Advances in insoles and shoes for knee osteoarthritis

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 164-170

  Hinman, Rana S ^a   Bennell, Kim L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Footwear; Insoles; Knee osteoarthritis; Orthotics; Shoes

Indexed keywords

DISEASE COURSE; HUMAN; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; ORTHOTICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SHOE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WALKING; WEIGHT BEARING;

BIOMECHANICS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HUMANS; KNEE JOINT; ORTHOTIC DEVICES; OSTEOARTHRITIS, KNEE; SHOES;

EID: 62349087418     PISSN: 10408711     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32832496c2     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Sasaki T, Yasuda K. Clinical evaluation of the treatment of osteoarthritic knees using a newly designed wedged insole. Clin Orthop Rel Res 1987; 221:181-187.
2. Yasuda K, Sasaki T. The mechanics of treatment of the osteoarthritic knee with a wedged insole. Clin Orthop Rel Res 1987; 215:162-172.
3. Ledingham J, Regan M, Jones A, Doherty M. Radiographic patterns and associations of osteoarthritis of the knee in patients referred to hospital. Ann Rheum Dis 1993; 52:520-526.
4. Butler RJ, Marchesi S, Royer T, Davis IS. The effect of a subject-specific amount of lateral wedge on knee mechanics in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2007; 25:1121-1127. This study showed that an individualized approach to determining the degree of wedge inclination, based on immediate reduction of symptoms, is effective in reducing the adduction moment.
5. Hinman RS, Bowles K, Payne C, Bennell KL. Effect of length on laterally wedged insoles in knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum (Arthritis Care Res) 2008; 59:144-147. This study is the first to compare the biomechanical effects of a full-length versus a rearfoot laterally wedged insole and found that only the full-length wedge significantly reduced the adduction moment.
6. Hinman RS, Payne C, Metcalf BR, et al. Lateral wedges in knee osteoarthritis: what are their immediate clinical and biomechanical effects and can these predict a three-month clinical outcome? Arthritis Rheum (Arthritis Care Res) 2008; 59:408-415. This study is one of a limited number to evaluate which factors may be predictive of clinical outcome with lateral wedges. It showed that the best outcomes were associated with less severe disease and with the greatest immediate reductions in pain and the adduction moment.
7. Kakihana W, Akai M, Nakazawa K, et al. Effects of laterally wedged insoles on knee and subtalar joint moments. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005; 86:1465-1471.
8. Kerrigan DC, Lelas JL, Goggins J, et al. Effectiveness of a lateral-wedge insole on knee varus torque in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 83:889-893.
9. Kuroyanagi Y, Nagura T, Matsumoto H, et al. The lateral wedged insole with subtalar strapping significantly reduces dynamic knee load in the medial compartment-gait analysis on patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007; 15:932-936. This study compared a lateral wedge insole with and without subtalar strapping and found that the addition of strapping was more effective in reducing knee load than the wedged insole alone.
10. Shimada S, Kobayashi S, Wada M, et al. Effects of disease severity on response to lateral wedged shoe insole for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006; 87:1436-1441.
11. Shelburne KB, Torry MR, Steadman JR, Pandy MG. Effects of foot orthoses and valgus bracing on the knee adduction moment and medial joint load during gait. Clin Biomech 2008; 23:814-821. This study employed biomechanical modelling to determine the effect of lateral shifts in the centre of foot pressure, as is achieved by lateral wedges, on medial compartment knee load.
12. Thorp LE, Wimmer MA, Sumner DR, et al. Custom shoe inserts induce beneficial long-term gait adaptations in medial knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56:3120.
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15. Toda Y, Segal N. Usefulness of an insole with subtalar strapping for analgesia in patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum (Arthritis Care Res) 2002; 47:468-473.
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17. Fang MA, Taylor CE, Nouvong A, et al. Effects of footwear on medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. J Rehabil Res Devel 2006; 43:427-434.
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20. Tohyama H, Yasuda K, Kaneda K. Treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee with heel wedges, Int Orthop 1991; 15:31-33.
21. Baker K, Goggins J, Xie H, et al. A randomized crossover trial of a wedged insole for treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56:1198-1203. This is one of only two randomized controlled trials evaluating the clinical efficacy of laterally wedges insoles in medial knee osteoarthritis. It found no statistical or clinical benefits with 6 weeks of insole use.
22. Maillefert JF, Hudry C, Baron G, et al. Laterally elevated wedged insoles in the treatment of medial knee osteoarthritis: a prospective randomised controlled study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2001; 9:738-745.
23. Pham T, Mailiefert JF, Hudry C, et al. Laterally elevated wedged insoles in the treatment of medial knee osteoarthritis: a two year prospective randomized controlled study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003; 12:46-55.
24. Toda Y, Segal N, Kato A, et al. Effect of a novel insole on the subtalar joint of patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol 2001; 28:2705-2710.
25. Toda Y, Tsukimura N. A six-month followup of a randomized trial comparing the efficacy of a lateral-wedge insole with subtalar strapping and an in-shoe lateral-wedge insole in patients with varus deformity osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50:3129-3136.
26. Toda Y, Tsukimura N. A 2-year follow-up of a study to compare the efficacy of lateral wedged insoles with subtalar strapping and in-shoe lateral wedged insoles in patients with varus deformity osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006; 14:231-237.
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28. Toda Y, Segal N, Kato A, et al. Correlation between body composition and efficacy of lateral wedged insoles for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. J Rheumatol 2002; 29:541-545.
29. Toda Y, Tsukimura N. Influence of concomitant heeled footwear when wearing a lateral wedged insole for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16:244-253. This study highlights the influence of different types of footwear in mediating the clinical benefits of laterally wedged insoles. On the basis of its findings, insertion in socks (for indoors) or flat footwear without heels would be recommended to use with wedges.
30. Toda Y, Tsukimura N, Segal N. An optimal duration of daily wear for an insole with subtalar strapping in patients with varus deformity osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2005; 13:353-360.
31. Bennell KL, Bowles K, Payne C, et al. Effects of laterally wedged insoles on symptoms and disease progression in medial knee osteoarthritis: a protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. BMC Musculoskel Dis 2007; 8:96.
32. Schmalz T, Blumentritt S, Drewitz H, Freslier M. The influence of sole wedges on frontal plane kinetics, in isolation and in combination with representative rigid and semi-rigid ankle-foot-orthoses. Clin Biomech 2006; 21:631-639.
33. Rodrigues PT, Ferreira AF, Pereira RM, et al. Effectiveness of medial-wedge insole treatment for valgus knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum (Arthritis Care Res) 2008; 59:603-608. This study reports the first randomized trial of medial wedge insoles for treatment of lateral compartment osteoarthritis disease and shows positive clinical outcomes supporting their use in this patient population.
34. Franz JR, Dicharry J, Riley PO, et al. The influence of arch supports on knee torques relevant to knee osteoarthritis. Med Sci Sports Ex 2008; 40:913-917. This study demonstrated that medial arch supports increase the adduction moment in healthy individuals and, if results are confirmed in those with medial knee osteoarthritis, would suggest caution with their use in this patient population.
35. Kerrigan DC, Johansson JL, Bryant MG, et al. Moderate-heeled shoes and knee joint torques relevant to the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005; 86:871-875.
36. Kerrigan DC, Karvosky ME, Lelas JL, Riley PO. Men's shoes and knee joint torques relevant to the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 2003; 30:529-533.
37. Kerrigan DC, Lelas JL, Karvosky ME. Women's shoes and knee osteoarthritis. Lancet 2001; 357:1097-1098.
38. Kerrigan DC, Todd MK, Riley PO. Knee osteoarthritis and high-heeled shoes. Lancet 1998; 351:1399-1401.
39. Kemp G, Crossley KM, Wrigley TV, et al. Reducing joint loading in medial knee osteoarthritis: shoes and canes. Arthritis Rheum (Arthritis Care Res) 2008; 59:609-614. This paper highlights the fact that wearing shoes increases knee loading compared with barefoot walking, and that increases in loading are not systematic but may be mediated by patient or shoe characteristics.
40. Shakoor N, Block JA. Walking barefoot decreases loading on the lower extremity joints in knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:2923-2927.
41. Miyazaki T, Wada M, Kawahara H, et al. Dynamic load at baseline can predict radiographic disease progression in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2002; 61:617-622.
42. Sengupta M, Mikolaitis RA, Trombley RM, et al. The effects of common footwear on dynamic joint loading in osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56:3119. This abstract reports the first study to compare the effects of different common types of off-the-shelf shoes on knee loading in people with knee osteoarthritis. This study highlights that some shoe types significantly increase joint loading whereas others do not.
43. Shakoor N, Lidtke R, Sengupta M, et al. Effects of specialized footwear on joint loads in osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum (Arthritis Care Res) 2008; 59:1214-1220. This is the first full paper to report the evaluation of a novel custom-designed 'mobility' shoe in people with knee osteoarthritis. Results showed that it can immediately reduce knee load compared with both control shoes and self-chosen walking shoes.
44. Nigg BM, Emery C, Hiemstra LA. Unstable shoe construction and reduction of pain In osteoarthritis patients. Med Sci Sports Ex 2006; 38:1701-1708.
45. Nigg BM, Hintzen S, Ferber R. Effect of an unstable shoe construction on lower extremity gait characteristics. Clin Biomech 2006; 21:82-88.
46. Fisher DS, Dyrby CO, Mundermann A, et al. In healthy subjects without knee osteoarthritis, the peak knee adduction moment influences the acute effect of shoe interventions designed to reduce medial compartment knee load. J Orthop Res 2007; 25:540-546. This study describes a range of shoe modifications that can significantly reduce medial knee load in healthy people, and thus offers potential interventions for future testing in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis.
47. Erhart J, Mundermann A, Eispas B, et al. A variable-stiffness shoe lowers the knee adduction moment in subjects with symptoms of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. J Biomech 2008; 41:2720-2725. This study reports the biomechanical benefits of a variable-stiffness shoe on knee loading observed in a large cohort with medial knee osteoarthritis. This study showed that benefits did not occur at the expense of overloading other lower limb joints.
48. Erhart JC, Giori NJ, Andnacchi TP. Variable-stiffness walking shoe lowers knee adduction moment, reduces pain, and improves function in patients with osteoarthritis after one year. 54th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society; 2008, San Francisco, USA. This abstract reports the first clinical trial to evaluate the effects of a modified shoe on joint loading and symptoms in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Findings showed that a shoe with a variable-stiffness sole could reduce loading and improve symptoms.