Repressors report fewer intrusions following a laboratory stressor: The role of reduced stressor-relevant concept activation and inhibitory functioning

Anxiety, Stress and Coping

Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 189-200

  Overwijk, Sippie ^a   Wessel, Ineke ^a   De Jong, Peter J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Inhibitory control; Intrusions; Repressive coping

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; COGNITION; COMPUTER; DEFENSE MECHANISM; HUMAN; LEARNING; MEMORY; MENTAL STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; STUDENT; UNIVERSITY;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; ANXIETY; ATTITUDE; COGNITION; COMPUTERS; HUMANS; LEARNING; MEMORY; QUESTIONNAIRES; REPRESSION; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; STUDENTS; UNIVERSITIES;

EID: 61949420908     PISSN: 10615806     EISSN: 14772205     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10615800802317833     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Barnier, A.J., Levin, K., & Maher, A. (2004). Suppressing thoughts of past events: Are repressive copers good suppressors? Cognition and Emotion, 18, 513-531.
3. Baumeister, R.F., & Cairns, K.J. (1992). Repression and self-presentation: When audiences interfere with self-deceptive strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 851-862.
4. Brewin, C.R., & Beaton, A. (2002). Thought suppression, intelligence, and working memory capacity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 923-930.
5. Brewin, C.R., & Smart, L. (2005). Working memory capacity and suppression of intrusive thoughts. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 36, 61-68.
6. Brosschot, J.F., de Ruiter, C., & Kindt, M. (1999). Processing bias in anxious subjects and repressors, measured by emotional Stroop interference and attentional allocation. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 777-793.
7. Cahill, L., & McGaugh, J.L. (1998). Mechanisms of emotional arousal and lasting declarative memory. Trends in Neuroscience, 21, 294-299.
8. Crowne, D.P., & Marlowe, D. (1964). The approval motive: Studies in evaluative dependence. New York: Wiley.
9. Davis, P.J. (1987). Repression and the inaccessibility of affective memories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 585-593.
10. Dawkins, K., & Furnham, A. (1989). The colour-naming of emotional words. British Journal of Psychology, 80, 383-389.
11. Derakshan, N., & Eysenck, M.W. (1998). Working memory capacity in high trait-anxious and repressor groups. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 697-713.
12. Derakshan, N., & Eysenck, M.W. (1999). Are repressors self-deceivers or other-deceivers? Cognition and Emotion, 13, 1-17.
13. Derakshan, N., & Eysenck, M.W. (2005). When the bogus pipeline interferes with self-deceptive strategies: Effects on state anxiety in repressors. Cognition and Emotion, 19, 83-100.
14. Engle, R.W. (2002). Working memory capacity as executive attention. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 19-23.
15. Eysenck, M.W. (1995). Trait anxiety, repressors and cognitive biases. Cognition and Emotion, 9, 637-642.
16. Field, A. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage.
17. Fox, E. (1993). Allocation of visual attention and anxiety. Cognition and Emotion, 7, 207-215.
18. Geraerts, E., Merckelbach, H., Jelicic, M., & Habets, P. (2007). Repressive coping and working memory capacity in repressive coping. American Journal of Psychology, 120, 205-218.
19. Geraerts, E., Merckelbach, H., Jelicic, M., & Smeets, E. (2006). Long term consequences of suppression of intrusive anxious thoughts and repressive coping. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1451-1460.
20. Ginzburg, K., Solomon, Z., & Bleich, A. (2002). Repressive coping style, acute stress disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder after myocardial infarction. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 748-757.
21. Hermans, W. (1967). Sociale Wenselijkheidsschaal (SW) (Social Desirability Scale). Nijmegen, The Netherlands: Catholic University of Nijmegen.
22. Levy, B.J., & Anderson, M.C. (2002). Inhibitory processes and the control of memory retrieval. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 299-305.
23. Luteijn, F., & Van der Ploeg, F.A.E. (1983). Groninger intelligence test manual. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets en Zeitlinger B.V.
24. MacLeod, C., & MacLeod, C.M. (2005). The Stroop task: Indirectly measuring concept activation. In A. Wenzel & D.C. Rubin (Eds.), Cognitive methods and their application to clinical research (pp. 13-16). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.
25. McNally, R.J., English, G.E., & Lipke, H.J. (1993). Assessment of intrusive cognition in PTSD: Use of the modified Stroop paradigm. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 6, 33-41.
26. Mendolia, M. (1999). Repressors' appraisals of emotional stimuli in threatening and non threatening positive emotional contexts. Journal of Research in Personality, 33, 1-26.
27. Miyake, A., Friedman, N.P., Emerson, M.J., Witzki, A.H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T.D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "frontal lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49-100.
28. Myers, L.B. (2000). Identifying repressors: A methodological issue for health psychology. Psychology and Health, 15, 205-214.
29. Myers, L.B., & Brewin, C.R. (1994). Recall of early experience and the repressive coping style. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 288-292.
30. Myers, L.B., & Derakshan, N. (2004). To forget or not to forget: What do repressors forget and when do they forget? Cognition and Emotion, 18, 495-511.
31. Myers, L.B., & McKenna, F.P. (1996). The colour-naming of socially threatening words. Personality and Individual Differences, 20, 801-803.
32. Newman, L.S., & McKinney, L.C. (2002). Repressive coping and threat avoidance: An idiographic Stroop study. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 409-422.
33. Reynolds, M., & Brewin, C.R. (1999). Intrusive memories in depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37, 201-215.
34. Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-Prime reference guide. Pittsburgh, PA: Psychology Software Tools.
35. Shane, M.S., & Peterson, J.B. (2004). Self-induced memory distortions and the allocation of processing resources at encoding and retrieval. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 533-558.
36. Spielberger, C.D., Gorsuch, R.L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P.R., & Jacobs, G.A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
37. Tabachnik, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
38. Towse, J.N., & Neil, D. (1998). Analyzing human random generation behavior: A review of methods used and a computer program for describing performance. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments. Computers, 30, 583-591.
39. Unsworth, N., & Engle, R.W. (2007). The nature of individual differences in working memory capacity: Active maintenance in primary memory and controlled search from secondary memory. Psychological Review, 114, 104-132.
40. Van den Hout, J.H.C., Vlaeyen, J.W.S., Peters, M.L., Engelhard, I.M., & Van den Hout, M.A. (2000). Does failure hurt? The effects of failure feedback on pain report, pain tolerance, and pain avoidance. European Journal of Pain, 4, 335-346.
41. Van der Ploeg, H.M., Defares, P.B., & Spielberger, C.D. (1979). Handleiding bij de Zelf-Beoordelings Vragenlijst (ZBV). Een Nederlandse bewerking van de State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Manual to the State-Trait Anxiety Scale, a Dutch edition). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets en Zeitlinger B.V.
42. Verwoerd, J., de Jong, P.J., & Wessel, I. (in press). Low attentional control and the development of intrusive memories following a laboratory stressor. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment.
43. Weinberger, D.A., Schwartz, G.E., & Davidson, R.J. (1979). Low-anxious, high-anxious, and repressive coping styles: Psychometric patterns and behavioral and physiological responses to stress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, 369-380.
44. Williams, J.M.G., Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1996). The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 3-24.