Juvenal, the Phaedrus, and the truth about Rome

Classical Quarterly

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 234-251

  Hardie, Alex ^a  

^a FOREIGN AND COMMONWEALTH OFFICE   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 61449482091     PISSN: 00098388     EISSN: 14716844     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/cq/48.1.234     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. For analysis of Umbricius' speech as a rhetorical syntacticon, F. Cairns, Generic Composition in Greek and Roman Poetry (Edinburgh, 1972), pp. 47-8
2. On the relationship between preamble and Umbricius' speech, see S. C. Fredericks, 'The function of the prologue (1-20) in the organisation of Juvenal's Third Satire', Phoenix 27 (1973), 62-7
3. Contrasting laudatio and vituperatio are also prominent in the fourth satire: A. Hardie, 'Juvenal, Domitian and the accession of Hadrian' (forthcoming in BICS)
4. S. C. Fredericks, 'Irony of overstatement in the Satires of Juvenal', ICS 4 (1979), 178-91, at 184
5. For ainplificatio in Juvenal, I. G. Scott, The Grand Style in the Satires of Juvenal (Northampton, MA, 1927), pp. 37-43
6. A. W. Nightingale, 'The folly of praise: Plato's critique of encomiastic discourse in the Lysias and Symposium', CQ 43 (1993), 112-30
7. In general, T. P. Wiseman, 'Lying historians: seven types of mendacity', in C. Gill and T. P. Wiseman (edd.), Lies and Fiction in the Ancient World (Exeter, 1993), pp. 126-8
8. On these issues, see R. Meijering, Literary and Rhetorical Theories in the Greek Scholia (Groningen, 1987)
9. also D. C. Feeney, The Gods in Epic (Oxford, 1991), pp. 12-33
10. and Gill and Wiseman (n. 5), in particular the chapter by J. R. Morgan, 'Make-believe and make believe: the fictionality of the Greek Novels', pp. 175-229, at 176-93
11. G. Zanker, Realism in Alexandrian Poetry: A Literature and its Audience (London, 1987), pp. 42-50
12. For an important analogue of art/fiction in Longus' Daphnis and Chloe, Morgan (n. 6), p. 218
13. For artificial caves and the antithesis between natura and ars, H. Lavagne, Operosa Antra, BEFAR 262 (Rome, 1988), esp. 19-22. Fredericks (n. 2), p. 63 comments on the programmatic significance of some physical features of the vallis
14. Hor. Serm. 1.1.24-5: quamquam ridentem dicere rerumlquid vetat? J. C. Bramble, Persius and the Programmatic Satire (Cambridge, 1974), pp. 153-4
15. D. Sweet, 'Juvenal's Satire 4: poetic uses of indirection', CSCA 12 (1979), 283-303, at 298
16. W. S. Anderson, 'Anger in Juvenal and Seneca', CSCP 19 (1964), 127-96 (= Essays on Roman Satire [Princeton, NJ, 1982], pp. 293-361, at pp. 301-5), noting Juvenal's juxtaposition of claims to truth and distortions of that truth; and the need to 'distinguish between the satirist's "truth" and truth itself (305)
17. R.A. LaFleur, 'Umbricius and Juvenal Three', Ziva Antika 26 (1976), 383-431 remains essential reading, together with
18. id., 'Amicitia and the unity of Juvenal's first book', ICS 4 (1979), 158-77, at 161-4
19. From a large bibliography on Umbricius, see M. M. Winkler, The Persona in Three Satires of Juvenal (Hildesheim, 1983), pp. 220-3
20. B. Frueland Jensen, 'Martyred and beleaguered virtue: Juvenal's portrait of Umbricius', CM 37 (1986), 185-97
21. and S. Morton Braund, Juvenal Satires Book I (Cambridge, 1996), pp. 233-5
22. F. Jacoby, 'Zwei Doppelfassungen im Juvenaltext', Hermes 87 (1959), 449-62, at 453
23. R. G. M. Nisbet, 'Notes on the text and interpretation of Juvenal', in Vir bonus discendi peritus (BICS Suppl. 51 [1988]), 86-110, at 92-3
24. supported, with modifications, by T. E. V. Pearce, 'Juvenal 3.10-20', Mnemosyne 45 (1992), 380-3, and by Morton Braund (n. 10) on 10-20
25. For examples of the combination of propemplicon and syntacticon, see I. M. le M. Du Quesnay, 'Vergil's First Eclogue', PLLS 3 (1981), 29-182, at 63 (the first eclogue itself directly influenced the third satire: Morton Braund [n. 10], 235-6)
26. Peripatetic dialogues in prose and satire, S. [Morton] Braund, Beyond Anger: A Study of Juvenal's Third Book of Satires (Cambridge, 1988), p. 148, with bibliography
27. R. Maltby, A Lexicon of ancient latin etymologies (Leeds, 1991), s.v. amoenus
28. G. Schönbeck, Der locus amoenus von Homer bis Horaz (diss. Heidelberg, 1962), pp. 102-11
29. A. Motte, 'Le pré sacré de Pan et des Nymphes dans le Phèdre de Platon', AC 32 (1963), 460-76
30. L. Isebaert, 'La fascination du monde et des Muses selon Platon', LEC 53 (1985), 205-19
31. G. R. F. Ferrari, Listening to the Cicadas (Cambridge, 1987), pp. 1-34
32. C. Murley, 'Plato's Phaedrus and Theocritean pastoral', TAPA 71 (1940), 281-95
33. M. B. Trapp, 'Plato's Phaedrus in second-century Greek literature', in D. A. Russell (ed.), Antonine Literature (Oxford, 1990), pp. 141-73, at 141-8 and 171
34. A. Hardie, 'Philitas and the plane tree', ZPE 119 (1997), 21-36, at 28-9
35. E. Fraenkel, Horace (Oxford, 1957), pp. 136-7
36. 2 (1912, repr. Munich, 1971), pp. 219-20
37. J. H. Waszink, 'Camena', CM 17 (1956), 139-18
38. L. Richardson Jr, A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome (Baltimore, MD and London, 1992), pp. 63-4 is probably wrong to suggest that a temple replaced the aedicula: the aedes Camenarum in which Accius set up his statue (Plin. Nat. 34.19) is the aedes Herculis Musarum
39. see also Ogilvie ad loc. F. Williams, 'Vox clamantis in theatro', PLLS 4 (1983), 121-7 at n. 15, rightly notes 12-20 as 'the ironic reversal of the locus amoenus motif'
40. N. Neuerburg, L'architettura delle fontane e del Ninfei nell'Italia antica (Naples, 1965), p. 161 (non vidi: cited by Courtney on 11)
41. H. W. Parke, Sibyls and Sibylline Prophecy in Classical Antiquity (London, 1988), p. 93
42. S. [Morton] Braund, 'Umbricius and the Frogs (Juvenal Sat. 3.44-5)', CQ 40 (1990), 502-6, at 505
43. Suggested by J. Adamietz, Untersuchungen zu Juvenal (Wiesbaden, 1972), p. 41; rejected by Courtney on 13
44. Contrast J. Ferguson, A Prosopography to the Poems of Juvenal (Brussels, 1987), s, v. Umbricius. Like Tanaquil (cf. Sat. 6.565-71 and contrast Livy 1.34 and Sil. 13.818-20), Umbricius is not professionally involved in divination (cf. 44), but his name recalls a historical figure who was
45. A. L. Motto and J. R. Clark, 'Per iter tenebricosum: the mythos of Juvenal 3', TAPA 96 (1976), 267-76, see in Umbricius' departure a reflection of withdrawal myths such as that of Astraea/Dike: the details of the argument are unconvincing, but the concept may well be correct. sarcula (311), an iron agricultural implement (i.e. a ferrea sarcula) for the manufacture of which no ferrum will be left over from convicts' chains, puns on ferrea saecula; similarly, the iron highwayman's sword alludes to the bronze highwayman's sword which characterizes the bronze age at Aratus, Phaen. 131-2
46. P. A. Murray, 'Poetic inspiration in early Greece', JHS 101 (1981), 87-100, at 87-9
47. The fullest treatment is E. Barmeyer, Die Musen: ein Beitrag zur Inspirationstheorie (Munich, 1968)
48. A. Hardie, Statius and the Silvae: Poets, Patrons and Epideixls in the Graeco-Roman World (Liverpool, 1983), p. 145
49. W. J. Verdenius, 'The principles of Greek literary criticism', Mnemosyne 36 (1983), 1-59, at 46
50. citing J. A. Notopoulos, 'Mnemosyne in oral literature', TAPA 69 (1938), 465-93
51. J. Farrell, Virgil's Georgics and the Traditions of Ancient Epic: The Art of Allusion in Literary History (New York and Oxford, 1991), pp. 23-4
52. Anderson cited from 'The Roman Socrates: Horace and his Satires', in J. P. Sullivan (ed.), Satire: Critical Essays on Roman Literature (Bloomington, IN, 1968), p. 34
53. A. N. Sherwin-White, The Roman Citizenship (Oxford, 1939), Index s.v. communis patria Roma