AHA/ACCF/HRS Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram. Part VI: Acute Ischemia/Infarction A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Volumn 53, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 1003-1011

  Wagner, Galen S ^a   Macfarlane, Peter ^a   Wellens, Hein ^a   Josephson, Mark ^a   Gorgels, Anton ^a   Mirvis, David M ^a   Pahlm, Olle ^a   Surawicz, Borys ^a   Kligfield, Paul ^a   Childers, Rory ^a   Gettes, Leonard S ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

ACCF Expert Consensus Documents; electrocardiography; electrophysiology; infarction; ischemia

Indexed keywords

DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; ECG ABNORMALITY; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; EMERGENCY WARD; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HUMAN; MEDICAL SOCIETY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QRS COMPLEX; REVIEW; ST SEGMENT; STANDARDIZATION; T WAVE;

ADULT; CHILD; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HEART CONDUCTION SYSTEM; HUMANS; HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MALE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA; TERMINOLOGY AS TOPIC;

EID: 61649119218     PISSN: 07351097     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.016     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Kligfield P., Gettes L.S., Bailey J.J., et al. Recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part I: the electrocardiogram and its technology: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 49 (2007) 1109-1127
2. Kléber A.G., Janse M.J., van Capelle F.J., and Durrer D. Mechanism and time course of S-T and T-Q segment changes during acute regional myocardial ischemia in the pig heart determined by extracellular and intracellular recordings. Circ Res 42 (1978) 603-613
3. Surawicz S., and Saito S. Exercise testing for detection of myocardial ischemia in patients with abnormal electrocardiograms at rest. Am J Cardiol 41 (1978) 943-951
4. Myocardial infarction redefined: a consensus document of the Joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Committee for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction. Eur Heart J 21 (2000) 1502-1513
5. Birnbaum Y., Herz I., Sclarovsky S., et al. Prognostic significance of the admission electrocardiogram in acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 27 (1996) 1128-1132
6. Bayés de Luna A., Cino J.M., Pujadas S., et al. Concordance of electrocardiographic patterns and healed myocardial infarction detected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Am J Cardiol 97 (2006) 443-451
7. Surawicz B., and Knilans T. Chou's Electrocardiography in Clinical Practice. 5th edition (2001), WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA
8. Macfarlane P.W. Age, sex, and the ST amplitude in health and disease. J Electrocardiol 34 Suppl (2001) 235-241
9. Macfarlane P.W., Browne D., Devine B., et al. Modification of ACC/ESC criteria for acute myocardial infarction. J Electrocardiol 37 Suppl (2004) 98-103
10. Wu J., Kors J.A., Rijnbeek P.R., et al. Normal limits of the electrocardiogram in Chinese subjects. Int J Cardiol 87 (2003) 37-51
11. Surawicz B., and Parikh S.R. Prevalence of male and female patterns of early ventricular repolarization in the normal ECG of males and females from childhood to old age. J Am Coll Cardiol 40 (2002) 1870-1876
12. Macfarlane P.W., Petryka J., and Kaczmarska E. Normal limits of STj in V3R-V6R and V7-V9 (abstr). Eur Heart J 27 Suppl (2006) 918
13. Sgarbossa E.B., Birnbaum Y., and Parrillo J.E. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: current concepts for the clinician. Am Heart J 141 (2001) 507-517
14. Wellens H.J.J., Gorgels A.P.M., and Doevendans P.A. The ECG in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Unstable Angina: Diagnosis and Risk Stratification (2004), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA
15. Birnbaum Y., Sclarovsky S., Solodky A., et al. Prediction of the level of left anterior descending coronary artery obstruction during anterior wall acute myocardial infarction by the admission electrocardiogram. Am J Cardiol 72 (1993) 823-826
16. Engelen D.J., Gorgels A.P., Cheriex E.C., et al. Value of the electrocardiogram in localizing the occlusion site in the left anterior descending coronary artery in acute anterior myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 34 (1999) 389-395
17. Herz I., Assali A.R., Adler Y., et al. New electrocardiographic criteria for predicting either the right or left circumflex artery as the culprit coronary artery in inferior wall acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 80 (1997) 1343-1345
18. Zimetbaum P.J., Krishnan S., Gold A., et al. Usefulness of ST-segment elevation in lead III exceeding that of lead II for identifying the location of the totally occluded coronary artery in inferior wall myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 81 (1998) 918-919
19. Braat S.H., Brugada P., de Zwaan C., et al. Value of electrocardiogram in diagnosing right ventricular involvement in patients with an acute inferior wall myocardial infarction. Br Heart J 49 (1983) 368-372
20. Zalenski R.J., Rydman R.J., Sloan E.P., et al. Value of posterior and right ventricular leads in comparison to the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram in evaluation of ST-segment elevation in suspected acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 79 (1997) 1579-1585
21. Correale E., Battista R., Martone A., et al. Electrocardiographic patterns in acute inferior myocardial infarction with and without right ventricular involvement: classification, diagnostic and prognostic value, masking effect. Clin Cardiol 22 (1999) 37-44
22. Antman E.M., Anbe D.T., Armstrong P.W., et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1999 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction) [published correction appears in J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1376]. J Am Coll Cardiol 44 (2004) 671-719
23. Perloff J.K. The recognition of strictly posterior myocardial infarction by conventional scalar electrocardiography. Circulation 30 (1964) 706-718
24. Horan L.G., Flowers N.C., and Johnson J.C. Significance of the diagnostic Q wave of myocardial infarction. Circulation 43 (1971) 428-436
25. Cerqueira M.D., Weissman N.J., Dilsizian V., et al., American Heart Association Writing Group on Myocardial Segmentation and Registration for Cardiac Imaging. Standardized myocardial segmentation and nomenclature for tomographic imaging of the heart: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Cardiac Imaging Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology of the American Heart Association. Circulation 105 (2002) 539-542
26. Bayés de Luna A., Wagner G., Birnbaum Y., et al., International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiography. A new terminology for left ventricular walls and location of myocardial infarcts that present Q wave based on the standard of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a statement for healthcare professionals from a committee appointed by the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiography. Circulation 114 (2006) 1755-1760
27. Mason J.W., Hancock E.W., Gettes L., et al. Recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part II: electrocardiography diagnostic statement list: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 49 (2007) 1128-1135
28. Bairey C.N., Shah P.K., Lew A.S., and Hulse S. Electrocardiographic differentiation of occlusion of the left circumflex versus the right coronary artery as a cause of inferior acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 60 (1987) 456-469
29. Gorgels A.P., Vos M.A., Mulleneers R., et al. Value of the electrocardiogram in diagnosing the number of severely narrowed coronary arteries in rest angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 72 (1993) 999-1003
30. De Zwaan C., Bär F.W., Gorgels A.P., and Wellens H.J. Unstable angina: are we able to recognize high-risk patients?. Chest 112 (1997) 244-250
31. De Zwaan C., Bär F.W., and Wellens H.J. Characteristic electrocardiographic pattern indicating a critical stenosis high in left anterior descending coronary artery in patients admitted because of impending myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 103 (1982) 730-736
32. Simon K., Hackett D., Szelier A., et al. The natural history of postischemic T-wave inversion: a predictor of poor short-term prognosis?. Coron Artery Dis 5 (1994) 937-942
33. Sgarbossa E.B., Pinski S.L., Barbagelata A., et al., GUSTO-1 (Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries) Investigators. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of evolving acute myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle-branch block [published correction appears in N Engl J Med. 1996;334:931]. N Engl J Med 334 (1996) 481-487
34. Shlipak M.G., Lyons W.L., Go A.S., et al. Should the electrocardiogram be used to guide therapy for patients with left bundle-branch block and suspected myocardial infarction?. JAMA 281 (1999) 714-719
35. Wong C.K., French J.K., Aylward P.E., et al., HERO-2 Investigators. Patients with prolonged ischemic chest pain and presumed-new left bundle branch block have heterogeneous outcomes depending on the presence of ST-segment changes. J Am Coll Cardiol 46 (2005) 29-38
36. Blackburn H., Keys A., Simonson E., et al. The electrocardiogram in population studies: a classification system. Circulation 21 (1960) 1160-1175
37. Pahlm U.S., Chaitman B.R., Rautaharju P.M., et al. Comparison of the various electrocardiographic scoring codes for estimating anatomically documented sizes and single and multiple infarcts of the left ventricle. Am J Cardiol 81 (1998) 809-815
38. Durrer D., van Dam R.T., Freud G.E., et al. Total excitation of the isolated human heart. Circulation 41 (1970) 899-912
39. Startt-Selvester R.H., Wagner G.S., and Ideker R.E. Myocardial infarction. In: Macfarlane P.W., and Lawrie T.D.V. (Eds). Comprehensive Electrocardiology: Theory and Practice in Health Disease (1989), Pergamon Press, New York, NY 565-629
40. Hindman N.B., Schocken D.D., Widmann M., et al. Evaluation of a QRS scoring system for estimating myocardial infarct size, V: specificity and method of application of the complete system. Am J Cardiol 55 (1985) 1485-1490