Expulsion and exclusion in the community rule and the Damascus Document

Dead Sea Discoveries

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 44-74

  Shemesh, Aharon ^a  

^a BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61949318450     PISSN: 09290761     EISSN: 15685179     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156851702320115733     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. See Ch. Hempel, The Laws of the Damascus Document (STDJ 29; Leiden: Brill, 1998) 183-85
2. J.M. Baumgarten, "Corrigenda to the 4Q MSS of the Damascus Document," RevQ 19 (1999) 219-23
3. H. Stegemann, "Towards Physical Reconstruction of the Qumran Damascus Scrolls," The Damascus Document: A Centennial of Discovery (eds J.M. Baumgarten, E.G. Chazon, and A. Pinnick; STDJ 34; Leiden: Brill, 2000) 177-200
4. See J.M. Baumgarten, "The Cave 4 Version of the Qumran Penal Code," JJS 43 (1992) 268-76 [hereafter: Baumgarten, "Penal Code"]
5. idem, Qumran Cave 4.XIII: The Damascus Document (DJD 18; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996) 7-9
6. idem, Laws, 141-48
7. and L.H. Schiffman, Halakhah, Custom and Messianism in the Dead Sea Sect (Heb.) (Jerusalem: Merkaz Shazar, 1993)
8. Heb. On this substitute for the divine name see J.M. Baumgarten, "A New Qumran Substitute for the Divine Name and Mishnah Sukkah 4:5," JQR 83 (1992) 1-5
9. M. Kister, "On a New Fragment of the Damascus Covenant," JQR 83 (1993) 249-52
10. J.M. Baumgarten, JQR 84 (1994) 485-87
11. DJD 18.76
12. Hempel, Laws, 181
13. DJD 18.76, lines 5-8
14. J. Murphy-O'Connor, "A Literary Analysis of Damascus Document XIX, 33-XX, 34," RB 79 (1972) 544-64
15. P.R. Davies, The Damascus Covenant (JSOTSup 25; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1983) 173-97
16. Schiffman, Halakhah, 260-65
17. See Schiffman, Halakhah, 261 n. 149
18. See A. Shemesh, "The Origins of the Laws of Separatism: Qumran Literature and Rabbinic Halacha," RevQ 18 (1997) 223-41
19. The inner contradiction in this law was also pointed out by J. Pouilly, "L'évolution de la législation pénale dans la communauté de Qumran," RB 82 (1975) 532-38
20. "And now hearken to me, all who know righteousness" (1:1); "And now hearken to me, all who enter the covenant" (2:2); "And now, hearken to me, my sons" (2:14)
21. For a detailed analysis of this section, see G. Anderson, "Intentional and Unintentional Sin in the Dead Sea Scrolls," Pomegranates and Golden Bells: Studies in Biblical, Jewish, and Near Eastern Ritual, Law, and Literature in Honor of Jacob Milgrom (eds D.P. Wright, D.N. Freedman, and A. Hurvitz; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1995) 57-63. My reading differs from his only slightly
22. Davies, Damascus Covenant, 76-83
23. A. Shemesh and C. Werman, "Hidden Things and their Revelation," RevQ 18 (1998) 409-27
24. DJD 18.7
25. Heb. M. Kister ("Marginalia Qumranica" [Heb.], Tarbiz 57 [1988] 324-25) has shown that the original reading was, so that the word resulted from the combination of the words and. The sentence = "If his conduct is perfect in them," is an alternative version of the words "if he has not sinned again unwittingly etc.," that is, a gloss interpolated in the main text
26. On the centrality of this chapter in the sect's theology and its understanding in the DSS, see Anderson, "Intentional and Unintentional Sin,"
27. and idem, "The Interpretation of the Purification Offering in the Temple Scroll and Rabbinic Literature," JBL 111 (1992) 17-35
28. J.M. Baumgarten, "Sacrifice and Worship Among the Jewish Sectarians of the Dead Sea Scrolls," Studies in Qumran Law (SJLA 24; Leiden: Brill, 1977) 39-56
29. "The Essenes and the Temple," Studies in Qumran Law, 57-74
30. Perhaps the quote from Joel 2:12, "Turn back to me with all your hearts, and with fasting, weeping, and lamenting," is meant to explain the punishment of reduction of food rations, which is also a kind of "fasting."
31. E. Qimron, "Intentional and Unintentional Offenses," 110
32. Metso is indeed uncertain as to whether the expression "gone away from the presence of the Many" is meant literally or figuratively; see S. Metso, "The Relationship Between the Damascus Document and the Community Rule," The Damascus Document: A Centennial of Discovery, 90 n. 14. However, since this expression determines the distinction between the two cases, I believe that it should definitely be read literally
33. See Licht, Rule Scroll, 165
34. See Baumgarten, "Penal Code," 270
35. M. Kister, "Notes on Some New Texts from Qumran," JJS 44 (1993) 280-81
36. A. Shemesh, "4Q271.3: A Key to Sectarian Matrimonial Law," JJS 69 (1998) 250 n. 21
37. Limits of the Religious Community, 59
38. Murphy-O'Connor, "Literary Analysis"
39. Pouilly, "L'évolution de la législation pénale," 526-32
40. Metso, Textual Development, 72
41. Rule Scroll, 185