메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 150-157

Outdoor air pollution: Impact on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Author keywords

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Morbidity; Mortality; Outdoor air pollution

Indexed keywords

CARBON MONOXIDE; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; OZONE; SULFUR DIOXIDE;

EID: 62349133439     PISSN: 10705287     EISSN: 15316971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32832185ee     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (22)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 62349085211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, World Health Organization. Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Updated 2007; 2007.
    • National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, World Health Organization. Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Updated 2007; 2007.
  • 2
    • 34548267728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): A population-based prevalence study
    • Buist AS, McBurnie MA, Vollmer WM, et al. International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a population-based prevalence study. Lancet 2007; 370:741-750.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 741-750
    • Buist, A.S.1    McBurnie, M.A.2    Vollmer, W.M.3
  • 3
    • 47149099010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worldwide burden of COPD in high- and low-income countries. Part III. Asia-Pacific studies
    • Ko FW, Hui DS, Lai CK. Worldwide burden of COPD in high- and low-income countries. Part III. Asia-Pacific studies. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008; 12:713-717.
    • (2008) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.12 , pp. 713-717
    • Ko, F.W.1    Hui, D.S.2    Lai, C.K.3
  • 4
    • 39449105669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COPD in Asia: Where East meets West
    • Tan WC, Ng TP. COPD in Asia: where East meets West. Chest 2008; 133:517-527.
    • (2008) Chest , vol.133 , pp. 517-527
    • Tan, W.C.1    Ng, T.P.2
  • 5
    • 54049126675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and risk factors of airflow obstruction in an elderly Chinese population
    • Ko FW, Woo J, Tam W, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of airflow obstruction in an elderly Chinese population. Eur Respir J 2008; 32: 1472-1478.
    • (2008) Eur Respir J , vol.32 , pp. 1472-1478
    • Ko, F.W.1    Woo, J.2    Tam, W.3
  • 6
    • 35148870515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology and economics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Mannino DM, Braman S. The epidemiology and economics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2007; 4:502-506.
    • (2007) Proc Am Thorac Soc , vol.4 , pp. 502-506
    • Mannino, D.M.1    Braman, S.2
  • 7
    • 33846245458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A retrospective analysis of disability and its related costs among employees with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Darkow T, Kadlubek PJ, Shah H, et al. A retrospective analysis of disability and its related costs among employees with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Occup Environ Med 2007; 49:22-30.
    • (2007) J Occup Environ Med , vol.49 , pp. 22-30
    • Darkow, T.1    Kadlubek, P.J.2    Shah, H.3
  • 8
    • 0034133098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution? Official statement of the American Thoracic Society
    • American Thoracic Society
    • American Thoracic Society. What constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution? Official statement of the American Thoracic Society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161 (2 Pt 1):665-673.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.161 , Issue.2 PART 1 , pp. 665-673
  • 9
    • 34547591912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: What is known and what needs to be done to make a difference to the patient?
    • Wise RA, Tashkin DP. Preventing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: what is known and what needs to be done to make a difference to the patient? Am J Med 2007; 120 (8 Suppl 1):S14-S22.
    • (2007) Am J Med , vol.120 , Issue.8 SUPPL. 1
    • Wise, R.A.1    Tashkin, D.P.2
  • 10
    • 34548220492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive smoking exposure and risk of COPD among adults in China: The Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study
    • Yin P, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, et al. Passive smoking exposure and risk of COPD among adults in China: the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study. Lancet 2007; 370:751-757.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 751-757
    • Yin, P.1    Jiang, C.Q.2    Cheng, K.K.3
  • 11
    • 36349025180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic bronchitis in women using solid biomass fuel in rural Peshawar, Pakistan
    • Akhtar T, Ullah Z, Khan MH, Nazli R. Chronic bronchitis in women using solid biomass fuel in rural Peshawar, Pakistan. Chest 2007; 132:1472-1475.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132 , pp. 1472-1475
    • Akhtar, T.1    Ullah, Z.2    Khan, M.H.3    Nazli, R.4
  • 12
    • 35348974996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomass fuels are the probable risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural South China
    • Liu S, Zhou Y, Wang X, et al. Biomass fuels are the probable risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural South China. Thorax 2007; 62:889-897.
    • (2007) Thorax , vol.62 , pp. 889-897
    • Liu, S.1    Zhou, Y.2    Wang, X.3
  • 13
    • 37549045244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung function and symptoms among indigenous Mayan women exposed to high levels of indoor air pollution
    • Diaz E, Bruce N, Pope D, et al. Lung function and symptoms among indigenous Mayan women exposed to high levels of indoor air pollution. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11:1372-1379.
    • (2007) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis , vol.11 , pp. 1372-1379
    • Diaz, E.1    Bruce, N.2    Pope, D.3
  • 14
    • 37349048493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental and occupational exposures: Do they affect chronic obstructive pulmonary disease differently in women and men?
    • Kennedy SM, Chambers R, Du W, Dimich-Ward H. Environmental and occupational exposures: do they affect chronic obstructive pulmonary disease differently in women and men? Proc Am Thorac Soc 2007; 4:692-694.
    • (2007) Proc Am Thorac Soc , vol.4 , pp. 692-694
    • Kennedy, S.M.1    Chambers, R.2    Du, W.3    Dimich-Ward, H.4
  • 15
    • 62349098715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Environmental causes of exacerbations
    • in press
    • Ko FW, Hui DS. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Environmental causes of exacerbations. Informa Healthcare (in press).
    • Informa Healthcare
    • Ko, F.W.1    Hui, D.S.2
  • 16
    • 46749090083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barraza-Villarreal A, Sunyer J, Hernandez-Cadena L, et al. Air pollution, airway inflammation, and lung function in a cohort study of Mexico City school-children. Environ Health Perspect 2008; 116:832-838. This study assessed both the lung function and airway inflammation (measurements of fractional exhaled nitric oxide, IL-8 in nasal lavage and pH of exhaled breath condensate) in a group of asthmatic and nonasthmatic children and explored the biological mechanisms involved in the inflammatory response to air pollution.
    • Barraza-Villarreal A, Sunyer J, Hernandez-Cadena L, et al. Air pollution, airway inflammation, and lung function in a cohort study of Mexico City school-children. Environ Health Perspect 2008; 116:832-838. This study assessed both the lung function and airway inflammation (measurements of fractional exhaled nitric oxide, IL-8 in nasal lavage and pH of exhaled breath condensate) in a group of asthmatic and nonasthmatic children and explored the biological mechanisms involved in the inflammatory response to air pollution.
  • 17
    • 33745088651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and lung function among susceptible adult subjects: A panel study
    • Lagorio S, Forastiere F, Pistelli R, et al. Air pollution and lung function among susceptible adult subjects: a panel study. Environ Health 2006; 5:11.
    • (2006) Environ Health , vol.5 , pp. 11
    • Lagorio, S.1    Forastiere, F.2    Pistelli, R.3
  • 18
    • 57349097584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1, FVC and their ratios) over a period of 9 years.
    • 1, FVC and their ratios) over a period of 9 years.
  • 19
    • 36849091959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1.
    • 1.
  • 20
    • 1442306882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung function and long term exposure to air pollutants in Switzerland. Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) Team
    • Ackermann-Liebrich U, Leuenberger P, Schwarte J, et al. Lung function and long term exposure to air pollutants in Switzerland. Study on Air Pollution and Lung Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) Team. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:122-129.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 122-129
    • Ackermann-Liebrich, U.1    Leuenberger, P.2    Schwarte, J.3
  • 21
    • 1842506007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term effects of exposure to automobile exhaust on the pulmonary function of female adults in Tokyo
    • Sekine K, Shima M, Nitta Y, Adachi M. Long term effects of exposure to automobile exhaust on the pulmonary function of female adults in Tokyo, Japan. Occup Environ Med 2004; 61:350-357.
    • (2004) Japan. Occup Environ Med , vol.61 , pp. 350-357
    • Sekine, K.1    Shima, M.2    Nitta, Y.3    Adachi, M.4
  • 22
    • 0032959736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term ambient air pollution and respiratory symptoms in adults (SAPALDIA study). The SAPALDIA Team
    • Zemp E, Elsasser S, Schindler C, et al. Long-term ambient air pollution and respiratory symptoms in adults (SAPALDIA study). The SAPALDIA Team. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159 (4 Pt 1):1257-1266.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.159 , Issue.4 PART 1 , pp. 1257-1266
    • Zemp, E.1    Elsasser, S.2    Schindler, C.3
  • 23
    • 33746216622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 12-year change in prevalence of respiratory symptoms in elderly Chinese living in Hong Kong
    • Ko FW, Lai CK, Woo J, et al. 12-year change in prevalence of respiratory symptoms in elderly Chinese living in Hong Kong. Respir Med 2006; 100:1598-1607.
    • (2006) Respir Med , vol.100 , pp. 1598-1607
    • Ko, F.W.1    Lai, C.K.2    Woo, J.3
  • 24
    • 33845640625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic bronchitis and urban air pollution in an international study
    • Sunyer J, Jarvis D, Gotschi T, et al. Chronic bronchitis and urban air pollution in an international study. Occup Environ Med 2006; 63:836-843.
    • (2006) Occup Environ Med , vol.63 , pp. 836-843
    • Sunyer, J.1    Jarvis, D.2    Gotschi, T.3
  • 25
    • 29644445833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term air pollution exposure and living close to busy roads are associated with COPD in women
    • Schikowski T, Sugiri D, Ranft U, et al. Long-term air pollution exposure and living close to busy roads are associated with COPD in women. Respir Res 2005; 6:152.
    • (2005) Respir Res , vol.6 , pp. 152
    • Schikowski, T.1    Sugiri, D.2    Ranft, U.3
  • 27
    • 34548222188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global burden of COPD: Risk factors, prevalence, and future trends
    • Mannino DM, Buist AS. Global burden of COPD: risk factors, prevalence, and future trends. Lancet 2007; 370:765-773.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.370 , pp. 765-773
    • Mannino, D.M.1    Buist, A.S.2
  • 28
    • 33847609578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a tropical city: Kaohsiung, Taiwan
    • Lee IM, Tsai SS, Chang CC, et al. Air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a tropical city: Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Inhal Toxicol 2007; 19:393-398.
    • (2007) Inhal Toxicol , vol.19 , pp. 393-398
    • Lee, I.M.1    Tsai, S.S.2    Chang, C.C.3
  • 29
    • 34250683398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan
    • Yang CY, Chen CJ. Air pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a subtropical city: Taipei, Taiwan. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2007; 70:1214-1219.
    • (2007) J Toxicol Environ Health A , vol.70 , pp. 1214-1219
    • Yang, C.Y.1    Chen, C.J.2
  • 30
    • 35549008544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2.5 specifically on COPD admissions.
    • 2.5 specifically on COPD admissions.
  • 31
    • 47049125369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban air pollution, and asthma and COPD hospital emergency room visits
    • 2.5 on hospital emergency room visits
    • 2.5 on hospital emergency room visits.
    • (2008) Thorax , vol.63 , pp. 635-641
    • Halonen, J.I.1    Lanki, T.2    Yli-Tuomi, T.3
  • 32
    • 38949108627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liu Y, Lee K, Perez-Padilla R, et al. Outdoor and indoor air pollution and COPD-related diseases in high- and low-income countries. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008; 12:115-127. A comprehensive review article that summarized the effect of both outdoor and indoor air pollution on COPD morbidity and mortality in high and low-income countries in the year 2007 and before.
    • Liu Y, Lee K, Perez-Padilla R, et al. Outdoor and indoor air pollution and COPD-related diseases in high- and low-income countries. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008; 12:115-127. A comprehensive review article that summarized the effect of both outdoor and indoor air pollution on COPD morbidity and mortality in high and low-income countries in the year 2007 and before.
  • 33
    • 49749088003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 10-year time-series analysis of respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity in Nicosia, Cyprus: The effect of short-term changes in air pollution and dust storms
    • Middleton N, Yiallouros P, Kleanthous S, et al. A 10-year time-series analysis of respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity in Nicosia, Cyprus: the effect of short-term changes in air pollution and dust storms. Environ Health 2008; 7:39.
    • (2008) Environ Health , vol.7 , pp. 39
    • Middleton, N.1    Yiallouros, P.2    Kleanthous, S.3
  • 34
    • 34547733597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of particulate matter air pollution on hospital admissions and medical visits for lung and heart disease in two southeast Idaho cities
    • Ulirsch GV, Ball LM, Kaye W, et al. Effect of particulate matter air pollution on hospital admissions and medical visits for lung and heart disease in two southeast Idaho cities. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2007; 17:478-487.
    • (2007) J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol , vol.17 , pp. 478-487
    • Ulirsch, G.V.1    Ball, L.M.2    Kaye, W.3
  • 35
    • 33846255773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal relationship between particle air pollution and respiratory emergency hospital admissions in Brisbane, Australia
    • Chen L, Mengersen K, Tong S. Spatiotemporal relationship between particle air pollution and respiratory emergency hospital admissions in Brisbane, Australia. Sci Total Environ 2007; 373:57-67.
    • (2007) Sci Total Environ , vol.373 , pp. 57-67
    • Chen, L.1    Mengersen, K.2    Tong, S.3
  • 36
    • 33847149656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban air pollution and emergency visits for respiratory complaints in Pisa, Italy
    • Vigotti MA, Chiaverini F, Biagiola P, Rossi G. Urban air pollution and emergency visits for respiratory complaints in Pisa, Italy. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2007; 70 (3-4):266-269.
    • (2007) J Toxicol Environ Health A , vol.70 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 266-269
    • Vigotti, M.A.1    Chiaverini, F.2    Biagiola, P.3    Rossi, G.4
  • 37
    • 35048862258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution effects on the respiratory health of the resident adult population in Turin, Italy
    • Migliaretti G, Dalmasso P, Gregori D. Air pollution effects on the respiratory health of the resident adult population in Turin, Italy. Int J Environ Health Res 2007; 17:369-379.
    • (2007) Int J Environ Health Res , vol.17 , pp. 369-379
    • Migliaretti, G.1    Dalmasso, P.2    Gregori, D.3
  • 38
    • 34548474580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of air pollution on asthma hospitalization rates in different age groups in Hong Kong
    • Ko FW, Tam W, Wong TW, et al. Effects of air pollution on asthma hospitalization rates in different age groups in Hong Kong. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:1312-1319.
    • (2007) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.37 , pp. 1312-1319
    • Ko, F.W.1    Tam, W.2    Wong, T.W.3
  • 39
    • 41249085157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of air pollution and climate change on pulmonary diseases
    • Rohde G. The effects of air pollution and climate change on pulmonary diseases. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2008; 133:733-736.
    • (2008) Dtsch Med Wochenschr , vol.133 , pp. 733-736
    • Rohde, G.1
  • 40
    • 49849101937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Particulate matter and daily mortality: A case-crossover analysis of individual effect modifiers
    • One recent study that assessed the effect of air pollution specifically on the mortality of COPD patients. It was found that particulate air pollution was associated with a higher mortality among the COPD patients when compared with the overall mortality of all the participants studied in the nine Italian cities
    • Forastiere F, Stafoggia M, Berti G, et al. Particulate matter and daily mortality: a case-crossover analysis of individual effect modifiers. Epidemiology 2008; 19:571-580. One recent study that assessed the effect of air pollution specifically on the mortality of COPD patients. It was found that particulate air pollution was associated with a higher mortality among the COPD patients when compared with the overall mortality of all the participants studied in the nine Italian cities.
    • (2008) Epidemiology , vol.19 , pp. 571-580
    • Forastiere, F.1    Stafoggia, M.2    Berti, G.3
  • 41
    • 33847691170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 10 on mortality and found that people of high social class were not affected by the negative effects of air pollution as are citizens in other social class categories. This study suggested that priority should be placed on reducing risks for populations of lower socioeconomic status to maximize the benefits and to promote environmental equity.
    • 10 on mortality and found that people of high social class were not affected by the negative effects of air pollution as are citizens in other social class categories. This study suggested that priority should be placed on reducing risks for populations of lower socioeconomic status to maximize the benefits and to promote environmental equity.
  • 42
    • 33847007325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation between concentration of air pollution and cause-specific mortality: Four-year exposures to nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter pollutants in 470 neighborhoods in Oslo, Norway
    • This study showed that vulnerable persons with COPD and the elderly were susceptible to increased mortality at lower levels of air pollution than the general population
    • Naess O, Nafstad P, Aamodt G, et al. Relation between concentration of air pollution and cause-specific mortality: four-year exposures to nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter pollutants in 470 neighborhoods in Oslo, Norway. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 165:435-443. This study showed that vulnerable persons with COPD and the elderly were susceptible to increased mortality at lower levels of air pollution than the general population.
    • (2007) Am J Epidemiol , vol.165 , pp. 435-443
    • Naess, O.1    Nafstad, P.2    Aamodt, G.3
  • 43
    • 42249100851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and life expectancy of Yokkaichi asthma patients, Japan: Late effects of air pollution in 1960-70s
    • Quo P, Yokoyama K, Suenaga M, Kida H. Mortality and life expectancy of Yokkaichi asthma patients, Japan: late effects of air pollution in 1960-70s. Environ Health 2008; 7:8.
    • (2008) Environ Health , vol.7 , pp. 8
    • Quo, P.1    Yokoyama, K.2    Suenaga, M.3    Kida, H.4
  • 44
    • 35148889474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of daily cause-specific mortality with ambient particle air pollution in Wuhan, China
    • Qian Z, He Q, Lin HM, et al. Association of daily cause-specific mortality with ambient particle air pollution in Wuhan, China. Environ Res 2007; 105:380-389.
    • (2007) Environ Res , vol.105 , pp. 380-389
    • Qian, Z.1    He, Q.2    Lin, H.M.3
  • 45
    • 34547120206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term effects of gaseous pollutants on cause-specific mortality in Wuhan, China
    • Qian Z, He Q, Lin HM, et al. Short-term effects of gaseous pollutants on cause-specific mortality in Wuhan, China. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2007; 57:785-793.
    • (2007) J Air Waste Manag Assoc , vol.57 , pp. 785-793
    • Qian, Z.1    He, Q.2    Lin, H.M.3
  • 46
    • 38549101632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on long-term outcome of patients hospitalized for heart failure
    • Rusinaru D, Saaidi I, Godard S, et al. Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on long-term outcome of patients hospitalized for heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2008; 101:353-358.
    • (2008) Am J Cardiol , vol.101 , pp. 353-358
    • Rusinaru, D.1    Saaidi, I.2    Godard, S.3
  • 47
    • 45849114780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of Survival in COPD: More than just the FEV1
    • Celli BR, Cote CG, Lareau SC, Meek PM. Predictors of Survival in COPD: more than just the FEV1. Respir Med 2008; 102 (Suppl 1):S27-S35.
    • (2008) Respir Med , vol.102 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Celli, B.R.1    Cote, C.G.2    Lareau, S.C.3    Meek, P.M.4
  • 48
    • 57649120097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Modified BODE Index: Validation with mortality in COPD
    • Cote CG, Pinto-Plata V, Marin JM, et al. The Modified BODE Index: validation with mortality in COPD. Eur Respir J 2008; 32:1269-1274.
    • (2008) Eur Respir J , vol.32 , pp. 1269-1274
    • Cote, C.G.1    Pinto-Plata, V.2    Marin, J.M.3
  • 49
    • 0034131477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of repeated ozone exposures on inflammatory markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and mucosal biopsies
    • Jorres RA, Holz O, Zachgo W, et al. The effect of repeated ozone exposures on inflammatory markers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and mucosal biopsies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1855-1861.
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.161 , pp. 1855-1861
    • Jorres, R.A.1    Holz, O.2    Zachgo, W.3
  • 50
    • 0042090310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress: Its role in air pollution and adverse health effects
    • Kelly FJ. Oxidative stress: its role in air pollution and adverse health effects. Occup Environ Med 2003; 60:612-616.
    • (2003) Occup Environ Med , vol.60 , pp. 612-616
    • Kelly, F.J.1
  • 52
    • 0032926026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of particle lung doses from the fine and coarse fractions of urban PM-10 aerosols
    • Venkataraman C, Kao AS. Comparison of particle lung doses from the fine and coarse fractions of urban PM-10 aerosols. Inhal Toxicol 1999; 11:151-169.
    • (1999) Inhal Toxicol , vol.11 , pp. 151-169
    • Venkataraman, C.1    Kao, A.S.2
  • 53
    • 2442498325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased inflammation and altered macrophage chemotactic responses caused by two ultrafine particle types
    • Renwick LC, Brown D, Clouter A, Donaldson K. Increased inflammation and altered macrophage chemotactic responses caused by two ultrafine particle types. Occup Environ Med 2004; 61:442-447.
    • (2004) Occup Environ Med , vol.61 , pp. 442-447
    • Renwick, L.C.1    Brown, D.2    Clouter, A.3    Donaldson, K.4
  • 54
    • 34548833609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does inhalation of ultrafine particles cause pulmonary vascular effects in humans?
    • Frampton MW. Does inhalation of ultrafine particles cause pulmonary vascular effects in humans? Inhal Toxicol 2007; 19 (Suppl 1):75-79.
    • (2007) Inhal Toxicol , vol.19 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 75-79
    • Frampton, M.W.1
  • 55
    • 0036847266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of microbial components and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in cytokine responses to air pollution particles
    • Becker S, Fenton MJ, Soukup JM. Involvement of microbial components and toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in cytokine responses to air pollution particles. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002; 27:611-618.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol , vol.27 , pp. 611-618
    • Becker, S.1    Fenton, M.J.2    Soukup, J.M.3
  • 56
    • 28244481785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by particulate air pollution
    • Risom L, Moller P, Loft S. Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by particulate air pollution. Mutat Res 2005; 592 (1-2):119-137.
    • (2005) Mutat Res , vol.592 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 119-137
    • Risom, L.1    Moller, P.2    Loft, S.3
  • 57
    • 0030876302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular endothelial cells generate peroxynitrite in response to carbon monoxide exposure
    • Thorn SR, Xu YA, Ischiropoulos H. Vascular endothelial cells generate peroxynitrite in response to carbon monoxide exposure. Chem Res Toxicol 1997; 10:1023-1031.
    • (1997) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.10 , pp. 1023-1031
    • Thorn, S.R.1    Xu, Y.A.2    Ischiropoulos, H.3
  • 58
    • 17644365812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic response to ambient particulate matter: Relevance to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • van Eeden SF, Yeung A, Quinlam K, Hogg JC. Systemic response to ambient particulate matter: relevance to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2005; 2:61-67.
    • (2005) Proc Am Thorac Soc , vol.2 , pp. 61-67
    • van Eeden, S.F.1    Yeung, A.2    Quinlam, K.3    Hogg, J.C.4
  • 59
    • 0035448130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines involved in the systemic inflammatory response induced by exposure to particulate matter air pollutants (PM(10))
    • van Eeden SF, Tan WC, Suwa T, et al. Cytokines involved in the systemic inflammatory response induced by exposure to particulate matter air pollutants (PM(10)). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:826-830.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.164 , pp. 826-830
    • van Eeden, S.F.1    Tan, W.C.2    Suwa, T.3
  • 60
    • 45149126200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic susceptibility to the respiratory effects of air pollution
    • Yang IA, Fong KM, Zimmerman PV, et al. Genetic susceptibility to the respiratory effects of air pollution. Thorax 2008; 63:555-563.
    • (2008) Thorax , vol.63 , pp. 555-563
    • Yang, I.A.1    Fong, K.M.2    Zimmerman, P.V.3
  • 61
    • 49649098580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diesel exhaust exposure enhances the ozone-induced airway inflammation in healthy humans
    • Bosson J, Barath S, Pourazar J, et al. Diesel exhaust exposure enhances the ozone-induced airway inflammation in healthy humans. Eur Respir J 2008; 31:1234-1240.
    • (2008) Eur Respir J , vol.31 , pp. 1234-1240
    • Bosson, J.1    Barath, S.2    Pourazar, J.3
  • 62
    • 34548487990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ozone enhancement of lower airway allergic inflammation is prevented by gamma-tocopherol
    • Wagner JG, Jiang Q, Harkema JR, et al. Ozone enhancement of lower airway allergic inflammation is prevented by gamma-tocopherol. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:1176-1188.
    • (2007) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.43 , pp. 1176-1188
    • Wagner, J.G.1    Jiang, Q.2    Harkema, J.R.3
  • 63
    • 47549085768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled glutathione for the prevention of air pollution-related health effects: A brief review
    • Allen J. Inhaled glutathione for the prevention of air pollution-related health effects: a brief review. Altern Ther Health Med 2008; 14:42-44.
    • (2008) Altern Ther Health Med , vol.14 , pp. 42-44
    • Allen, J.1
  • 64
    • 46749088979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air pollution: Costs and paths to a solution in Hong Kong: understanding the connections among visibility, air pollution, and health costs in pursuit of accountability, environmental justice, and health protection
    • Hedley AJ, McGhee SM, Barron B, et al. Air pollution: costs and paths to a solution in Hong Kong: understanding the connections among visibility, air pollution, and health costs in pursuit of accountability, environmental justice, and health protection. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2008; 71 (9-10): 544-554.
    • (2008) J Toxicol Environ Health A , vol.71 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 544-554
    • Hedley, A.J.1    McGhee, S.M.2    Barron, B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.