Why do young adult smokers continue to smoke despite the health risks? A focus group study

Psychology and Health

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 203-220

  Gough, Brendan ^a   Fry, Gary ^a   Grogan, Sarah ^b   Conner, Mark ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^b STAFFORDSHIRE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Discourse; Qualitative; Rationality; Smoking; Young adults

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MALE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SMOKING; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADOLESCENT; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; ENGLAND; FEMALE; FOCUS GROUPS; HUMANS; MALE; SMOKING; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 61949217502     PISSN: 08870446     EISSN: 14768321     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08870440701670570     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Armitage, C.J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471-499.
2. ASH (2006). Factsheet no:1: Smoking statistics: Who smokes and how much, http://www.ash.org.uk/
3. Aveyard, P., Markham, W.A., & Cheng, K.K. (2003). A methodological and substantive review of the evidence that schools cause pupils to smoke. Social Science and Medicine, 58(11), 2253-2265.
4. Bancroft, A., Wiltshire, S., Amos, A., & Parry, O. (2003). 'It's like an addiction first thing - afterwards it's like a habit': Daily smoking behaviour among people living in areas of deprivation. Social Science and Medicine, 56(3), 1261-1267.
5. Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. Psychologist, 37, 747-755.
6. Benford, R., & Gough, B. (In press) Accounting for 'unhealthy' practices: A discourse analysis of chocolate 'addicts' talk. Journal of Health Psychology, 11(3), 427-441.
7. Bordo, S.R. (1993). Unbearable weight. Feminism, culture, and the body. Berkeley: University of California Press.
8. Boreham, R., & Shaw, A. (Eds.) (2001). Smoking, drinking and drug use among young people in England in 2000. London: HMSO.
9. Burman, E. (1994). Deconstructing Developmental Psychology. London: Routledge.
10. Centre for Disease Control & Prevention (2003). Tobacco use among middle and high-school students- United States 2002. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 52, 1096-1098.
11. Collins, P., Maguire, M., & O'Dell, L. (2002). Smokers' representations of their own smoking: A Q-methodological study. Journal of Health Psychology, 7, 641-652.
12. Conner, M., Sandberg, T., McMillan, B., & Higgins, A. (2006). Role of anticipated regret in adolescent smoking initiation. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11, 85-101.
13. Conner, M., & Sparks, P. (1996). The theory of planned behaviour and health behaviours. In M. Conner, & P. Norman (Eds.), Predicting health behaviour (pp. 121-162). Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
14. Crossley, M.L. (2000). Rethinking health psychology. Buckingham: Open University Press.
15. Department of Health (2005). Action on smoking and health (ASH). Fact sheet number 3: Young people and smoking.
16. Dickerson, P. (1997). 'It's not just me who's saying this...': The deployment of cited others in televised political discourse. British Journal of Social Psychology, 36, 33-48.
17. Doll, R., & Peto, R. (1981). The causes of cancer. New York: Oxford University Press.
18. Edwards, D., Ashmore, M., & Potter, J. (1995). Death and furniture - the rhetoric, politics and theology of bottom line arguments against relativism. History of the Human Sciences, 8(2), 25-49.
19. Fry, G., Grogan, S., Gough, B., & Conner, M. (submitted). Smoking in the lived world: How young people make sense of the social role cigarettes play in their lives. British Journal of Social Psychology.
20. Gillies, V., & Willig, C. (1997). 'You get the nicotine and that in your blood' - constructions of addiction and control in womens' accounts of cigarette smoking. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 7, 285-301.
21. Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. New York: Aldine.
22. Goddard, E., & Higgins, V. (1999). Smoking, drinking and drug use among young teenagers in 1998 (Vol. 1), London: Stationery Office.
23. Graham, H. (1993). When life's a drag: Women, smoking and disadvantage. London: HMSO.
24. Grogan, S., Conner, M.T., Fry, G., Gough, B., & Higgins (Submitted). Gender differences in smoking: A longitudinal study of beliefs predicting smoking in 11-14 year olds. Journal of Health Psychology.
25. Grogan, S., Fry, G., Gough B., & Conner, M.T. (Submitted). Appearance concerns and smoking in young women and men: Or smoking to stay thin or giving up to save face? Journal of Health Psychology.
26. Heary, C.M., & Hennessey, E. (2002). The use of focus group interviews in pediatric health care research. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 27(1), 47-57.
27. Jefferson, G. (1990). List construction as a task and resource. In G. Psathas (Ed.), Interaction competence). Washington, DC: University Press of America.
28. Johnson, P.B., Boles, S.M., Vaughan, R., & Kleber, H.D. (2000). The co-occurrence of smoking and binge drinking in adolescence. Addictive behaviours, 25(5), 779-783.
29. Laurier, E. (1999). Talking about cigarettes: Conversational narratives of health and illness. Health, 3(2), 189-207.
30. Lupton, D. (1994). Medicine as culture: Illness, disease and the body in western societies. London: Sage.
31. McCool, J.P., Cameron, L.D., & Pétrie, K.J. (2003). Interpretations of smoking in film by older teenagers. Social Science and Medicine, 56(5), 1032-1032.
32. McMillan, B., Conner, M., & Higgins, A. (2005). Using an extended theory of planned behaviour to understand smoking amongst school children. Addiction Research & Theory, 13, 293-306.
33. Murray, M. (2004) (Ed.) Critical health psychology. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
34. Odets, W. (1995). In the shadow of the epidemic: Being HIV negative in the age of AIDS. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
35. Ogden, J., & Nicoll, M. (1997). Risk and protective factors: An integration of the epidemiological and psychological approaches to adolescent smoking. Addiction Research, 5, 367-378.
36. Parry, O., & Platt, S. (2000). Smokers at risk: Implications of an institutionally bordered risk-reduced environment. Health & Place, 6, 117-123.
37. Pfau, M., & Van Bockern, S. (1994). The persistence of inoculation in conferring resistance to smoking initiation among adolescents. Human Communication Research, 20, 413-430.
38. Plumridge, E.W., Fitzgerald, L.J., & Abel, G.M. (2002). Performing coolness: Smoking refusal and adolescent identities. Health Action Research, 17, 167-179.
39. Pomerantz, A.M. (1986). Extreme case formulations: A new way of legitimating claims. Human Studies, 9, 219-230.
40. Potter, J. (1996). Representing reality: Discourse, rhetoric and social construction. London: Sage.
41. Potter, J., & Hepburn, A. (2005). Qualitative interviews in psychology: Problems and possibilities. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 2(4), 281-309.
42. Potter, J., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Discourse and social psychology: Beyond attitudes and behaviour. London: Sage.
43. Royal College of Physicians (1992). Smoking and the Young. Suffolk: Lavenham Press.
44. Rugkasa, J., Knox, B., Sittlington, J., Kennedy, O., Tracy, M., & Santos-Abaunza, P. (2001). Anxious adults vs. cool children: Children's views on smoking and addiction. Social Science and Medicine, 53, 593-602.
45. Stewart-Knox, B.J., Sittlington, J., Rugkasa, J., Harrisson, S., Treacy, M., & Santos Abaunza, P. (2005). Smoking and peer groups: Results from a longitudinal study of young people in Northern Ireland. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 397-414.
46. Weinstein, N. (1984). Why it won't happen to me: Perceptions of risk factors and susceptibility. Health Psychology, 3, 431-457.
47. Wetherell, M. (1998). Positioning and interpretative repertoires: Conversation analysis and post-structuralism, in dialogue. Discourse & Society, 9, 387-412.
48. Widdicombe, S., & Woofitt, R. (1995). The language of youth subcultures: Social identity in action. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
49. Wilkinson, S. (2003). Focus groups. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. London: Sage.
50. Willig, C. (2000). A discourse-dynamic approach to the study of subjectivity in health psychology. Theory & Psychology, 10(4), 547-570.