Effect of topical alkane vapocoolant spray on pain with intravenous cannulation in patients in emergency departments: Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial

BMJ (Online)

Volumn 338, Issue 7692, 2009, Pages 457-459

  Hijazi, Ramzi ^a   Taylor, David ^a,b   Richardson, Joanna ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b AUSTIN HEALTH   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALKANE DERIVATIVE; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT; PLACEBO; PROPANE PLUS BUTANE PLUS PENTANE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; APPLICATION SITE DISCOMFORT; ARTICLE; CANNULATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRYOANESTHESIA; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MIXTURE; DRUG SAFETY; EMERGENCY WARD; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; LOCAL ANESTHESIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PAIN; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SCORING SYSTEM; SEX DIFFERENCE; SKIN REDNESS; TOPICAL ANESTHESIA; TREATMENT OUTCOME; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VAPOCOOLANT SPRAY; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE;

ADMINISTRATION, TOPICAL; ADULT; AEROSOLS; AGED; ALKANES; ANESTHETICS, LOCAL; CATHETERIZATION; CHILD; CRYOANESTHESIA; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PAIN; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 61849096553     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17561833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b215     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Biro P, Meier T, Cummins AS. Comparison of topical anaesthesia methods for venous cannulation in adults. Eur J Pain 1997;1:37-42.
2. Selby IR, Bowles BJ. Analgesia for venous cannulation: a comparison of EMLA (5 minutes application), lignocaine, ethyl chloride, and nothing. J R Soc Med 1995;88:264-7.
3. Armstrong P, Young C, McKeown D. Ethyl chloride and venepuncture pain: a comparison with intradermal lidocaine. Can J Anaesth 1990;37:656-8.
4. Norris WD. The use of local anaesthesia in peripheral venous cannulation: current practice of junior doctors. J R Nav Med Serv 2002;88:62-4.
5. Todd KH, Funk JP. The minimum clinically important difference in physician-assigned visual analog pain scores. Acad Emerg Med 1996;3:142-6.
6. Young B, Heath JW. Wheater's functional histology. 4th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone, 2002.
7. Habif TP. Clinical dermatology. 4th ed. Edinburgh: Mosby, 2004.
8. Ehrenstrom-Reiz G, Reiz S, Stockman O. Topical anaesthesia with EMLA, a new lidocaine-prilocaine cream and the Cusum technique for detection of minimal application time. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1983;27:510-2.
9. Smith and Nephew Healthcare. Ametop. St Laurent, QC: Smith and Nephew Healthcare, 1996.
10. Sado DM, Deakin CD. Local anaesthesia for venous cannulation and arterial blood gas sampling: are doctors using it? J R Soc Med 2005;98:158-60.
11. Reis EC, Jacobson RM, Tarbell S, Weniger BG.. Taking the sting out of shots: control of vaccination-associated pain and adverse reactions. Pediatr Ann 1998;27:375-86.
12. Hartstein BH, Barry JD. Mitigation of pain during intravenous catheter placement using a topical skin coolant in the emergency department. Emerg Med J 2008;25:257-61.
13. Berthier F, Potel G, Leconte P, Touze M, Baron D. Comparative study of methods ofmeasuring acute pain intensity in an ED. Am J Emerg Med 1998;16:132-6.
14. Rosier EM, Iadarola MJ, Coghill RC. Reproducibility of pain measurement and pain perception. Pain 2002;98:205-16.
15. Kelly AM. Does the clinically significant difference in visual analog scalepain scores vary with gender, age, or cause of pain? Acad Emerg Med 1998;5:1086-90.
16. Kelly AM. The minimum clinically significant difference in visual analogue scale pain score does not differ with severity of pain. Emerg Med J 2001;18:205-7.
17. Todd KH, Funk KG, Funk JP, Bonacci R. Clinical significance of reported changes in pain severity. Ann Emerg Med 1996;27:485-9.
18. Browne J, Awad I, Plant R, McAdoo J, Shorten G. Topical amethocaine (Ametop (TM)) is superior to EMLA for intravenous cannulation. Can J Anaesth 1999;46:1014-8.
19. Bjerring P, Andersen PH, Arendtnielsen L. Vascular response of human skin after analgesia with EMLA cream. Br J Anaesth 1989;63:655-60.
20. Harris T, Cameron PA, Ugoni A. The use of pre-cannulation local anaesthetic and factors affecting pain perception in the emergency department setting. Emerg Med J 2001;18:175-7.