K., Perry, L., Luborsky, A. T., McLenllan, G. E., Woody, Thompson, L., Gallagher, D., & Zitrin, C. (1991). Meta-analysis of therapist effects in psychotherapy outcome studies. Psychotherapy Research, 1, 81-91.
30. Davidson, T., Stayner, D., & Haglund, K. E. (1998). Phenomenological perspectives on the social functioning of people with schizophrenia. In K. Mueser & N. Tamer (Eds.), Handbook of social functioning in schizophrenia. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Baker.
31. de l'Etoile, S. K. (2002). The effectiveness of music therapy in group psychotherapy for adults with mental illness. Arts in Psychotherapy, 29, 69-78.
32. Department of Health, NHS Executive. (1999). National service framework for mental health. Wetherby: Author.
33. Derogatis, L., & Melisaratos, N. (1983). The Brief Symptom Inventory: An introductory report. Psychological Mediane, 13, 595-605.
34. Drury, V., Birchwood, M., Cochrane, R., & MacMillan, F. (1996a). Cognitive therapy and recovery from acute psychosis: A controlled trial. I. Impact on psychotic symptoms. British Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 593-601.
35. Drury, V., Birchwood, M., Cochrane, R., & MacMillan. (1996b). Cognitive therapy and recovery from acute psychosis: A controlled trial. II. Impact on recovery time. British Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 602-607.
36. Durham, R. C., Guthrie, M., Morton, V., Reid, D. A., Treliving, L. R., Fowler, D., & Macdonald, R. R. (2003). Tayside-Fife clinical trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for medication-resistant psychotic symptoms. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 303-311.
37. Elkin, I., Shea, M. T., Watkins, J. T., Imber, S. D., Sotsky, S. M., Collins, J. F., Glass, D. R., Pilkonis, P. A., Leber, W. R., Docherty, J. P., Fiester, S., & Parloff, M. (1989). National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: General effectiveness of treatments. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 971-982.
38. Endicott, J., Spitzer, R., Fleiss, J., & Cohen, J. (1976). Global Assessment Scale: A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 766-771.
39. Evans, D. (2002). The effectiveness of music as an intervention for hospital patients: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 37, 8-18.
40. Garety, P., Fowler, D., Kuipers, E., Freeman, D., Dunn, G., Bebbington, P., Hadley, C., & Jones, S. (1997). London-East Anglia randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis: II: Predictors of outcome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 420-426.
41. Garety, P., Kuipers, L., Fowler, D., Chamberlain, F., & Dunn, G. (1994). Cognitive behavioral therapy for drug resistant psychosis. British Journal of Medical Psychobgy, 67, 259-271.
42. Gaudiano, B. A. (2005). Cognitive behavior therapies for psychotic disorders: Current empirical status and future directions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12, 33-50.
43. Geddes, J., Freemantle, N., Harrison, P., & Bebbington, P. (2000). Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: A systematic overview and meta-regression analysis. British Medical Journal, 321, 1371-1376.
44. Gold, C., Voracek, M., & Wigram, T. (2004). Effects of music therapy for children and adolescents with psychopathology: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 45, 1054-1063.
45. Gold, C., Heldal, T. O., Dahle, T., & Wigram, T. (2005). Music therapy for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like illnesses (Cochrane Review), The Cochrane Library, 2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
46. Gottdiener, W. H. (2001). The benefits of individual psychotherapy for schizophrenic patients: A meta-analytic review of the psychotherapy outcome literature (Doctoral dissertation, New School for Social Research, 2001). Dissertation Abstracts International, 61, 3843.
47. Gotzsche, P. C. (1989). Methodology and overt hidden bias in reports of 196 double-blind trials of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Controlled Clinical Trials, 10, 31-56.
48. Gould, R. A., Mueser, K. T., Bolton, M. A., Mays, V. K., & Goff, D. C. (2001). Cognitive therapy for psychosis in schizophrenia: An effect size analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 48, 335-342.
49. Groene, R. (2003). Wanted: Music therapists: A study of the need for music therapists in the coming decade. Music Therapy Perspectives, 21, 4-13.
50. Gumley, A., O'Grady, M., McNay, L., Reilly, J., Power, K., & Norrie, J. (2003). Early intervention for relapse in schizophrenia. Results of a 12 month randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychological Mediane, 33, 419-431.
51. Guy, W. (1976). Assessment manual for psychopharmacology. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.
52. Haddock, G., McCarron, J., Tarrier, N., & Faragher, E. B. (1999). Scales to measure dimensions of hallucinations and delusions: The psychotic symptom rating scales (PSYRATS). Psychological Mediane, 29, 879-889.
53. Hagen, R., Nordahl, H. M., Kristiansen, L., & Morken, G. (2005). A randomized trial of cognitive group therapy vs. waiting list for patients with co-morbid psychiatric disorders: Effect of cognitive group therapy after treatment and six and twelve months follow-up. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 33, 33-44.
54. Hamilton, M. (1967). Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6, 278-296.
55. Hayashi, N., Tanabe, Y., Nakagawa, S., Noguchi, M., Iwata, C., Koubuchi, Y., Watanabe, M., Okui, M., Takagi, K., Sugita, K, Horiuchi, K., Sasaki, A., & Koike, I. (2002). Effects of group musical therapy on inpatients with chronic psychoses: A controlled study. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 56, 187-193.
56. Heaney, C. J. (1992). Evaluation of music therapy and other treatment modalities by adult psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Music Therapy, 29, 70-86.
57. Healey, A., Knapp, M. R. J., Astin, J., Beecham, J., Kemp, R., Kirov, J., & David, A. (1998). Cost-effectiveness evaluation of compliance therapy for people with psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 420-424.
58. Heiman, G. W. (2002). Research methods in psychobgy (3rd ed.). NY: Houghton Mifflin.
59. Hogarty, G. E. (2002). Personal therapy for schizophrenia & related disorders: A guide to individualized treatment. New York: Guilford.
60. Hollon, S. D., Munoz, R. F., Barlow, D. H., Beardslee, W. R., Bell, C. C., Bernai, G., Clarke, G. N., Franciosi, L. P., Kazdin, A. E., Kohn, L., Linehan, M. M., Markowitz, J. C., Miklowitz, D. J., Persons, J. B., Niederehe, G., & Sommers, D. (2002). Psychosocial intervention development for the prevention and treatment of depression: Promoting innovation and increasing access. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 610-630.
61. Hsu, W., & Lai, H. (2004). Effects of music on major depression in psychiatric inpatients. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 18, 193-199.
62. Hustig, H. H., & Hafner, R. J. (1990). Persistent auditory hallucinations and their relationship to delusions and mood. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 178, 264-267.
63. Hustig, H. H., Tran, D. B., Hafner, R. J., & Miller, R. J. (1990). The effect of headphone music on persistent auditory hallucinations. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 18, 273-281.
64. Huxley, N. A., Rendall, M. M., & Sederer, L. (2000). Psychosocial treatments in schizophrenia: A review of the past 20 years. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 188, 187-201.
65. Institute of Medicine Committee on Quality Health Care in America. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
66. Jacobson, N. S., Dobson, K. S., Truax, P. A., Addis, M. E., Koerner, K., & Gollan, J. K, et al. (1996). A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 295-304.
67. Jones, J. D. (2005). A comparison of songwriting and lyric analysis techniques to evoke emotional change in a single session with people who are chemically dependent. Journal of Music Therapy, 42, 94-110.
68. Kay, S., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. (1987). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13, 261-276.
69. Keller, M. B., McCullough, J. P., Klein, D. N., Arnow, B., Donner, D. L., Gelenberg, A. J., Markowitz, J. C., Nemeroff, C. B., Russell, J. M., Thase, M. E., Trivedi, M. H., & Zajecka, J. (2000). A comparison of nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy, and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression. New England Journal of Medicine, 342, 1462-1470.
70. Kemp, R., Hayward, P., Applewhaite, G., Everitt, B., & David, A. (1996). Compliance therapy in psychotic patients: Randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal, 312, 345-349.
71. Krawiecka, M., Goldberg, D., & Vaughn, M. (1977). A standardized psychiatric assessment scale for rating chronic psychotic patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 55, 299-308.
72. Kuipers, E. (2005). Evaluating cognitive behavior therapy for psychosis. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12, 65-67.
73. Kuipers, E., Fowler, D., Garety, P., Chisholm, D., Freeman, D., Dunn, G., Bebbington, P., & Hadley, C. (1998). London-East Anglia randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis: III: Follow-up and economic evaluation at 18 months. British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 61-68.
74. Kuipers, E., Garety, P., Fowler, D., Dunn, G., Bebbington, P., & Freeman, D. (1997). London-East Anglia randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychosis: I. Effects of the treatment phase. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 319-327.
75. Lam, D. H., Bright, J., Jones, S., Hayward, P., Schuck, N., Chisholm, D., & Sham, P. (2000). Cognitive therapy for bipolar illness: A pilot study of relapse prevention. Cognitive Therapy Research, 24, 503-520.
76. Lam, D. H., Watkins, E. R., Hayward, P., Bright, J., Wright, K., Kerr, N., Parr-Davis, G., & Sham, P. (2003). A randomized controlled study of cognitive therapy for relapse prevention for bipolar affective disorder. Outcome of the first year. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 145-152.
77. Lam, D. H., & Wong, G. (1997). Prodromes, coping strategies, insight and social functioning in bipolar affective disorders. Psychological Medicine, 27, 1091-1100.
78. Lambert, M. J., & Cattani-Thompson, K. (1996). Current findings regarding the effectiveness of counseling: Implications for practice. Journal of Counseling and Development, 74, 601-608.
79. Lambert, M., Conus, P., Eide, P., Mass, R., Karow, A., Moritz, S., Golks, D., & Naber, D. (2004). Impact of present and past antipsychotic side effects on attitude toward typical antipsychotic treatment and adherence. European Psychiatry, 19, 415-422.
80. Lecompte, D., & Pelc, I. (1996). A cognitive-behavioral program to improve compliance with medication in patients with schizophrenia. International Journal of Mental Health, 25, 51-56.
81. Leichsenring, F., Rabung, S., & Leibing, E. (2004). The efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy in specific psychiatric disorders: A metaanalysis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(12), 1208-1216.
82. Levine-Gross, J., & Swartz, R. (1982). The effects of music therapy on anxiety in chronically ill patients. Music Therapy, 2, 43-52.
83. Liberman, R. P. (1994). Psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia. Psychiatry, 57, 104-114.
84. Lin, E. H., Katon, W. J., Simon, G. E., von Korff, M., Bush, T. M., Rutter, C. M., Saunders, K. W., & Walker, E. A. (1998). Achieving guidelines for the treatment of depression in primary care: Is physician education enough? Medical Care, 35, 831-842.
85. Luborsky, L., Barber, J. P., Siqueland, L., Johnson, S., Najavits, L. M., Frank, A., & Daley, D. (1996). The revised Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ-II). Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 5, 260-271.
86. Lukoff, D., Liberman, R., & Nuechterlein, K. (1986). Symptom monitoring in the rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 12, 578-603.
87. Margo, A., Hemsley, D. R., & Slade, P. D. (1981). The effects of varying auditory input on schizophrenic hallucinations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 122-127.
88. Milton, F., Patwa, V. K., & Hafner, R. J. (1978). Confrontation vs. belief modification in persistetldy deluded patients. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 51, 127-130.
89. Moher, D., Jadad, A. R., Nichol, G., Penman, M., Tugwell, P., & Walsh, S. (1995). Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials: An annotated bibliography of scales and checklists. Controlled Clinical Trials, 16, 62-73.
90. Montgomery, S. A., & Asberg, M. (1979). A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 382-389.
91. Montgomery, S. A., Taylor, P., & Montgomery, D. (1978). Development of a schizophrenia scale sensitive to change. Neuropharmacology, 17, 1053-1071.
92. Morrison, A. P., French, P., Walford, L., Lewis, S. W., Kilcommons, A., Green, J., Parker, S., & Bentall, R. P. (2004). Cognitive therapy for the prevention of psychosis in people at ultra-high risk. British Journal of Psychiatry, 185, 291-297.
93. Mueser, K. T., & Noordsy, D. L. (2005). Cognitive behavioral therapy for psychosis: A call to action. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 12, 68-71.
94. Naber, D., & Vita, A. (2004). Tools for measuring clinical effectiveness. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 14, 435-444.
95. Newton, E., Landau, S., Smith, P., Monks, P., Shergill, S., & Wykes, T. (2005). Early psychological intervention for auditory hallucinations: An exploratory study of young people's voices groups. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193, 58-61.
96. Ohlsen, R. I., O'Toole, M. S., Purvis, R. G., Walters,J. T. R., Taylor, T. M.Jones, M. H., & Pilowsky, L. S. (2004). Clinical effectiveness in first-episode patients. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 14, 445-451.
97. Overall, J. E., Sc Gorham, D. R. (1962). The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychological Reports, 10, 799-812.
98. Palmer, A. G., Williams, H., & Adams, M. (1995). CBT in a group format for bipolar affective disorder. Behavioural Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 153-168.
99. Patelis-Siotis, I., Young, L. T., Robb, J. C., Marriott, M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, L. C., & Joffe, R. T. (2001). Group cognitive behavioral therapy for bipolar disorder: A feasibility and effectiveness study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 65, 145-153.
100. Paykel, E. S. (1985). The clinical interview for depression. Development, reliability, and validity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 9, 85-96.
101. Penn, D. L., Mueser, K. T., Tarrier, N., Gloege, A., & Serrano, D. (2004). Supportive therapy for schizophrenia: A closer look at the evidence. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30, 101-112.
102. Petrocelli, J. V. (2002). Effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral therapy for general symptomatology: A meta-analysis. Journal for Spedalists in Group Work, 27, 92-115.
103. Pilling, S., Bebbington, P., Kuipers, E., Garety, P., Geddes, J., Orbach, G., & Morgan, C. (2002). Psychological treatments in schizophrenia: Meta-analyses of family intervention and cognitive behavioural therapy. Psychological Mediane, 32, 763-782.
104. Pinto, A., La Pia, S., Mennella, R., Giorgio, D., & DeSimone, L. (1999). Cognitive-behavioral therapy and clozapine for clients widi treatment refractory schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services, 50, 901-904.
105. Raskin, A., Schulterbrandt, J., Reatig, N., & McKeon, I. J. (1970). Differential response to shlorpromazine, imipramine and placebo. A study of subgroups of depressed patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 23, 164-173.
106. Rector, N. A., & Beck, A. T. (2001). Cognitive behavioral therapy for schizophrenia: An empirical review. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189, 278-287.
107. Rector, N. A., Seeman, M. V., & Segal, Z. V. (2003). Cognitive therapy for schizophrenia: A preliminary randomized trial. Schizophrenia Research, 63, 1-11.
108. Robson, P. (1989). Development of a new self-report questionnaire to measure selfesteem. Psychological Medicine, 19, 513-518.
109. Rolvsjord, R., Gold, C., & Stige, B. (2005). Research rigor and therapeutic flexibility: Rationale for a therapy manual developed for a randomised controlled trial. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 14, 15-32.
110. Salkovskis, P. M. (1996). Frontiers of cognitive therapy. New York: Guilford Press.
111. Schoenwald, S. K, & Hoagwood, K. (2001). Effectiveness, transportability and dissemination of interventions: What matters when? Psychiatric Services, 52, 1190-1197.
112. Scott, J., Garland, A., & Moorhead, S. (2001). A pilot study of cognitive therapy in bipolar disorders. Psychological Mediane, 31, 459-467.
113. Scott, J., & Gutierrez, M.J. (2004). The current status of psychological treatments in bipolar disorders: A systematic review of relapse prevention. Bipolar Disorders, 6, 498-503.
114. Scott, J., Teasdale, J. D., Paykel, E. S., Johnson, A. L., Abbott, R., Hayhurst, H., Moore, R., & Garland, A. (2000). Effects of cognitive therapy on psychological symptoms and social functioning in residual depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 440-446.
115. Sensky, R., Turkington, D., Kingdom, D., Scott, J. L., Scott, J., Siddle, R., O'Carroll, M., Sc Barnes, T. R. (2000). A randomized controlled trial of cognitivebehavioral therapy for persistent symptoms in schizophrenia resistant to medication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 165-172.
116. Silverman, M.J. (2003a). Music therapy and clients who are chemically dependent A review of literature and pilot study. Arts in Psychotherapy, 30, 273-281.
117. Silverman, M.J. (2003b). The influence of music on die symptoms of psychosis: A meta-analysis. Journal of Music Therapy, 40, 27-40.
118. Silverman, M. J. (2006a). Psychiatric patients' perception of music therapy and other psychoeducational programming. Journal of Music Therapy, 43, 111-122.
119. Silverman, M. J. (2006b). The effect of music therapy on psychiatric patients' proactive coping skills: Two pilot studies. Unpublished manuscript.
120. Silverman, M.J. (2007). Evaluating current trends in psychiatric music therapy: A descriptive analysis. Journal of Music Therapy, 44, 388-414.
121. Silverman, M. J., & Marcionetti, M.J. (2004a). Immediate effects of a single music therapy intervention on persons who are severely mentally ill. Arts in Psychotherapy, 31, 291-301.
122. Silverman, M. J., & Marcionetti, M. J. (2004b). The effects of a single faalitated drumming intervention on self-esteem as measured by psychiatric patients. Unpublished manuscript.
123. Silverman, M. J., & Marcionetti, M. J. (2005). The effects of reading, recorded music, and a live music intervention on auditory hallucinations. Music Therapy Perspectives, 23, 106-110.
124. Smith, J., & Birchwood, M. (1990). Relatives and patients as partners in the management of schizophrenia: The development of a service model. British Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 654-660.
125. Standley, J. M. (2000). Music research in medical/dental treatment: An update of a prior meta-analysis. In American Music Therapy Association (Ed.), Effectiveness of music therapy procedures: Documentation of research and clinical practice (3rd ed., pp. 1-60). Silver Spring, MD: American Music Therapy Association.
126. Standley, J. M., & Whipple, J. (2003). Music therapy with pediatric patients: A meta-analysis. In S. L. Robb (Ed.), Music therapy in pediatric healthcare: Research and evidencebased practice (pp. 1-18). Silver Spring, MD: American Music Therapy Association.
127. Svartberg, M., & Stiles, T. C. (1991). Comparative effects of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychobgy, 59, 704-714.
128. Talwar, N., Crawford, M. J., Maratos, A., Nur, U., McDermott, O., & Procter, S. (2006). Music therapy for in-patients with schizophrenia: Exploratory randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 189, 405-409.
129. Tang, W., Yao, X., & Zheng, Z. (1994). Rehabilitation effect of music therapy for residual schizophrenia: A one-month randomised controlled trial in Shanghai. British Journal of Psychiatry, 165(supplement 24), 38-44.
130. Tarrier, N. (1992). Management and modification of residual psychotic symptoms. In M. Birchwood & N. Tarrier (Eds.), Innovation in thepsychohgical management of schizophrenia (pp. 147-169). Chichester, England: Wiley.
131. Tarrier, N. (2005). Cognitive behavior therapy for psychotic disorders: Current issues and future developments. Clinical Psychobgy: Science and Practice, 12, 51-56.
132. Tarrier, N., Barrowclough, C., & Bamrah,J. S. (1991). Prodromal signs of relapse in schizophrenia. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 26, 157-161.
133. Tarrier, N., Barrowclough, C., Haddock, G., & McGovern, J. (1999). The dissemination of innovative cognitive-behavioural treatments for schizophrenia. Journal of Mental Health, 8, 569-582.
134. Tarrier, N., Beckett, R., Harwood, S., Baker, A., Yusupoff, L., & Ugarteburu, I. (1993a). A trial of two cognitive behavioral methods of treating drug-resistant residual psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients: I. Outcome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 524-532.
135. Tarrier, N., Kinney, C., McCarthy, E., Humphreys, L., & Wittkowski, A. (2000). Two-year follow-up of cognitive-behavioral therapy and supportive counseling in the treatment of persistent symptoms in chronic schizophrenia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 917-922.
136. Tarrier, N., Lowson, K., & Barrowclough, C. (1991). Some aspects of family interventions in schizophrenia. I: Financial considerations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 481-484.
137. Tarrier, N., Sharpe, L., Beckett, R., Harwood, S., Baker, A., & Yusupoff, L. (1993b). A controlled trial of two cognitive behavioural methods of treating drugresistant residual psychotic symptoms in schizophrenic patients: II. Treatment specific changes in coping and problem solving. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiobgy, 28, 5-10.
138. Tarrier, N., Wittkowski, A., Kinney, C., McCarthy, E., Morris, J., & Humphreys, L. (1999). Durability of the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia: 12-month follow-up. British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 500-504.
139. Tarrier, N., & Wykes, T. (2004). Is there evidence that cognitive behaviour therapy is an effective treatment for schizophrenia? A cautious or cautionary tale? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 1377-1401.
140. Tarrier, N., Yusypoff, L., Kinney, C., McCarthy, E., Gledhill, A., Haddock, G., & Morris, J. (1998). A randomized controlled trial of intensive cognitive behavior therapy for patients with chronic schizophrenia. British Medical Journal, 317, 303-307.
141. TenHave, T. R., Coyne, J., Salzer, M., & Katz, I. (2003). Research to improve the quality of care for depression: Alternatives to the simple randomized trial. General Hospital Psychiatry, 25, 115-123.
142. Thaut, M. H. (1989). The influence of music therapy interventions of self-rated changes in relaxation, affects, and thought in psychiatric prisoner-patients. Journal of Music Therapy, 26, 155-166.
143. Thompson, L. W., Gallagher, E., & Steinmetz Breckenridge, J. (1987). Comparative effectiveness of psychotherapies for depressed elders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 385-390.
144. Turkington, D., Kingdon, D., & Turner, T. (2002). Effectiveness of a brief cognitive-behavioural therapy intervention in the treatment of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 523-527.
145. Ward, E., King, M., Lloyd, M., Bower, P., Sibbald, B., Farrelly, S., Gabbay, M., Tarrier, N., & Addington-Hall, J. (2000). Randomized controlled trial of nondirective counseling, cognitive-behaviour therapy, and usual general practitioner care for patients with depression. I: Clinical effectiveness. British Medical Journal, 321, 1383-1388.
146. Weissman, M., & Paykel, E. S. (1974). The depressed woman: Study of sodal relationships. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
147. Wells, K., Miranda, J., Bruce, M. L., Alegria, M., & Wallerstein, N. (2004). Bridging community intervention and mental health services research. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 955-963.
148. Wells, K B., Sherbourne, C., Schoenbaum, M., Daum, N., Meredith, L. S., Unutzer, J., Miranda, J., Carney, M. F., & Rubenstein, L. V. (2000). Impact of disseminating quality improvement programs for depression in managed primary care: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 283, 212-220.
149. Williams, J. M. G. (1992). The psychological treatment of depression: A guide to theory and practice of cognitive behaviour therapy. London: Routledge.
150. Wing, J., Cooper, J., & Sartorius, N. (1974). Measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
151. Wolfe, D. E. (2000). Group music therapy in acute mental health care: Meeting die demands of effectiveness and efficiency. In American Music Therapy Association (Ed.), Effectiveness of music therapy procedures: Documentation of research and clinical practice (pp. 265-296). Silver Spring, MD: American Music Therapy Association.
152. World Health Organization. (1992). SGW schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry. Geneva: Author.
153. Wykes, T., Parr, A., Sc Landau, S. (1999). Group treatment of auditory hallucinations. Exploratory study of effectiveness. British Journal of Psychiatry, 175, 180-185.
154. Yalom, I. D. (1983). Inpatient group psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books.
155. Yalom, I. D. (1995). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy (4th ed.). New York: Basic Books.