Hope, colour, and comradeship: Loyalty and opportunism in early twentieth-century church attendance among the working class in north-west England

Journal of Religious History

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 20-38

  Entwistle, Dorothy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 62149128579     PISSN: 00224227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9809.00119     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. S. J. D. Green, Religion in the Age of Decline: Organization and Experience in Industrial Yorkshire, 1870-1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 22
2. A. D. Gilbert, Religion and Society in Industrial England: Church, Chapel and Social Change, 1740-1914 (London: Longman, 1976)
3. J. Cox, The English Churches in a Secular Society: Lambeth, 1870-1930 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982)
4. C. G. Brown, "Did Urbanisation Secularise Britain?", Urban History Yearbook (1988): 1-14
5. S. C. Williams, "Religious Belief and Popular Culture: A Study of the South London Borough of Southwark, 1880-1939" (DPhil thesis, University of Oxford, 1993); see also Green
6. P. Joyce, Work, Society and Politics: The Culture of the Factory in Later Victorian England (Brighton: Harvester, 1980)
7. R. S. Moore, Pit-men, Preachers and Politics: The Effects of Methodism in a Durham Mining Community (London: Cambridge University Press, 1974)
8. H. McLeod, Religion and Society in England, 1850-1914 (London: Macmillan, 1996), 59-70
9. E. M. Roberts, A Woman's Place: An Oral History of Working-class Women, 1890-1940 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1984), 1-10
10. T. Bulmer, History, Topography and Directory of Lancaster and District, 1913 (Preston: T. Snape & Co., 1913), 53-4. Anglican, 8, with three missions attached to parish church; Roman Catholic, 2; Congregationalist, 2; Wesleyan Methodist, 3: Unitarian, 1; Independent Methodist, 1: Presbyterian, 1; Primitive Methodist, 1; Baptist, 1; Quaker, 1; United Free Church, 1; Salvation Array, 1; Plymouth Brethren, 1; Latter Day Saints, 1. Barrow and District Year Book, 1920 (Barrow-in-Furness: Barrow News & Mail Ltd, 1920), 109-15
11. Anglican, 10; Roman Catholic, 4; Congregationalist, 2; Presbyterian, 2; Wesleyan, Methodist, 8; Baptist, 2; United Methodist, 5; Primitive Methodist, 3; Salvation Army, 1
12. CG. Brown and J. D. Stephenson, '"Sprouting Wings'?': Women and Religion in Scotland, c. 1890-1950," in Out of Bounds, ed. E. Breitenbach and E. Gordon, (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1992), 102
13. H. McLeod, Piety and Poverty: Working-class Religion in Berlin, London and New York, 1870-1914 (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1996), 39-42. A similar study was conducted using data from Thompson and Vigne's study, analysing interviews of forty-five Londoners brought up 1880-1914 in working-class homes to discover details of working-class religion unavailable in documentary sources. McLeod divided his sample into three roughly equal groups according to the religious ethos prevailing in the interviewees' homes. There are certain similarities with the categorization used in the present study, but with different emphases
14. R. R, Dolling, Ten Years in a Portsmouth Slum (London: 1896), 230-1
15. Green, 152-8, for expansion of church building, refiirbishment, and choirs at a time when congregations less willing and able to bear cost. Also place of bazaars in attempts to finance these schemes, 165-76
16. McLeod, Religion, 64-6
17. For occupations of respondents' parents, see Roberts, 207
18. McLeod, Piety, 131-16