Current management of the adolescent varicocele

Current Urology Reports

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 144-152

  Gargollo, Patricio C ^b   Diamond, David A ^a  

^a BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTIFICIAL EMBOLISM; CONCEPTION; EPIDIDYMIS; FOLLOW UP; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INGUINAL CANAL; LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; LEYDIG CELL; MALE; MALE INFERTILITY; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SCLEROTHERAPY; SEMEN ANALYSIS; SERTOLI CELL; SPERMATOZOON DENSITY; SPERMATOZOON MOTILITY; TESTIS; TESTIS BIOPSY; TESTIS FUNCTION; TESTIS SIZE; TREATMENT INDICATION; ULTRASOUND; VALSALVA MANEUVER; VARICOCELE; VASCULARIZATION;

ADOLESCENT; HUMANS; MALE; ORGAN SIZE; SEMEN; TESTIS; VARICOCELE;

EID: 62149115925     PISSN: 15272737     EISSN: 15346285     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11934-009-0026-7     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. N. Zampieri R.M. Cervellione 2008 Varicocele in adolescents: a 6-year longitudinal and followup observational study J Urol 180 Suppl4 1653 1656
2. R.M. Cervellione M. Corroppolo A. Bianchi 2008 Subclinical varicocele in the pediatric age group J Urol 179 717 719
3. T.B. Hargreave 1993 Varicocele-a clinical enigma Br J Urol 72 401 408
4. M. Kendirci A. Kadioglu U. Boylu C. Miroglu 2005 Urogenital surgery of the 15th century in Anatolia J Urol 173 1879 1882
5. J.R. Herman 1978 Varicocele: some interesting early approaches Urology 12 498C 498D
6. E.J. Kass R.S. Chandra A.B. Belman 1987 Testicular histology in the adolescent with a varicocele Pediatrics 79 996 998
7. C.J. Okstein 1987 Adolescent varicocele Pediatrics 80 971
8. M. Goldstein 1995 Adolescent varicocele J Urol 153 484 485
9. E.M. Beck P.N. Schlegel M. Goldstein 1992 Intraoperative varicocele anatomy: a macroscopic and microscopic study J Urol 148 1190 1194
10. B. Gill S.J. Kogan J. Maldonado 1990 Significance of intraoperative venographic patterns on the postoperative recurrence and surgical incision placement of pediatric varicoceles J Urol 144 502 505
11. J. Oster 1971 Varicocele in children and adolescents. An investigation of the incidence among Danish school children Scand J Urol Nephrol 5 27 32
12. S.J. Skoog 1997 Benign and malignant pediatric scrotal masses Pediatr Clin North Am 44 1229 1250
13. Z.A. Kadyrov O.V. Teodorovich O.O. Zokirov 2007 Bilateral varicocele: epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis [in Russian] Urologiia 3 64 68
14. H. Shinsaka N. Fujimoto T. Matsumoto 2006 A rare case of right varicocele testis caused by a renal cell carcinoma thrombus in the spermatic vein Int J Urol 13 844 845
15. K. Shiraishi H. Takihara Y. Kamiryo K. Naito 2005 Usefulness and limitation of punched-out orchidometer in testicular volume measurement Asian J Androl 7 77 80
16. D. Nashan H.M. Behre J.H. Grunert E. Nieschlag 1990 Diagnostic value of scrotal sonography in infertile men: report on 658 cases Andrologia 22 387 395
17. S. Cayan E. Akbay M. Bozlu 2002 Diagnosis of pediatric varicoceles by physical examination and ultrasonography and measurement of the testicular volume: using the prader orchidometer versus ultrasonography Urol Int 69 293 296
18. D.A. Diamond H.J. Paltiel J. DiCanzio 2000 Comparative assessment of pediatric testicular volume: orchidometer versus ultrasound J Urol 164 1111 1114
19. Y. Gat Z. Zukerman J. Chakraborty M. Gornish 2005 Varicocele, hypoxia and male infertility. Fluid Mechanics analysis of the impaired testicular venous drainage system Hum Reprod 20 2614 2619
20. H.U. Braedel J. Steffens M. Ziegler 1994 A possible ontogenic etiology for idiopathic left varicocele J Urol 151 62 66
21. M.M. Wishahi 1991 Anatomy of the venous drainage of the human testis: testicular vein cast, microdissection and radiographic demonstration. A new anatomical concept Eur Urol 20 154 160
22. M.M. Wishahi 1991 Detailed anatomy of the internal spermatic vein and the ovarian vein. Human cadaver study and operative spermatic venography: clinical aspects J Urol 145 780 784
23. M.M. Wishahi 1992 Anatomy of the spermatic venous plexus (pampiniform plexus) in men with and without varicocele: intraoperative venographic study J Urol 147 1285 1289
24. B.L. Coolsaet 1980 The varicocele syndrome: venography determining the optimal level for surgical management J Urol 124 833 839
25. T.T. Turner 2001 The study of varicocele through the use of animal models Hum Reprod Update 7 78 84
26. D.C. Saypol S.S. Howards T.T. Turner E.D. Miller Jr 1981 Influence of surgically induced varicocele on testicular blood flow, temperature, and histology in adult rats and dogs J Clin Invest 68 39 45
27. H.M. Nagler E.F. Lizza S.D. House 1987 Testicular hemodynamic changes after the surgical creation of a varicocele in the rat. Intravital microscopic observations J Androl 8 292 298
28. J.A. Ross N.E. Watson Jr J.P. Jarow 1994 The effect of varicoceles on testicular blood flow in man Urology 44 535 539
29. S. Tarhan B. Gumus I. Gunduz 2003 Effect of varicocele on testicular artery blood flow in men-color Doppler investigation Scand J Urol Nephrol 37 38 42
30. H.G. Hanley R.G. Harrison 1962 The nature and surgical treatment of varicocele Br J Surg 50 64 67
31. A.W. Zorgniotti J. Macleod 1973 Studies in temperature, human semen quality, and varicocele Fertil Steril 24 854 863
32. M.R. Gazvani S.J. Wood A.J. Thomson 2000 Assessment of testicular core temperatures using microwave thermography Hum Reprod 15 1723 1726
33. E.J. Wright G.P. Young M. Goldstein 1997 Reduction in testicular temperature after varicocelectomy in infertile men Urology 50 257 259
34. J.I. Ali D.J. Weaver S.H. Weinstein E.M. Grimes 1990 Scrotal temperature and semen quality in men with and without varicocele Arch Androl 24 215 219
35. T.T. Turner T.J. Lopez 1989 Effects of experimental varicocele require neither adrenal contribution nor venous reflux J Urol 142 1372 1375
36. R.M. Harrison R.W. Lewis J.A. Roberts 1986 Pathophysiology of varicocele in nonhuman primates: long-term seminal and testicular changes Fertil Steril 46 500 510
37. Shiraishi K, Takihara H, Naito K: Testicular volume, scrotal temperature, and oxidative stress in fertile men with left varicocele. Fertil Steril 2008 Aug 4 (Epub ahead of print).
38. T.T. Turner J.J. Lysiak 2008 Oxidative stress: a common factor in testicular dysfunction J Androl 29 488 498
39. E. Ozbek M. Cekmen A. Simsek 2008 Comparison of antioxidant enzyme activity in the internal spermatic vein and brachial veins of patients with infertile varicocele Int Urol Nephrol 40 679 683
40. Y. Sakamoto T. Ishikawa Y. Kondo 2008 The assessment of oxidative stress in infertile patients with varicocele BJU Int 101 1547 1552
41. A. Zini A. Blumenfeld J. Libman J. Willis 2005 Beneficial effect of microsurgical varicocelectomy on human sperm DNA integrity Hum Reprod 20 1018 1021
42. S. Benoff C.C. Chu J.L. Marmar 2007 Voltage-dependent calcium channels in mammalian spermatozoa revisited Front Biosci 12 1420 1449
43. C. Yesilli G. Mungan I. Seckiner 2005 Effect of varicocelectomy on sperm creatine kinase, HspA2 chaperone protein (creatine kinase-M type), LDH, LDH-X, and lipid peroxidation product levels in infertile men with varicocele Urology 66 610 615
44. T.E. Shook L.M. Nyberg B.S. Collins S. Mathur 1988 Pathological and immunological effects of surgically induced varicocele in juvenile and adult rats Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 17 141 144
45. T.T. Turner C.E. Jones M.S. Roddy 1987 Experimental varicocele does not affect the blood-testis barrier, epididymal electrolyte concentrations, or testicular blood gas concentrations Biol Reprod 36 926 932
46. D.F. Cameron F.E. Snydle 1980 The blood-testis barrier in men with varicocele: a lanthanum tracer study Fertil Steril 34 255 258
47. J.L. Marmar 2001 The pathophysiology of varicoceles in the light of current molecular and genetic information Hum Reprod Update 7 461 472
48. C.K. Naughton A.K. Nangia A. Agarwal 2001 Pathophysiology of varicoceles in male infertility Hum Reprod Update 7 473 481
49. N. Sofikitis I. Miyagawa 1992 Effects of surgical repair of experimental left varicocele on testicular temperature, spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, endocrine function, and fertility in rabbits Arch Androl 29 163 175
50. J. Rajfer T.T. Turner F. Rivera 1987 Inhibition of testicular testosterone biosynthesis following experimental varicocele in rats Biol Reprod 36 933 937
51. T.T. Turner W.S. Evans T.J. Lopez 1990 Gonadotroph and Leydig cell responsiveness in the male rat. Effects of experimental left varicocele J Androl 11 555 562
52. H. Fisch G. Hyun T.W. Hensle 2003 Testicular growth and gonadotrophin response associated with varicocele repair in adolescent males BJU Int 91 75 78
53. F. Hadziselimovic B. Herzog B. Leibundgut 1989 Testicular and vascular changes in children and adults with varicocele J Urol 142 583 585
54. F. Hadziselimovic B. Leibundgut D. Da Rugna M.W. Buser 1986 The value of testicular biopsy in patients with varicocele J Urol 135 707 710
55. M. Goldstein 1997 New insights into the etiology and treatment of male infertility J Urol 158 1808 1809
56. A. Lenzi L. Gandini P. Bagolan 1998 Sperm parameters after early left varicocele treatment Fertil Steril 69 347 349
57. I. Madgar R. Weissenberg B. Lunenfeld 1995 Controlled trial of high spermatic vein ligation for varicocele in infertile men Fertil Steril 63 120 124
58. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine 2006 Report on varicocele and infertility Fertil Steril 86 Suppl5 S93 S95
59. S. Cayan C.R. Woodhouse 2007 The treatment of adolescents presenting with a varicocele BJU Int 100 744 747
60. S.J. Skoog K.P. Roberts M. Goldstein J.L. Pryor 1997 The adolescent varicocele: what's new with an old problem in young patients? Pediatrics 100 112 121
61. A.B. Gershbein M. Horowitz K.I. Glassberg 1999 The adolescent varicocele I: left testicular hypertrophy following varicocelectomy J Urol 162 1447 1449
62. J.I. Gorelick M. Goldstein 1993 Loss of fertility in men with varicocele Fertil Steril 59 613 616
63. D.A. Paduch J. Niedzielski 1996 Semen analysis in young men with varicocele: preliminary study J Urol 156 788 790
64. M.H. Schlesinger I.F. Wilets H.M. Nagler 1994 Treatment outcome after varicocelectomy. A critical analysis Urol Clin North Am 21 517 529
65. J.P. Alukal D. Zurakowski A. Atala 2005 Testicular hypotrophy does not correlate with grade of adolescent varicocele J Urol 174 2367 2370
66. D.A. Diamond D. Zurakowski S.B. Bauer 2007 Relationship of varicocele grade and testicular hypotrophy to semen parameters in adolescents J Urol 178 4Pt2 1584 1588
67. N. Zampieri M. Corroppolo V. Zuin 2007 Longitudinal study of semen quality in adolescents with varicocele: to treat or not? Urology 70 989 993
68. F.T. Andrade-Rocha 2007 Significance of sperm characteristics in the evaluation of adolescents, adults and older men with varicocele J Postgrad Med 53 8 13
69. A. Carrillo A. Gershbein K.I. Glassberg M. Danon 1999 Serum inhibin B levels and the response to gonadotropin stimulation test in pubertal boys with varicocele J Urol 162 3Pt1 875 877
70. E.J. Kass J.E. Freitas J.B. Bour 1989 Adolescent varicocele: objective indications for treatment J Urol 142 579 582
71. E.J. Kass B.R. Stork B.W. Steinert 2001 Varicocele in adolescence induces left and right testicular volume loss BJU Int 87 499 501
72. E.J. Kass A.B. Belman 1987 Reversal of testicular growth failure by varicocele ligation J Urol 137 475 476
73. S. Cayan E. Akbay M. Bozlu 2002 The effect of varicocele repair on testicular volume in children and adolescents with varicocele J Urol 168 731 734
74. T.F. Kolon M.R. Clement L. Cartwright 2008 Transient asynchronous testicular growth in adolescent males with a varicocele J Urol 180 1111 1114
75. J.L. Marks R. McMahon L.I. Lipshultz 1986 Predictive parameters of successful varicocele repair J Urol 136 609 612
76. J.L. Marmar A. Agarwal S. Prabakaran 2007 Reassessing the value of varicocelectomy as a treatment for male subfertility with a new meta-analysis Fertil Steril 88 639 648
77. P.N. Schlegel 1997 Is assisted reproduction the optimal treatment for varicocele-associated male infertility? A cost-effectiveness analysis Urology 49 83 90
78. T. Hargreave C. Ghosh 1998 Varicocele: does treatment promote male fertility? Urologe A 37 258 264
79. E.W. Salzhauer A. Sokol K.I. Glassberg 2004 Paternity after adolescent varicocele repair Pediatrics 114 1631 1633
80. C. Schwentner J. Oswald A. Lunacek 2006 Optimizing the outcome of microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy using isosulfan blue: a prospective randomized trial J Urol 175 1049 1052
81. M. Goldstein C. Tanrikut 2006 Microsurgical management of male infertility Nat Clin Pract Urol 3 381 391
82. J. Schiff C. Kelly M. Goldstein 2005 Managing varicoceles in children: results with microsurgical varicocelectomy BJU Int 95 399 402
83. O. Yaman T. Soygur A.E. Zumrutbas B. Resorlu 2006 Results of microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy in children and adolescents Urology 68 410 412
84. M. Riccabona J. Oswald M. Koen 2003 Optimizing the operative treatment of boys with varicocele: sequential comparison of 4 techniques J Urol 169 666 668
85. G. Mazzoni 2001 Adolescent varicocele: treatment by antegrade sclerotherapy J Pediatr Surg 36 1546 1550
86. G. Mazzoni S. Minucci V. Gentile 2002 Recurrent varicocele: role of antegrade sclerotherapy as first choice treatment Eur Urol 41 614 618
87. F.F. Pasqualotto A.M. Lucon P.M. de Góes 2005 Is it worthwhile to operate on subclinical right varicocele in patients with grade II-III varicocele in the left testicle? J Assist Reprod Genet 22 227 231
88. J.P. Jarow S.R. Ogle L.A. Eskew 1996 Seminal improvement following repair of ultrasound detected subclinical varicoceles J Urol 155 1287 1290
89. M. Yamamoto H. Hibi Y. Hirata 1996 Effect of varicocelectomy on sperm parameters and pregnancy rate in patients with subclinical varicocele: a randomized prospective controlled study J Urol 155 1636 1638
90. E.J. Kass B. Marcol 1992 Results of varicocele surgery in adolescents: a comparison of techniques J Urol 148 694 696
91. K.M. Feber E.J. Kass 2008 Varicocelectomy in adolescent boys: long-term experience with the Palomo procedure J Urol 180 Suppl4 1657 1659
92. R. Misseri A.B. Gershbein M. Horowitz 2001 The adolescent varicocele. II: the incidence of hydrocele and delayed recurrent varicocele after varicocelectomy in a long-term follow-up BJU Int 87 494 498
93. K.I. Glassberg S.A. Poon C.K. Gjertson 2008 Laparoscopic lymphatic sparing varicocelectomy in adolescents J Urol 180 326 330
94. J.M. Hassan M.C. Adams J.C. Pope 4th 2006 Hydrocele formation following laparoscopic varicocelectomy J Urol 175 1076 1079
95. R. Kocvara J. Dvoracek J. Sedlacek 2005 Lymphatic sparing laparoscopic varicocelectomy: a microsurgical repair J Urol 173 1751 1754
96. B.A. VanderBrink L.S. Palmer J. Gitlin 2007 Lymphaticsparing laparoscopic varicocelectomy versus microscopic varicocelectomy: is there a difference? Urology 70 1207 1210