메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 200-209

Airborne concentrations of volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde and ammonia in Finnish office buildings with suspected indoor air problems

Author keywords

Guidance value; Guideline value; Indoor environment; VOC

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; FORMALDEHYDE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

EID: 61549124420     PISSN: 15459624     EISSN: 15459632     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15459620802707835     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (73)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0345800960 scopus 로고
    • What are typical concentrations of fungi, total volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen dioxide in an office environment
    • Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers
    • Morey, P., and B.A. Jenkins: What are typical concentrations of fungi, total volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen dioxide in an office environment. In The Human Equation: Health and Comfort. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1989. pp. 67–71.
    • (1989) The Human Equation: Health and Comfort , pp. 67-71
    • Morey, P.1    Jenkins, B.A.2
  • 2
    • 0000720556 scopus 로고
    • Total volatile organic concentrations in 2700 personal, indoor, and outdoor samples collected in the USEPA TEAM studies
    • Wallace, L., E.D. Pellizzari, and C. Wendel: Total volatile organic concentrations in 2700 personal, indoor, and outdoor samples collected in the USEPA TEAM studies. Indoor Air 1:465–467 (1991).
    • (1991) Indoor Air , vol.1 , pp. 465-467
    • Wallace, L.1    Pellizzari, E.D.2    Wendel, C.3
  • 3
    • 0000456992 scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of volatile organic compounds in indoor air-a review
    • Brown, S.K., M.R. Sim, M.J. Abramson, and C.N. Gray: Concentrations of volatile organic compounds in indoor air-a review. Indoor Air 4:123–134 (1994).
    • (1994) Indoor Air , vol.4 , pp. 123-134
    • Brown, S.K.1    Sim, M.R.2    Abramson, M.J.3    Gray, C.N.4
  • 4
    • 0000488705 scopus 로고
    • Passive sampling for volatile organic compounds (VOC) in air at environmentally relevant concentration levels
    • Begerow, J., E. Jermann, T. Keles, U. Ranft, and L. Dunemann: Passive sampling for volatile organic compounds (VOC) in air at environmentally relevant concentration levels. Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem. 351:549–554 (1995).
    • (1995) Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem. , vol.351 , pp. 549-554
    • Begerow, J.1    Jermann, E.2    Keles, T.3    Ranft, U.4    Dunemann, L.5
  • 5
    • 3142665981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons among VOCs measured in three types of U.S. Commercial buildings with different occupant densities
    • Shields, H.C., D.M. Fleischer, and C.J. Weschler: Comparisons among VOCs measured in three types of U.S. commercial buildings with different occupant densities. Indoor Air 6:2–17 (1996).
    • (1996) Indoor Air , vol.6 , pp. 2-17
    • Shields, H.C.1    Fleischer, D.M.2    Weschler, C.J.3
  • 6
    • 0001010007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual volatile organic compound prevalence and concentrations in 56 buildings of the building assessment survey and evaluation (BASE) study
    • G. Raw, C. Aizlewood, and P. Warren (eds.), London: Construction Research Communications Ltd.
    • Girman, J.R., G.E. Hadwen, L.E. Burton, S.E. Womble, and J.F. McCarthy: Individual volatile organic compound prevalence and concentrations in 56 buildings of the building assessment survey and evaluation (BASE) study. In Indoor Air 99, G. Raw, C. Aizlewood, and P. Warren (eds.), 2:460–465. London: Construction Research Communications Ltd., 1999.
    • Indoor Air 99 , vol.2 , pp. 460-465
    • Girman, J.R.1    Hadwen, G.E.2    Burton, L.E.3    Womble, S.E.4    McCarthy, J.F.5
  • 7
    • 0141872071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seosonal cycle of VOCs in apartments
    • Rehwagen, M., U. Schlink, and O. Herbart: Seosonal cycle of VOCs in apartments. Indoor Air 13:283–291 (2003).
    • (2003) Indoor Air , vol.13 , pp. 283-291
    • Rehwagen, M.1    Schlink, U.2    Herbart, O.3
  • 8
    • 85011161634 scopus 로고
    • Study of selected volatile organic compounds in office buildings at different stages of occupancy
    • D. Walkinshaw (ed.), Toronto, Canada
    • Baldwin, M.E., and J.-P. Farant: Study of selected volatile organic compounds in office buildings at different stages of occupancy. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, D. Walkinshaw (ed.), 2:665–70. Toronto, Canada, 1990.
    • (1990) Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate , vol.2 , pp. 665-670
    • Baldwin, M.E.1    Farant, J.-P.2
  • 9
    • 0000045913 scopus 로고
    • The Danish twin apartment study: Part I: Formaldehyde and long-term VOC measurements
    • Wolkoff, P., P.A. Clausen, P.A. Nielsen, and L. Mølhave: The Danish twin apartment study: Part I: Formaldehyde and long-term VOC measurements. Indoor Air 1:478–490 (1991).
    • (1991) Indoor Air , vol.1 , pp. 478-490
    • Wolkoff, P.1    Clausen, P.A.2    Nielsen, P.A.3    Mølhave, L.4
  • 10
    • 85011228357 scopus 로고
    • Sampling Strategies for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Indoor Air (14 EUR 16051 EN). Brussels: European Commission
    • European Commission (EC): Sampling Strategies for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Indoor Air (14 EUR 16051 EN). Brussels: European Commission, 1994.
    • (1994)
  • 11
    • 7144226179 scopus 로고
    • Volatile organic compounds-sources, measurements, emissions, and the impact on indoor air quality
    • Wolkoff, P.: Volatile organic compounds-sources, measurements, emissions, and the impact on indoor air quality. Indoor Air 3:1–73 (1995).
    • (1995) Indoor Air , vol.3 , pp. 1-73
    • Wolkoff, P.1
  • 13
    • 0034268026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volatile organic compound concentrations and emission rates in new manufactured and site-built houses
    • Hodgson, A.T., A.F. Rudd, D. Beal, and S. Chandra: Volatile organic compound concentrations and emission rates in new manufactured and site-built houses. Indoor Air 10:178–192 (2000).
    • (2000) Indoor Air , vol.10 , pp. 178-192
    • Hodgson, A.T.1    Rudd, A.F.2    Beal, D.3    Chandra, S.4
  • 14
    • 0028606538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volatile organic compounds in office buildings
    • Ekberg, L.E.: Volatile organic compounds in office buildings. Atmos. Environ. 28:3571–3575 (2003).
    • (2003) Atmos. Environ , vol.28 , pp. 3571-3575
    • Ekberg, L.E.1
  • 15
    • 2542494811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cleaning products and air fresheners; exposure to primary and secondary air pollutants
    • Nazaroff, W.W., and C.J. Weschler: Cleaning products and air fresheners; exposure to primary and secondary air pollutants. Atmos. Environ. 38:2841–2865 (2004).
    • (2004) Atmos. Environ , vol.38 , pp. 2841-2865
    • Nazaroff, W.W.1    Weschler, C.J.2
  • 17
    • 0036713534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air quality in a simulated office environment as a result of reducing pollution sources and increasing ventilation
    • Wargocki, P., Z. Bakó-Biró, G. Clausen, and P. Ole Fanger: Air quality in a simulated office environment as a result of reducing pollution sources and increasing ventilation. Energy and Buildings 34:775–783 (2002).
    • (2002) Energy and Buildings , vol.34 , pp. 775-783
    • Wargocki, P.1    Bakó-Biró, Z.2    Clausen, G.3    Ole Fanger, P.4
  • 18
    • 0003038010 scopus 로고
    • The Sick Building Syndrome Caused by Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds
    • Proceedings of the Indoor Air Quality International Symposium, D.M.Weekes and R.B. Gammage (eds.). Akron, Ohio: AIHA
    • Mølhave, L.: “The Sick Building Syndrome Caused by Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds.” In The Practitioner’s Approach to Indoor Air Quality Investigations: Proceedings of the Indoor Air Quality International Symposium, D.M.Weekes and R.B. Gammage (eds.). Akron, Ohio: AIHA, 1990.
    • (1990) The Practitioner’s Approach to Indoor Air Quality Investigations
    • Mølhave, L.1
  • 19
    • 8844221280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Symptoms in relation to chemicals and dampness in newly built dwellings
    • Saijo, Y., R. Kishi, F. Sata, et al.: Symptoms in relation to chemicals and dampness in newly built dwellings. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 77:461–470 (2004).
    • (2004) Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , vol.77 , pp. 461-470
    • Saijo, Y.1    Kishi, R.2    Sata, F.3
  • 21
    • 26944463774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of VOCs in Singapore and European office buildings
    • Zuraimi, M.S., C.-A. Roulet, K.W. Tham, et al.: A comparative study of VOCs in Singapore and European office buildings. Building and Environment 41:316–329 (2005).
    • (2005) Building and Environment , vol.41 , pp. 316-329
    • Zuraimi, M.S.1    Roulet, C.-A.2    Tham, K.W.3
  • 22
    • 0000306238 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of microbial volatiles in damp Swedish houses
    • R.A. Samson, B. Flannigan, M.E. Flannigan, A.P. Verhoeff, O.C.G. Adan, E.S. Hoekstra (eds.) North- Holland Biomedical, Amsterdam: Elsevier
    • Ström, G., J. West, B. Wessen, and U. Palmgren: Quantitative analysis of microbial volatiles in damp Swedish houses. In Health Implications of Fungi in Indoor Environments, R.A. Samson, B. Flannigan, M.E. Flannigan, A.P. Verhoeff, O.C.G. Adan, E.S. Hoekstra (eds.) North- Holland Biomedical, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994.
    • (1994) Health Implications of Fungi in Indoor Environments
    • Ström, G.1    West, J.2    Wessen, B.3    Palmgren, U.4
  • 24
    • 33645243567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic compounds in office environments-sensory irritation, odor, measurements and the role of reactive chemistry
    • Wolkoff, P., C.K. Wilkins, P.A. Clausen, and G.D. Nielsen: Organic compounds in office environments-sensory irritation, odor, measurements and the role of reactive chemistry. Indoor Air 16:7–19 (2006).
    • (2006) Indoor Air , vol.16 , pp. 7-19
    • Wolkoff, P.1    Wilkins, C.K.2    Clausen, P.A.3    Nielsen, G.D.4
  • 25
    • 0010526840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical and biological evaluation of building material emissions. II. Approaches for setting indoor air standards or guidelines for chemicals
    • Nielsen, G.D., L.F. Hansen, and P. Wolkoff: Chemical and biological evaluation of building material emissions. II. Approaches for setting indoor air standards or guidelines for chemicals. Indoor Air 7:17–32 (1997).
    • (1997) Indoor Air , vol.7 , pp. 17-32
    • Nielsen, G.D.1    Hansen, L.F.2    Wolkoff, P.3
  • 26
    • 0345761433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indoor air guideline values for organic acids, phenols, and glycol ethers
    • Nielsen, G.D., L.F. Hansen, B.A. Nexø and O.M. Poulsen: Indoor air guideline values for organic acids, phenols, and glycol ethers. Indoor Air 5(Suppl.):8–54 (1998).
    • (1998) Indoor Air , vol.5 , pp. 8-54
    • Nielsen, G.D.1    Hansen, L.F.2    Nexø, B.A.3    Poulsen, O.M.4
  • 27
    • 0002292710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TVOC and health in non-industrial indoor environments
    • Andersson, K., J.V. Bakke, O. Bjørseth, et al.: TVOC and health in non-industrial indoor environments. Indoor Air 7:78–91 (1997).
    • (1997) Indoor Air , vol.7 , pp. 78-91
    • Andersson, K.1    Bakke, J.V.2    Bjørseth, O.3
  • 28
    • 0343847955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of volatile organic compounds in indoor air
    • Berglund, B., and I. Johansson: Health effects of volatile organic compounds in indoor air. Arc. Center Sens. Res. 3:1–92 (1996).
    • (1996) Arc. Center Sens. Res , vol.3 , pp. 1-92
    • Berglund, B.1    Johansson, I.2
  • 29
    • 0034912394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic compounds in indoor air- their relevance for perceived indoor air quality
    • Wolkoff, P., and G.D. Nielsen: Organic compounds in indoor air- their relevance for perceived indoor air quality. Atmos. Environ. 35:4407–4417 (2001).
    • (2001) Atmos. Environ , vol.35 , pp. 4407-4417
    • Wolkoff, P.1    Nielsen, G.D.2
  • 30
    • 85011174329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total Volatile Organic Compounds TVOC in Indoor Air Quality Investigations. (Report 19) Brussels: European Commission; 1997. 31. “Indoor Air Quality in Office Buildings: A Technical Guide, Accessed September 23, 2008
    • European Collaborative Action ECA-IAQ: Total Volatile Organic Compounds TVOC in Indoor Air Quality Investigations. (Report 19) Brussels: European Commission; 1997. 31. “Indoor Air Quality in Office Buildings: A Technical Guide.” [Online] Available at http://www.hc.sc.gc.ca/ewh semt/pubs/air/office building immeubles bureaux/organic-organiques e.html. (Accessed September 23, 2008).
  • 31
    • 33746178471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility Study of an Express Assessment Protocol for the Indoor Air Quality of Air-Conditioned Offices
    • Hui, P.S., L.T. Wong, and K.W. Mui: Feasibility Study of an Express Assessment Protocol for the Indoor Air Quality of Air-Conditioned Offices. Ind. Built Environ. 15:373 (2006).
    • (2006) Ind. Built Environ , vol.15 , pp. 373
    • Hui, P.S.1    Wong, L.T.2    Mui, K.W.3
  • 33
    • 28144445003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European indoor air quality audit project in 56 office buildings
    • Bluyssen, P.M., E. de Oliveira Fernandes, L. Groes, et al.: European indoor air quality audit project in 56 office buildings. Indoor Air 6:221–238 (1996).
    • (1996) Indoor Air , vol.6 , pp. 221-238
    • Bluyssen, P.M.1    De Oliveira Fernandes, E.2    Groes, L.3
  • 34
    • 85011120916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of ammonia in indoor air samples
    • J. Woods, D. Grimsrud, N. Boschi (eds.), Washington, D.C., 1997
    • Bäck, B., K. Reijula, and E. Puhakka: Measurement of ammonia in indoor air samples. In Proceedings of Healthy Buildings 1997, J. Woods, D. Grimsrud, N. Boschi (eds.), Vol. 3. Washington, D.C., 1997. pp. 321–323.
    • (1997) Proceedings of Healthy Buildings , vol.3 , pp. 321-323
    • Bäck, B.1    Reijula, K.2    Puhakka, E.3
  • 35
    • 85011200228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Dwelling Survey. Report on Indoor Air Quality in French Dwellings. French Indoor Air Quality Observatory, [In French]
    • Observatoire de la Qualitè de l’ Air Intèrieur (OQAI): National Dwelling Survey. Report on Indoor Air Quality in French Dwellings. French Indoor Air Quality Observatory, 2006. [In French]
    • (2006)
  • 36
    • 85011209162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air Quality Guidelines for Europe. Geneva: World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization (WHO): Air Quality Guidelines for Europe. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1999.
    • (1999)
  • 37
    • 3142696287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposition study on the work medicine—Sgnificance of ammonia-associated health effects
    • [In German]
    • Hoffmann, J., A. Ihrig, and G. Triebig: Exposition study on the work medicine—Sgnificance of ammonia-associated health effects. Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin, Umweltmedizin 39:390–401 (2004). [In German]
    • (2004) Arbeitsmedizin, Sozialmedizin, Umweltmedizin , vol.39 , pp. 390-401
    • Hoffmann, J.1    Ihrig, A.2    Triebig, G.3
  • 38
    • 4444241635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute respiratory effects of exposure to ammonia on healthy persons
    • Sundblad, B.M., B.M. Larsson, F. Acevedo, et al.: Acute respiratory effects of exposure to ammonia on healthy persons. Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health. 30:313–321 (2004).
    • (2004) Scand. J. Work. Environ. Health , vol.30 , pp. 313-321
    • Sundblad, B.M.1    Larsson, B.M.2    Acevedo, F.3
  • 39
    • 84901003392 scopus 로고
    • Volatile organic compounds in ventilating air in buildings at different sampling points in the buildings and their relationship with the prevalence of occupant symptoms
    • Sundell, J., B. Anderson, K. Anderson, and T. Lindvall: Volatile organic compounds in ventilating air in buildings at different sampling points in the buildings and their relationship with the prevalence of occupant symptoms. Indoor Air 3:82 (1993).
    • (1993) Indoor Air , vol.3 , pp. 82
    • Sundell, J.1    Anderson, B.2    Anderson, K.3    Lindvall, T.4
  • 40
    • 85011209164 scopus 로고
    • National Building Code of Finland, D2. Indoor Climate and Ventilation in Buildings, Regulations and Guidelines. Helsinki: Finnish Ministry of the Environment, In Finnish
    • Finnish Ministry of the Environment: National Building Code of Finland, D2. Indoor Climate and Ventilation in Buildings, Regulations and Guidelines. Helsinki: Finnish Ministry of the Environment, 1987. [In Finnish]
    • (1987)
  • 41
    • 85011149165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Building Code of Finland, D2. Indoor Climate and Ventilation in Buildings, Regulations and Guidelines. Helsinki: Finnish Ministry of the Environment, In Finnish
    • Finnish Ministry of the Environment: National Building Code of Finland, D2. Indoor Climate and Ventilation in Buildings, Regulations and Guidelines. Helsinki: Finnish Ministry of the Environment, 2003. [In Finnish]
    • (2003)
  • 42
    • 0000045913 scopus 로고
    • The Danish twin apartment study; part I: Formaldehyde and long-term VOC measurements
    • Wolkoff, P., P.A. Clausen, P.A. Nielsen, and L. Mølhave: The Danish twin apartment study; part I: Formaldehyde and long-term VOC measurements. Indoor Air 1:478–490 (1991).
    • (1991) Indoor Air , vol.1 , pp. 478-490
    • Wolkoff, P.1    Clausen, P.A.2    Nielsen, P.A.3    Mølhave, L.4
  • 43
    • 0035168859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification of indoor VOCs in twenty mechanically ventilated buildings in Hong Kong
    • Chao, C.Y., and G.Y. Chan: Quantification of indoor VOCs in twenty mechanically ventilated buildings in Hong Kong. Atmos. Environ. 35:5895–5913 (2001).
    • (2001) Atmos. Environ , vol.35 , pp. 5895-5913
    • Chao, C.Y.1    Chan, G.Y.2
  • 44
    • 85011174312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization
    • World Health Organization (WHO):Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2000.
    • (2000)
  • 45
    • 0000371337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in indoor air
    • T. Salthammer (ed.). Weinheim: Wiley- VCH
    • Brown, S.K.: Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in indoor air. In Organic Indoor Air Pollutants, T. Salthammer (ed.). Weinheim: Wiley- VCH, 1999. pp. 171–184.
    • (1999) Organic Indoor Air Pollutants , pp. 171-184
    • Brown, S.K.1
  • 46
  • 47
    • 0347635273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of personal, indoor, and outdoor exposures to hazardous air pollutants in three urban communities
    • Sexton, K., J.L. Adgate, G. Ramachandran, et al.: Comparison of personal, indoor, and outdoor exposures to hazardous air pollutants in three urban communities. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38:423–430 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.38 , pp. 423-430
    • Sexton, K.1    Adgate, J.L.2    Ramachandran, G.3
  • 48
    • 0034744573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VOC concentrations in internal roomspaces within the Berlin Conurbation, Germany during the time period from 1988 to 1999
    • [In German]
    • Schleibinger, H., U. Hott, P. Braun, P. Plieninger, and H. Ruden: VOC concentrations in internal roomspaces within the Berlin Conurbation, Germany during the time period from 1988 to 1999. Gefahrstoffe Reinhaltung Luft. 61:26–34 (2001). [In German]
    • (2001) Gefahrstoffe Reinhaltung Luft , vol.61 , pp. 26-34
    • Schleibinger, H.1    Hott, U.2    Braun, P.3    Plieninger, P.4    Ruden, H.5
  • 49
    • 4744375272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Background concentrations of individual and total volatile organic compounds in residential indoor air of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
    • Hippelein, M.: Background concentrations of individual and total volatile organic compounds in residential indoor air of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. J. Environ. Monit. 6:745–752 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Environ. Monit , vol.6 , pp. 745-752
    • Hippelein, M.1
  • 50
    • 0344862056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure of population and microenvironmental distributions of volatile organic compound concentrations in the EXPOLIS study
    • Saarela, K., T. Tirkkonen, J. Laine-Ylijoki, J. Jurvelin, M.J. Nieuwenhuijsen, and M. Jantunen: Exposure of population and microenvironmental distributions of volatile organic compound concentrations in the EXPOLIS study. Atmos. Environ. 37:5563–5575 (2003).
    • (2003) Atmos. Environ , vol.37 , pp. 5563-5575
    • Saarela, K.1    Tirkkonen, T.2    Laine-Ylijoki, J.3    Jurvelin, J.4    Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J.5    Jantunen, M.6
  • 54
    • 0035471645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VOC source identification from personal and residential indoor, outdoor and workplace microenvironment samples in EXPOLIS-Helsinki Finland
    • Edwards, R.D., J. Jurvelin, K. Koistinen, K. Saarela, and M. Jantunen: VOC source identification from personal and residential indoor, outdoor and workplace microenvironment samples in EXPOLIS-Helsinki Finland. Atmos. Environ. 35:4829–4841 (2001).
    • (2001) Atmos. Environ , vol.35 , pp. 4829-4841
    • Edwards, R.D.1    Jurvelin, J.2    Koistinen, K.3    Saarela, K.4    Jantunen, M.5
  • 56
    • 85011214838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements of aldehydes and VOCs from electronic appliances by using a small chamber
    • T.K. Wai, C. Sekhar, D. Cheong (eds.), Singapore
    • Funaki, R., H. Tanaka, T. Nakagava, and S. Tanabe: Measurements of aldehydes and VOCs from electronic appliances by using a small chamber. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Healthy Buildings 2003, T.K. Wai, C. Sekhar, D. Cheong (eds.), Vol. 1. Singapore, 2003. pp. 319–324.
    • (2003) Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Healthy Buildings 2003 , vol.1 , pp. 319-324
    • Funaki, R.1    Tanaka, H.2    Nakagava, T.3    Tanabe, S.4
  • 57
    • 0038170455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residential indoor, outdoor, and workplace concentrations of carbonyl compounds: Relationship with personal exposure concentrations and correlation with sources
    • Jurvelin, J.A., R.D. Edwards, M. Vartiainen, P. Pasanen, M. Jantunen: Residential indoor, outdoor, and workplace concentrations of carbonyl compounds: Relationship with personal exposure concentrations and correlation with sources. J. AirWaste Manage. Assoc. 53:560–573 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Airwaste Manage. Assoc , vol.53 , pp. 560-573
    • Jurvelin, J.A.1    Edwards, R.D.2    Vartiainen, M.3    Pasanen, P.4    Jantunen, M.5
  • 58
    • 0027470246 scopus 로고
    • Indoor concentrations of ammonia and the potential contribution of humans to atmospheric budgets
    • Atkins, D.H.F., and D.S. Lee: Indoor concentrations of ammonia and the potential contribution of humans to atmospheric budgets. Atmos. Environ. 27A:1–7 (1993).
    • (1993) Atmos. Environ , vol.27A , pp. 1-7
    • Atkins, D.H.F.1    Lee, D.S.2
  • 59
    • 85011209144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Workshop on Gases and Vapours by G. Stridh, G.D. Nielsen, J. Bakke, I. Johansson, L. Mølhave, and P. Wolkoff. København: Arbejdsmiljøinstitutet, In Danish
    • Danish National Research Centre for the Working Environment: Workshop on Gases and Vapours by G. Stridh, G.D. Nielsen, J. Bakke, I. Johansson, L. Mølhave, and P. Wolkoff. København: Arbejdsmiljøinstitutet, 2001. [In Danish]
    • (2001)
  • 60
    • 85011218601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air Quality Guidelines. Geneva: WHO
    • World Health Organization (WHO): Air Quality Guidelines. Geneva: WHO, 2000.
  • 61
    • 85011214850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicologically Based Determination of Indoor Climate Substance Norms by G.D. Nielsen, G.D., L.F. Hansen, B.A.Nexø, and O.M. Poulsen. Helsingfors: MonilaOy, In Danish
    • Nordic Committee on Building Regulations: Toxicologically Based Determination of Indoor Climate Substance Norms by G.D. Nielsen, G.D., L.F. Hansen, B.A.Nexø, and O.M. Poulsen. Helsingfors: MonilaOy, 1997. [In Danish]
    • (1997)
  • 62
    • 85011200204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VOC-BASE Odour and Mucous Membrane Irritation Thresholds and Other Physico- Chemical Properties, Version 2.1. by B. Jensen and P. Wolkoff. Copenhagen: NIOH
    • National Institute of Occupational Health (NIOH): VOC-BASE Odour and Mucous Membrane Irritation Thresholds and Other Physico- Chemical Properties, Version 2.1. by B. Jensen and P. Wolkoff. Copenhagen: NIOH, 1996.
    • (1996)
  • 65
    • 85011200207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Living Instructions Regarding Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors in Housing and Other Living Premises. Helsinki: STM, In Finnish
    • Ministry of Social Affairs and Health (STM): Living Instructions Regarding Physical, Chemical and Biological Factors in Housing and Other Living Premises. Helsinki: STM, 2003. [In Finnish]
    • (2003)
  • 66
    • 85011214867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification of Indoor Climate. Publication 5 E. Espoo, Finland: FiSIAQ
    • Finnish Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (FiSIAQ): Classification of Indoor Climate. Publication 5 E. Espoo, Finland: FiSIAQ, 2000.
    • (2000)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.