Another chapter in the history of Scholia

Classical Quarterly

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 269-288

  McNamee, Kathleen ^a  

^a WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 61949091277     PISSN: 00098388     EISSN: 14716844     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cq/48.1.269     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. P. Collinet, Histoire de l'école de droit de Beyrouth (Paris, 1925) (hereafter 'Collinet')
2. Reviewed critically, updated, and mainly upheld by L. Wenger, Die Quellen des römische Rechts (Vienna, 1953), esp. pp. 619-32
3. Collinet, pp. 16-20, canvasses and rejects arguments for an Augustan or a Hadrianic foundation; he settles on the early third century or the late second as the time the school was established. Whether there was a single institution or more than one is open to question. For the earlier period of legal studies at Beirut, Fergus Millar opts for the latter: 'It is essential to stress that all our evidence up to the fourth century does indeed present the teaching and learning of Roman law as an aspect of the "rather more Roman" city that Berytus was; and that we should speak of "law schools" rather than of "the Law School".' 'The Roman colonies of the Near East. A study of cultural relations', in H. Solin and M. Kajava (edd.), Roman Eastern Policy and Other Studies (Helsinki, 1990), pp. 7-58, at p. 23
4. Gregory Thaumaturgus, orat. panegyr. ad Origenem 5.62, H. Crouzel (ed.), qRemerciement à Origène, suivi de la lettre d'Origène à Grégoire (Paris, 1969)
5. 2 1851)
6. On legal studies at Rome see D. Liebs, Die Jurisprudenz im spätantiken Italien (260-640 n. Chr.) (Berlin, 1987)
7. H. J. Scheltema, L'enseignement de droit des antécesseurs (Leiden, 1970) (hereafter 'Scheltema, L'enseignement'), p. 3
8. The Digest of Justinian, T. Mommsen, P. Krueger (edd.), English tr. by Alan Watson (Philadelphia, 1985)
9. Scheltema, L'enseignement, p. 16, lists possible explanations for the contradiction, none satisfactory to him: the threat was an empty threat; it was revoked at once but we have no notice of the revocation; 'interpretatio' carried a meaning different from what we understand as 'commentary'. Matheeussen (below, n. 21) has proposed that the prohibition applied only to the official copies of the Digest prepared for each of the three recipient cities. Honoré (ZSS 110 [1993], 766-7) offers a simple solution; namely, that this impractical and almost unenforceable restriction was simply allowed, quietly, to lapse almost as soon as it was promulgated. It was omitted from the publication in 534 of Cordi
10. Thalelaeus: RE 9 (1934), cols. 1208-10
11. H. J. Scheltema, N. van der Wal et al. (edd.), Basilicorum libri LX (Groningen, 1953-85)
12. See also Strabo, Geog. 16.2.19 (756), with the discussion of Millar, 'The Roman Colonies' (above, n. 2), pp. 7-58, esp. p. 12
13. See also Millar, The Roman Near East 31 B.C-A.D. 337 (Cambridge, Mass., 1993), esp. pp. 279-85 and 527-8
14. J. H. W. G. Liebeschuetz, Antioch: City and Imperial Administration in the Later Roman Empire (Oxford, 1972), p. 246
15. The scholars who most frequently provide these references are Thalelaeus, Theodore, and Stephanus: Collinet, pp. 243ff.; RE s.v. Thalelaeus (above, n. 10)
16. But it since has been lost. J. Baviera, J. Furlani (edd.), FIRA pars altera (Florence, 1940), pp. 637-52
17. 2 2958, pre-Justinian: 5th cent.?, E. G. Turner, The Typology of the Early Codex (Philadelphia, 1976), p. 126
18. K. McNamee, 'An innovation in annotated codices', Proceedings of the XXI International Congress of Papyrology, Berlin (August 1995), forthcoming
19. Martin Irvine, The Making of Textual Culture (Cambridge, 1994), p. 385, draws attention to the regularity in the apportionment of space in medieval manuscripts: 'The page was typically ruled in three unequal columns, a large central column for main text and two outer columns or margins of varying width for glosses [i.e. scholia]' (emphasis added)
20. C. H. Roberts and T. C. Skeat, Birth of the Codex (Oxford, 1987), p. 37
21. For an earlier, but still useful, study of the relative frequency of rolls and codices, see W. H. Willis, 'A census of literary papyri', GRBS 9 (1968), 220
22. Willis's material is updated, for codices, by E. G. Turner, The Birth of the Codex (Philadelphia, 1977), pp. 102-34
23. H. Riad, A. el-Kadr Selim, L. Koenen, The Cairo Codex of Menander (PCairJ 43227) (London, 1978)
24. 2 1301, second half of the fifth century (G. Cavallo and H. Maehler, Greek Bookhands of the Early Byzantine Period: a.d. 300-800 [BICS Suppl. 47, 1987], pl. 16b)
25. 2 1356, 6th cent.)
26. G. Cavallo and H. Maehler, Greek Bookhands (above, n. 36)
27. Cf. B. Bischoff, Latin Palaeography, tr. Dáibhi Ó Cróinín and David Ganz (Cambridge, 990), p. 74, speaking of the 'older (eastern) half-uncial' manifest in a set of Latin manuscripts of he third to fifth centuries, mainly from Egypt: 'Given the very considerable component of legal exts transmitted in this kind of writing, the Latin law school of Berytos (Beirut) probably played role, if not already in its formation then certainly in its use from the third to the fifth century.'
28. Zacharias the Scholastic describes how Severus, for example, who began law studies at Beirut in 486 or 487, systematically added comments to the margins of his books: Zacharias Scholasticus, Vita Seven 25, M. A. Kugener (ed.), Patrologia Orientalis II fasc. 1 (Paris, 1903), pp. 52ff
29. In any case, the new and careful format is in keeping with the obsession of the Roman administration to avoid alteration to the original text: J.-L. Mourgues, 'Ecrire en deux langues. Bilinguisme et pratique de chancellerie sous le haut-empire remain', Dialogues d' histoire ancienne 21 (1995), 124
30. Didymus, at the time of Augustus, produced commentaries on Greek poetry which collected excerpts from the works of his Alexandrian predecessors: R. Pfeiffer, A History of Classical Scholarship i (Oxford, 1968), p. 273
31. On the evidence for compilation in its marginalia, see K. McNamee, 'Missing links in the development of scholia', GRBS 36 (1995), 399-414
32. G. Zuntz, An Inquiry into the Transmission of the Plays of Euripides (Cambridge, 1965), pp. 272-5
33. N. G. Wilson, 'A chapter in the history of annotation', CQ n.s. 17 (1967), 244-56, esp. 252-4
34. Zuntz, An Inquiry (above, n. 51), p. 274n.
35. 2 (Berlin, 1975), Nachwort
36. cites R. Devréesse, Dictionnaire de la Bible, 'Chaînes', (Paris, 1907-)
37. B. Altaner, Patrology, tr. H. Graef (Freiburg, 1960), pp. 622-3
38. O. Bardenhewer, Geschichte der altchristlichen Lileratur 4 (Freiburg, 1924), p. 13
39. N. G. Wilson, CQ (above, n. 52), with the argument developed in Scholars of Byzantium (Baltimore, 1983), pp. 31-3
40. and 'The relation of text and commentary in Greek books', in C. Questa and R. Raffaelli (edd.), Il Libro e il Testo (Urbino, 1984), pp. 105-110
41. W. K. Boyd, The Ecclesiastical Edicts of the Theodosian Code (New York, 1905, repr. 1969)
42. in a manuscript of Canon Law: MS. Laud. Gr. 39 (X; N. G. Wilson, Mediaeval Greek Bookhands [Cambridge, Mass., 1973], pl. 18)
43. In a manuscript of Photius's letters it introduces a marginal note in Letter 8 that refers to Thucydides and Demosthenes: Ms. Barocci 217 (IX; Wilson, Mediaeval Greek Bookhands [above, n. 59], pl. 15). It also appears relatively frequently in the later scholia to Aristophanes