The provincial social survey in Edwardian Britain

Historical Research

Volumn 75, Issue 187, 2002, Pages 73-89

  Freeman, Mark ^a  

^a Institute of Historical Research

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 61949330758     PISSN: 09503471     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-2281.00141     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. B. S. Rowntree, Poverty: a Study of Town Life (1st edn., 1901; 1902)
2. A. L. Bowley and A. R. Burnett-Hurst, Livelihood and Poverty: a Study in the Economic Conditions of Working-Class Households in Northampton, Warrington, Stanley and Reading (1915) (the 5th town, Bolton, was investigated separately)
3. A. L. Bowley and M. H. Hogg, Has Poverty Diminished? A Sequel to Livelihood and Poverty' (1925)
4. For a recent e.g. of Rowntree historiography, see Getting the Measure of Poverty: the Early Legacy of Seebohm Rowntree, ed. J. Bradshaw and R. Sainsbury (Aldershot, 2000)
5. B. Harrison, 'Miss Butler's Oxford survey, in Traditions of Social Policy: Essays in Honour of Violet Butler, ed. A. H. Halsey (Oxford, 1976), p. 27
6. For e.g.s of other historical analyses of social investigations, see R. McKibbin, The Ideologies of Class: Social Relations in Britain 1880-1950 (Oxford, 1990). ch. 6
7. S. Cohen and C. Fleay, 'Introduction', in M. Loane, The Queen's Poor: Life as they Find it in Town and Country (1st edn., 1905; 1998)
8. S. Meacham, Toynbee Hall and Social Reform 1880-1914: the Search for Community (New Haven, Conn., 1987), p. 125
9. Harrison, p. 60
10. See E. Fuller, She Championed Children: the Story of Eglantyne Jebb (1st edn., 1953; 1956), for an account of Jebb's life
11. Harrison, p. 46
12. C. B. Hawkins and J. S. Nicholson, Poor Law Commission: What it Proposes. Full Summary of Both Reports (1909)
13. See, e.g., Studies of Boy Life in Our Cities, ed. E. J. Urwick (1904)
14. E. G. Howarth and M. Wilson, West Ham: a Study in Social and Industrial Problems, Being the Report of the Outer London Inquiry Committee (1907)
15. and T. R. Marr, Housing Conditions in Manchester and Salford: a Report Prepared for the Citizens' Association for the Improvement of the Unwholesome Dwellings and Surroundings of the People (1904). The Outer London Inquiry Committee involved many prominent settlement workers including William Beveridge. Marr was joint warden of the Ancoats settlement and secretary of the Manchester Citizens' Association
16. A. Vincent and R. Plant, Philosophy, Politics and Citizenship: the Life and Thought of British Idealists (Oxford, 1984), pp. 117-20, 140
17. J. Lewis, The Voluntary Sector, the State and Social Work in Britain: the Charity Organisation Society/ Family Welfare Association since 1869 (Aldershot, 1995), p. 26
18. M. J. Moore, 'Social work and social welfare: the organization of philanthropic resources in Britain 1900-14', Jour. British Studies, xvi (1977), 101
19. Harrison, p. 61
20. E. Jebb, Cambridge: a Brief Study in Social Questions (Cambridge, 1906), p. 32
21. A. Briggs, 'The welfare state in historical perspective', in idem, The Collected Essays of Asa Briggs (3 vols., Brighton, 1984-91), ii. 201-5
22. idem, Social Thought and Social Action: a Study of the Work of Seebohm Rowntree 1871-1954 (1961)
23. E. P. Hennock, 'The measurement of urban poverty: from the metropolis to the nation 1880-1920', Econ. Hist. Rev., 2nd, ser., xl (1987), 214-15
24. K. Williams, From Pauperism to Poverty (1981), pp. 348-50
25. E. Yeo, The Contest for Social Science: Relations and Representations of Gender and Class (1996), pp. 223-9
26. G. R. Searle, The Quest for National Efficiency: a Study in British Politics and Political Thought 1890-1914 (1st. edn., Oxford, 1971; 1990), pp. 64-5
27. G. Stedman Jones, Outcast London: a Study in the Relationship between Classes in Victorian Society (1st. edn., Oxford, 1971; Harmondsworth, 1984), chs. 6, 16
28. Rowntree, pp. 214, 216-21
29. quoting J. Rowntree and A, Sherwell, The Temperance Problem and Social Reform (1899), p. 48
30. See, e.g., Searle; B. Semmel, Imperialism and Social Reform: English Social-Imperial Thought, 1895-1914 (1960)
31. J. Harris, Private Lives, Public Spirit: Britain 1870-1914 (1st. edn., Oxford, 1993; 1994), pp. 206, 216-17
32. Rowntree, p. 304
33. Meacham, p. 88
34. P. Geddes, Cities in Evolution: an Introduction to the Town Planning Movement and to the Study of Civics (1st edn., 1915; 1968), p. 341
35. Jebb, pp. 1-11
36. C. V. Butler, Social Conditions in Oxford (1912), pp. 10, 20-9, 98-104, 142-4
37. C. B. Hawkins, Norwich: a Social Study (1910), pp. 5, 12, 22-4, 141, 159, and passim
38. Jebb, pp. 13-14
39. Hawkins, pp. 10, 65
40. Jebb, p. 14
41. Hawkins, pp. 63-72, 173-4
42. Butler, pp. 244-5, and PP. 65-8, 79 for women's work
43. Hawkins, p. 30
44. Butler, p. 93
45. Jebb, pp. 73-4, 80
46. Hawkins, pp. 179-83
47. W. H Beveridge, Unemployment: a Problem of Industry (1st. edn., 1909; 1910), pp. 197-209
48. See also Williams, pp. 361-2
49. J. Harris, Unemployment and Politics: a Study in English Social Policy 1886-1914 (Oxford, 1972), pp. 278-95
50. R. H. Tawney, 'The economics of boy labour', in Problems of Boy Life, ed. J. H Whitehouse (1912), p. 50
51. Butler, ch. 8
52. Hawkins, pp. 80-7
53. Butler, pp. 118-27, 193-207
54. Hawkins, pp. 54-6, 175-8
55. Beveridge, pp. 125-31
56. Jebb, pp. 76-8
57. Hawkins, p. 207
58. Searle, pp. 66-7
59. J. Bristow, Empire Boys: Adventures in a Man's World (1991)
60. Butler, pp. 53-5 (original emphasis)
61. Jebb, pp. 78, 173
62. See Butler, pp. 107-8, 148-50
63. Jebb, pp. 197-8
64. Hawkins, pp. 297, 301
65. Butler, pp. 3, 228
66. Hawkins, pp. 90-4, 293
67. Butler, pp. 156-8
68. Jebb, pp. 207-22, 234-42
69. A. Summers, 'A home from home - women's philanthropic work in the 19th century', in Fit Work for Women, ed. S. Burman (1979), pp. 35-7
70. F. Prochaska, The Voluntary Impulse: Philanthropy in Modern Britain (1988), pp. 25-7, 34-58
71. Jones, p. 261
72. partly quoted in Harrison, p. 53
73. Yeo, ch. 7
74. Hawkins, p. 287
75. Butler, pp. 146ff
76. Hawkins, pp. 108ff
77. Butler, pp. 142-5
78. Jebb, pp. 18-29
79. Butler, p. 145
80. Lewis, p. 71
81. H. Bosanquet, Social Work in London 1896-1912: a History of the Charity Organisation Society (1914), pp. 89-91, 95-7
82. A. W. Vincent, 'The Poor Law reports of 1909 and the social theory of the Charity Organisation Society', Victorian Studies, xxvii (1984), pp. 343-63
83. A. Kidd, State, Society and the Poor in 19th-Century England (Basingstoke, 1999), pp. 104-5
84. J. Harris, The Webbs, the Charity Organisation Society and the Ratan Tata Foundation; social policy from the perspective of 1912, in The Goals of Social Policy, ed. M. Buhner, J. Lewis and D. Piachaud (1989)
85. Jebb, pp. 72-8
86. C. D. Rackham, 'Cambridge', in Social Conditions in Provincial Towns, ed. H Bosanquet (1912), p. 31
87. Hawkins, pp. 125-7
88. Butler, pp. 172-3
89. Bosanquet, Social Work, pp. 70-1, and passim
90. Lewis, passim, K. Laybourn, 'The Guild of Help and the community response to poverty 1904-c.1914', in Social Conditions, Status and Community 1860-c.1920, ed. idem (Stroud, 1997), pp. 15-17
91. Hawkins, ch, 10
92. Butler, pp. 174, 295, ch. 12
93. Jebb, pp. 193-6, and passim
94. Hawkins, p. 261
95. E. P. Hennock, 'Poverty and social theory: the experience of the 1880s', Social Hist., i (1976), pp. 78-9
96. Alfred Marshall, Official Papers, ed. J. M. Keynes (1926), evidence to the Royal Commission on the Aged Poor, pp. 210, 231-4, 245-6, and passim
97. Harrison, pp. 51-2
98. Jebb, p. 132
99. Butler, pp. 185-6
100. Hawkins, p. 305
101. Jebb, pp. 80-1
102. F. D'Aeth, 'Liverpool', in Bosanquet, Social Conditions, pp. 40-2
103. Rackham, pp. 29-30
104. H. Kerr, 'Edinburgh', in Bosanquet, Social Conditions, p. 53
105. E. H. Kelly, 'Portsmouth', in Bosanquet, Social Conditions, p. 9
106. Kerr, p. 50
107. M. C. Tree, 'Worcester', in Bosanquet, Social Conditions, p. 21
108. L, V. Shairp, 'Leeds', in Bosanquet, Social Conditions, p. 79
109. Rackham, pp. 30-1
110. Shairp, pp. 75-6
111. Kelly, p. 10
112. D'Aeth, p. 38
113. Bosanquet, Social Conditions, pp. ii-iii
114. Laybourn, p. 13
115. Kidd, pp. 99-100
116. Prochaska, pp. 25-6
117. Jebb, pp. 268-9
118. Cambridge Independent Press, 11 Jan. 1907, p. 4
119. Oxford Times, 17 Aug. 1912, p. 12
120. Norwich Mercury, 25 June 1910, p. 6
121. Norfolk Chronicle and Norwich Gazette, 9 Apr. 1901, p. 10; 24 Dec. 1910, pp. 4, 5
122. People's Weekly Journal, 16 July 1910, p. 5
123. Jebb, pp. 5-11