The integration of chemoradiation in the care of patient with localized pancreatic cancer

Cancer/Radiotherapie

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 123-143

  Crane, C H ^a   Varadhachary, G ^b   Settle, S H ^a   Fleming, J B ^b   Evans, D B ^b   Wolff, R A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Chemoradiation; Pancreatic cancer

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; BEVACIZUMAB; CAPECITABINE; CETUXIMAB; CISPLATIN; ERLOTINIB; FLUOROURACIL; FOLINIC ACID; GEFITINIB; GEMCITABINE; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; OXALIPLATIN; PACLITAXEL;

BLOOD TOXICITY; CANCER ADJUVANT THERAPY; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RECURRENCE; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; CYBERKNIFE; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM PERFORATION; DRUG DOSE ESCALATION; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; HAND FOOT SYNDROME; HUMAN; MULTIPLE CYCLE TREATMENT; NAUSEA AND VOMITING; PANCREAS CANCER; PATIENT SELECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; SHORT SURVEY;

ANTIMETABOLITES, ANTINEOPLASTIC; BIOPSY, FINE-NEEDLE; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; DEOXYCYTIDINE; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FLUOROURACIL; HUMANS; PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS;

EID: 61849115176     PISSN: 12783218     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2008.11.008     Document Type: Short Survey

References (96)

1. AJCC, Exocrine pancreas. In: Greene F, Page D, Irvin D, Fritz A, Balch C, Haller D, et al. (Eds.), AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. New York: Springer; 2002, p. 157-64.
2. Andersson M., Kostic S., Johansson M., Lundell L., Asztely M., and Hellstrom M. MRI combined with MR cholangiopancreatography versus helical CT in the evaluation of patients with suspected periampullary tumors: a prospective comparative study. Acta Radiol 46 (2005) 16-27
3. Anon. Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. Further evidence of effective adjuvant combined radiation and chemotherapy following curative resection of pancreatic cancer. Cancer 1987;59:2006-10.
4. Anon. The Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. A multi-institutional comparative trial of radiation therapy alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil for locally unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. Ann Surg 1979;189:205-8.
5. Anon. Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. Radiation therapy combined with Adriamycin or 5-fluorouracil for the treatment of locally unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer 1985;56:2563-8.
6. Anon. Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. Treatment of locally unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas: comparison of combined-modality therapy (chemotherapy plus radiotherapy) to chemotherapy alone. J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:751-5.
7. Arnoletti J.P., Hoffman J.P., Ross E.A., Kagan S.A., Meropol N.J., Freedman G., et al. Preoperative chemoradiation in the management of adenocarcinoma of the body of the pancreas. Am Surg 68 (2002) 330-335 (discussion 335-6)
8. Balter J.M., Lam K.L., McGinn C.J., Lawrence T.S., and Ten Haken R.K. Improvement of CT-based treatment-planning models of abdominal targets using static exhale imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 41 (1998) 939-943
9. Ben-Josef E., Shields A., Vaishampayan U., Vaitkevicius V., El-Rayes B., McDermott P., et al. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and concurrent capecitabine for pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 59 (2004) 454-459
10. Blackstock A.W., Bernard S.A., Richards F., Eagle K.S., Case L.D., Poole M.E., et al. Phase I trial of twice-weekly gemcitabine and concurrent radiation in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 17 (1999) 2208-2212
11. Blackstock A.W., Tepper J.E., Niedwiecki D., Hollis D.R., Mayer R.J., and Tempero M.A. Cancer and leukemia group B (CALGB)-89805: phase II chemoradiation trial using gemcitabine in patients with locoregional adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Int J Gastrointest Cancer 34 (2003) 107-116
12. Breslin T.M., Hess K.R., Harbison D.B., Jean M.E., Cleary K.R., Dackiw A.P., et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: treatment variables and survival duration. Ann Surg Oncol 8 (2001) 123-132
13. Brunner T.B., Grabenbauer G.G., Klein P., Baum U., Papadopoulos T., Bautz W., et al. Phase I trial of strictly time-scheduled gemcitabine and cisplatin with concurrent radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 55 (2003) 144-153
14. Burris III H.A., Moore M.J., Andersen J., Green M.R., Rothenberg M.L., Modiano M.R., et al. Improvements in survival and clinical benefit with gemcitabine as first-line therapy for patients with advanced pancreas cancer: a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 15 (1997) 2403-2413
15. Bussels B., Goethals L., Feron M., Bielen D., Dymarkowski S., Suetens P., et al. Respiration-induced movement of the upper abdominal organs: a pitfall for the three-dimensional conformal radiation treatment of pancreatic cancer. Radiother Oncol 68 (2003) 69-74
16. Cartwright T.H., Cohn A., Varkey J.A., Chen Y.M., Szatrowski T.P., Cox J.V., et al. Phase II study of oral capecitabine in patients with advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 20 (2002) 160-164
17. Chauffert B., Mornex F., Bonnetain F., Triboulet J., Bouche O., Rougier P., et al. Phase I/III trial comparing initial chemoradiotherapy (intermittent cisplatin and infusional 5-FU) followed by gemcitabine vs. gemcitabine alone in patients with locally advanced non-metastatic pancreatic cancer: A FFCD-SFRO study. ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. J Clin Oncol 24 (2006) 4008
18. Crane C.H., Abbruzzese J.L., Evans D.B., Wolff R.A., Ballo M.T., Delclos M., et al. Is the therapeutic index better with gemcitabine-based chemoradiation than with 5-fluorouracil-based chemoradiation in locally advanced pancreatic cancer?. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 52 (2002) 1293-1302
19. Crane C.H., Ellis L.M., Abbruzzese J.L., Amos C., Xiong H.Q., Ho L., et al. Phase I trial evaluating the safety of bevacizumab with concurrent radiotherapy and capecitabine in locally advanced pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 24 (2006) 1145-1151
20. Crane C.H., Varadhachary G., Wolff R.A., Pisters P.W., Evans D.B., Crane C.H., et al. The argument for pre-operative chemoradiation for localized, radiographically resectable pancreatic cancer. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 20 (2006) 365-382
21. Crane C.H., Winter K., Regine W., Safran H., Rich T., Curran W., et al. A phase II study of bevacizumab with concurrent capecitabine and radiation followed by maintenance gemcitabine and bevacizumab for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 69 (2007) S77 (abstract no. 136)
22. Crane C.H., Wolff R.A., Abbruzzese J.L., Evans D.B., Milas L., Mason K., et al. Combining gemcitabine with radiation in pancreatic cancer: understanding important variables influencing the therapeutic index. Sem Oncol 28 (2001) 25-33
23. Duffy A., Kortmansky J., Schwartz G.K., Capanu M., Puleio S., Minsky B., et al. A phase I study of erlotinib in combination with gemcitabine and radiation in locally advanced, non-operable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Ann Oncol 19 (2008) 86-91
24. Earle CC, Agboola O, Maroun J, et al. The treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a practice guideline. Can J Gastroenterol 2003;17:161.
25. Evans D.B., Lee J.H., and Crane C.H. Authors response regarding letter to the editor concerning: Mullen JT, et al. Pancreaticoduodenectomy after placement of endobiliary metal stents. J Gastrointest Surg 7 (2006) 1096-1097
26. Evans D.B., Rich T.A., Byrd D.R., Cleary K.R., Connelly J.H., and Levin B. DB Preoperative chemoradiation and pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Arch Surg 127 (1991) 1335-1339
27. Evans D.B., Varadhachary G.R., Crane C.H., Sun C.C., Lee J.E., Pisters P.W.T., et al. Preoperative gemcitabine-based chemoradiation for patients with resectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head. J Clin Oncol 26 (2008) 3496-3502
28. Ferrari Jr. A.P., Lichtenstein D.R., Slivka A., Chang C., and Carr-Locke D.L. Brush cytology during ERCP for the diagnosis of biliary and pancreatic malignancies. Gastrointest Endosc 40 (1994) 140-145 (see comment)
29. Fleming ID. American Joint Committee on Cancer, American Cancer Society, American College of Surgeons, AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, vol. 15. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1997, 294 p.
30. Garofalo M.C., Regine W.F., Tan M.T., Garofalo M.C., Regine W.F., and Tan M.T. On statistical reanalysis, the EORTC trial is a positive trial for adjuvant chemoradiation in pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg 244 (2006) 332-333 (author reply 333) (see comment)
31. Garton G.R., Gunderson L.L., Nagorney D.M., Donohue J.H., Martin J.K., McIlrath D.C., et al. High-dose preoperative external beam and intraoperative irradiation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 27 (1993) 1153-1157
32. Gorski D.H., Beckett M.A., Jaskowiak N.T., Calvin D.P., Mauceri H.J., Salloum R.M., et al. Blockage of the vascular endothelial growth factor stress response increases the antitumor effects of ionizing radiation. Cancer Res 59 (1999) 3374-3378
33. Gunderson L.L., Martin J.K., Kvols L.K., Nagorney D.M., Fieck J.M., Wieand H.S., et al. Intraoperative and external beam irradiation +/- 5-FU for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 13 (1987) 319-329
34. Hoffman J.P., Lipsitz S., Pisansky T., Weese J.L., Solin L., and Benson III A.B. Phase II trial of preoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy for patients with localized, resectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol 16 (1998) 317-323
35. Iannitti D.D., Dipetrillo T.D., Akerman P.D., Barnett J.D., Maia-Acuna C.N., Cruff D.D., et al. Erlotinib and chemoradiation followed by maintenance erlotinib for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a phase I study. Am J Clin Oncol 28 (2005) 570-575
36. Ichikawa T., Haradome H., Hachiya J., Nitatori T., Ohtomo K., Kinoshita T., et al. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: preoperative assessment with helical CT versus dynamic MR imaging. Radiology 202 (1997) 655-662
37. Jaffee E.M., Hruban R.H., Biedrzycki B., Laheru D., Schepers K., Sauter P.R., et al. Novel allogeneic granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor secreting tumor vaccine for pancreatic cancer: a phase I trial of safety and immune activation. J Clin Oncol 19 (2001) 145-156
38. Jain R.K. Normalization of tumor vasculature: an emerging concept in antiangiogenic therapy. Science 307 (2005) 58-62
39. Kalser M.H., and Ellenberg S.S. Pancreatic cancer. Adjuvant combined radiation and chemotherapy following curative resection. Arch Surg 120 (1985) 899-903 [published erratum appears in Arch Surg 1986;121(9):1045]
40. Kapiteijn E., Marijnen C.A., Nagtegaal I.D., Putter H., Steup W.H., Wiggers T., et al. Dutch colorectal cancer, preoperative radiotherapy combined with total mesorectal excision for resectable rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 345 (2001) 638-646
41. Katz M.G., Pisters P.T., Evans D.B., Sun C.C., Lee J.E., Fleming J.B., et al. Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: the importance of this emerging stage of disease. J Am Coll Surg 206 (2008) 833-846
42. Kindler H.L., Niedzwiecki D., Hollis D.R., Oraefo E., Schrag D., Hurwitz H., et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase III trial of gemcitabine (G) plus bevacizumab (B) versus gemcitabine plus placebo (P) in patients (pts) with advanced pancreatic cancer (PC): a preliminary analysis of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB)-80303. J Clin Oncol 26 (2007) A108
43. Klaassen D.J., MacIntyre J.M., Catton G.E., Engstrom P.F., and Moertel C.G. Treatment of locally unresectable cancer of the stomach and pancreas: a randomized comparison of 5-fluorouracil alone with radiation plus concurrent and maintenance 5-fluorouracil - an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 3 (1985) 373-378
44. Klinkenbijl J.H., Jeekel J., Sahmoud T., van Pel R., Couvreur M.L., Veenhof C.H., et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy and 5-fluorouracil after curative resection of cancer of the pancreas and periampullary region: phase III trial of the EORTC gastrointestinal tract cancer cooperative group. Ann Surg 230 (1999) 776-782 (discussion 774-82)
45. Ko A.H., Quivey J.M., Venook A.P., Bergsland E.K., Dito E., Schillinger B., et al. A phase II study of fixed-dose rate gemcitabine plus low-dose cisplatin followed by consolidative chemoradiation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 68 (2007) 809-816
46. Koong A.C., Christofferson E., Le Q.-T., Goodman K.A., Ho A., Kuo T., et al. Phase II study to assess the efficacy of conventionally fractionated radiotherapy followed by a stereotactic radiosurgery boost in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63 (2005) 320-323
47. Koong A.C., Le Q.T., Ho A., Fong B., Fisher G., Cho C., et al. Phase I study of stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 58 (2004) 1017-1021
48. Krishnan S., Rana V., Janjan N.A., Varadhachary G.R., Abbruzzese J.L., Das P., et al. Induction chemotherapy selects patients with locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer for optimal benefit from consolidative chemoradiation therapy. Cancer 110 (2007) 47-55
49. Krook J.E., Moertel C.G., Gunderson L.L., Wieand H.S., Collins R.T., Beart R.W., et al. Effective surgical adjuvant therapy for high-risk rectal carcinoma. N Engl J Med 324 (1991) 709-715 (see comment)
50. Kuhlmann K.F., de Castro S.M., Wesseling J.G., ten Kate F.J., Offerhaus G.J., Busch O.R., et al. Surgical treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma; actual survival and prognostic factors in 343 patients. Eur J Cancer 40 (2004) 549-558
51. Laheru D., Yeo C.J., Biedrzycki B., et al. A safety and efficacy trial of lethally irradiated allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells transfected with the GM-CSF gene in combination with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. J Clin Oncol 25 (2007) 3010
52. Li C.P., Chao Y., Chi K.H., Chan W.K., Teng H.C., Lee R.C., et al. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer: gemcitabine versus 5-fluorouracil, a randomized controlled study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 57 (2003) 98-104
53. Loehrer P., Powell M., Cardenes H., Wagner L., Brell J., Ramanathan R., et al., E.C.O. Group. A randomized phase III study of gemcitabine in combination with radiation therapy versus gemcitabine alone in patients with localized, unresectable pancreatic cancer: E4201. J Clin Oncol 26 suppl. (2008) (abstract 4506)
54. Macdonald J.S., Smalley S.R., Benedetti J., Hundahl S.A., Estes N.C., Stemmermann G.N., et al. Chemoradiotherapy after surgery compared with surgery alone for adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction. N Engl J Medicine 345 (2001) 725-730 (see comment)
55. Magnin V., Moutardier V., Giovannini M.-H., Lelong B., Giovannini M., Viret F., et al. Neoadjuvant preoperative chemoradiation in patients with pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 55 (2003) 1300-1304
56. Martenson J.A., Vigliotti A.P.G., Pitot H.C., Geeraerts L.H., Sargent D.J., Haddock M.G., et al. A phase I study of radiation therapy and twice-weekly gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 55 (2003) 1305-1310
57. McGinn C.J., Zalupski M.M., Shureiqi I., Robertson J.M., Eckhauser F.E., Smith D.C., et al. Phase I trial of radiation dose escalation with concurrent weekly full-dose gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 19 (2001) 4202-4208
58. Milano M., Chmura S., Garofalo M., Rash C., Roeske J., Connell P., et al. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy in treatment of pancreatic and bile duct malignancies: toxicity and clinical outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 59 (2004) 445-453
59. Moertel C.G., Childs Jr. D.S., Reitemeier R.J., Colby Jr. M.Y., and Holbrook M.A. Combined 5-fluorouracil and supervoltage radiation therapy of locally unresectable gastrointestinal cancer. Lancet 2 (1969) 865-867
60. Mohiuddin M., Regine W.F., Stevens J., Rosato F., Barbot D., Biermann W., et al. Combined intraoperative radiation and perioperative chemotherapy for unresectable cancers of the pancreas. J Clin Oncol 13 (1995) 2764-2768
61. Morten H., Henrik R., Lisa S., Anders T., Lars O., Jorgen P., et al. Phase-II study on stereotactic radiotherapy of locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Radiother Oncol J Eur Soc Ther Radiol Oncol 76 (2005) 48-53
62. Moutardier V., Giovannini M., Lelong B., Monges G., Bardou V.J., Magnin V., et al. A phase II single institutional experience with preoperative radiochemotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 28 (2002) 531-539
63. Muler J.H., McGinn C.J., Normolle D., Lawrence T., Brown D., Hejna G., et al. Phase I trial using a time-to-event continual reassessment strategy for dose escalation of cisplatin combined with gemcitabine and radiation therapy in pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 22 (2004) 238-243
64. Neoptolemos J.P., Stocken D.D., Friess H., Bassi C., Dunn J.A., Hickey H., et al. A randomized trial of chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy after resection of pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Mede 350 (2004) 1200-1210
65. Nukui Y., Picozzi V.J., and Traverso L.W. Interferon-based adjuvant chemoradiation therapy improves survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg 179 (2000) 367-371
66. Oettle H., Post S., Neuhaus P., Gellert K., Langrehr J., Ridwelski K., et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine vs. observation in patients undergoing curative-intent resection of pancreatic cancer: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 297 (2007) 267-277
67. Pipas J.M., Mitchell S.E., Barth R.J., Vera-Gimon R., Meyer J.L.P., Rathman J., et al. Phase I study of twice-weekly gemcitabine and concomitant external-beam radiotherapy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 50 (2001) 1317-1322
68. Pisters P., Wolff R., Janjan N., Cleary K., Charnsangavej C., Crane C., et al. Preoperative paclitaxel and concurrent rapid-fractionation radiation for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: toxicities, histologic response rates, and event-free outcome. J Clin Oncol 20 (2002) 2537-2544
69. Pisters P.W., Abbruzzese J.L., Janjan N.A., Cleary K.R., Charnsangavej C., Goswitz M.S., et al. Rapid-fractionation preoperative chemoradiation, pancreaticoduodenectomy, and intraoperative radiation therapy for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 16 (1998) 3843-3850
70. Pisters P.W.T., Hudec W.A., Hess K.R., Lee J., Vauthey J., Lahoti S., et al. Effect of preoperative biliary decompression on pancreaticoduodenectomy-associated morbidity in 300 consecutive patients. Ann Surg 234 (2001) 47-55
71. Pisters P.W.T., Wolff R.A., Janjan N.A., Cleary K.R., Charnsangavej C., Crane C.H., et al. Preoperative paclitaxel and concurrent rapid-fractionation radiation for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma: toxicities, histologic response rates, and event-free outcome. J Clin Oncol 20 (2002) 2537-2544
72. Poplin E., Levy D., Berlin J., Rothenberg M., Cella D., Mitchell E., et al. Phase III trial of gemcitabine (30-minute infusion) versus gemcitabine (fixed-dose-rate infusion [FDR]) versus gemcitabine + oxaliplatin(GEMOX) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (E6201). ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. J Clin Oncol 24 (2006) LBA4004
73. Posner M., Chang K., Rosemurgy A., Stephenson J., Khan M., Reid T., et al. Multi-center phase II/III randomized controlled clinical trial using TNFerade combined with chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). 2006 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. J Clin Oncol 25 (2007) 4518
74. Raut C, Grau A, Starkel G, Kaw M, Tamm E, Wolff R, et al., Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in patients with presumed pancreatic cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2003;7:118-28.
75. Regine W.F., Winter K.A., Abrams R.A., Safran H., Hoffman J.P., Konski A., et al. Fluorouracil vs. gemcitabine chemotherapy before and after fluorouracil-based chemoradiation following resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 299 (2008) 1019-1026
76. Rich T.A., Janjan N.A., Abbruzzese J.L., and Evans D.B. (Response) Preoperative and postoperative chemoradiation strategies in patients treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. J Clin Oncol 15 (1997) 3291-3293
77. Richter A., Niedergethmann M., Sturm J.W., Lorenz D., Post S., and Trede M. Long-term results of partial pancreaticoduodenectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head: 25-year experience. World J Surg 27 (2003) 324-329
78. Roldan G.E., Gunderson L.L., Nagorney D.M., Martin J.K., Ilstrup D.M., Holbrook M.A., et al. External beam versus intraoperative and external beam irradiation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancer 61 (1988) 1110-1116
79. Saif M.W., Eloubeidi M.A., Russo S., Steg A., Thornton J., Fiveash J., et al. Phase I study of capecitabine with concomitant radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer: expression analysis of genes related to outcome. J Clin Oncol 23 (2005) 8679-8687
80. Settle S., Crane C., Das P., Varadhachary G., Tamm E., Javle M., et al. Novel use of focal high-dose IMRT for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. Proceedings of the 2008 GI Symposium (2008) (abstract no. 203)
81. Shipley W.U., Tepper J.E., Warshaw A.L., and Orlow E.L. Intraoperative radiation therapy for patients with pancreatic carcinoma. World J Surg 8 (1984) 919-934
82. Small Jr. W., Berlin J., Freedman G.M., Lawrence T., Talamonti M.S., Mulcahy M.F., et al. Full-dose gemcitabine with concurrent radiation therapy in patients with nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer: a multicenter phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 26 (2008) 942-947
83. Sohn T.A., Yeo C.J., Cameron J.L., Koniaris L., Kaushal S., Abrams R.A., et al. Resected adenocarcinoma of the pancreas - 616 patients: results, outcomes, and prognostic indicators. J Gastrointest Surg 4 (2000) 567-579
84. Takai S., Satoi S., Toyokawa H., Yanagimoto H., Sugimoto N., Tsuji K., et al. Clinicopathologic evaluation after resection for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: a retrospective, single-institution experience. Pancreas 26 (2003) 243-249
85. Talamonti M.S., Catalano P.J., Vaughn D.J., Whittington R., Beauchamp R.D., Berlin J., et al. Phase I trial of protracted venous infusion fluorouracil plus weekly gemcitabine with concurrent radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced pancreas cancer: a regimen with unexpected early toxicity. J Clin Oncol 18 (2000) 3384-3389
86. Talamonti M.S., Small Jr. W., Mulcahy M.F., Wayne J.D., Attaluri V., Colletti L.M., et al. A multi-institutional phase II trial of preoperative full-dose gemcitabine and concurrent radiation for patients with potentially resectable pancreatic carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 13 (2006) 150-158 (see comment)
87. Tamm E.P., Silverman P.M., Charnsangavej C., and Evans D.B. Diagnosis, staging, and surveillance of pancreatic cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 180 (2003) 1311-1323
88. Tseng J.F., Raut C.P., Lee J.E., Pisters P.W.T., Vauthey J.N., Abdalla E.K., et al. Pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular resection: margin status and survival duration. J Gastrointest Surg 8 (2004) 935-950
89. Varadhachary G.R., Tamm E.P., Abbruzzese J.L., Xiong H.Q., Crane C.H., Wang H., et al. Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: definitions, management, and role of preoperative therapy. Ann Surg Oncol 13 (2006) 1035-1046 (see comment)
90. Wey J., Fan F., Gray M., Bauer T., McCarty M., Somcio R., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 promotes migration and invasion in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Cancer 104 (2005) 427-438
91. White R.R., Hurwitz H.I., Morse M.A., Lee C., Anscher M.S., Paulson E.K., et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for localized adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Ann Surg Oncol 8 (2001) 758-765 (see comment)
92. White R.R., Paulson E.K., Freed K.S., Keogan M.T., Hurwitz H.I., Lee C., et al. Staging of pancreatic cancer before and after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. J Gastrointest Surg 5 (2001) 626-633
93. Willett C.G., Fernandez del Castillo C., Shih H.A., Goldberg S., Biggs P., Clark J.W., et al. Long-term results of intraoperative electron beam irradiation (IOERT) for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. Ann Surg 241 (2005) 295-299
94. Winter J.M., Cameron J.L., Campbell K.A., Arnold M.A., Chang D.C., Coleman J., et al. 1423 pancreaticoduodenectomies for pancreatic cancer: a single-institution experience. J Gastrointest Surg 10 (2006) 1199-1210 (discussion 1191-210)
95. Wolff R.A., Evans D.B., Crane C.H., Cleary K.A., Lenzi R., Abbruzzese J., et al. Initial results of a preoperative gemcitabine (GEM)-based chemoradiation for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 21 (2002) 130a (abstract)
96. Wolff R.A., Evans D.B., Gravel D.M., Lenzi R., Pisters P.W., Lee J.E., et al. Phase I trial of gemcitabine combined with radiation for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 7 (2001) 2246-2253