Water quality, nutrients and the European union's Water Framework Directive in a lowland agricultural region: Suffolk, south-east England

Science of the Total Environment

Volumn 407, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 2966-2979

  Howden, Nicholas J K ^a   Bowes, Michael J ^b   Clark, Alistair D J ^a   Humphries, Neil ^a,c   Neal, Colin ^b  

^a National Soil Resources Institute   (United Kingdom)

^b CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY   (United Kingdom)

^c URS CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

Load Apportionment Modelling; Nitrate; Nutrients; Phosphate; Suffolk rivers; Water Framework Directive

Indexed keywords

ANNUAL AVERAGES; AVERAGE CONCENTRATIONS; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIONS; CONCENTRATION DATUM; CONTROL POINTS; DIFFUSE SOURCES; ECOLOGICAL STATUS; ENGLAND; ENVIRONMENT AGENCIES; EUROPEAN UNIONS; FLOW DATUM; HYDRO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; LOAD APPORTIONMENT MODELLING; LOW FLOWS; ROUTINE MONITORING; SUFFOLK RIVERS; TOTAL REACTIVE PHOSPHORUS; WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE;

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS; DISSOLUTION; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY; GROUNDWATER; HYDROGEOLOGY; LAW ENFORCEMENT; NUTRIENTS; ORES; PHOSPHORUS; WATER CONSERVATION; WATER POLLUTION; WATER QUALITY;

RIVERS;

CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM; NITRATE; NUTRIENT; PHOSPHATE; WATER QUALITY;

AGRICULTURE; ENGLAND; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EUROPEAN UNION; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS; GEOGRAPHY; PHOSPHORUS; RIVERS; WATER MOVEMENTS; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL; WATER POLLUTION;

ENGLAND; EURASIA; EUROPE; SUFFOLK; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 61449207009     PISSN: 00489697     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.040     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Boorman D.B. LOIS in-stream water quality modelling. Part 2. Results and scenarios. Sci Total Environ 314-316 (2003) 397-409
2. Bowes M.J., Hilton J., Irons G.P., and Hornby D.D. The relative contribution of sewage and diffuse phosphorus sources in the River Avon catchment, southern England: implications for nutrient management. Sci Total Environ 344 (2005) 67-81
3. Bowes M.J., Leach D.V., and House W.A. Seasonal nutrient dynamics in a chalk stream: the River Frome, Dorset, UK. Sci Total Environ 336 (2005) 225-241
4. Bowes M.J., Smith J.T., Jarvie H.P., and Neal C. Modelling of phosphorus inputs to rivers from diffuse and point sources. Sci Total Environ 395 (2008) 125-138
5. Burt T.P., and Pinay G. Linking hydrology and biogeochemistry in complex landscapes. Prog Phys Geogr 29 3 (2005) 297-316
6. Burt T.P., Howden N.J.K., Worrall F., and Whelan M.J. Importance of long-term monitoring for detecting environmental change: lessons from a lowland river in south east England. Biogeosciences 5 (2008) 1529-1535
7. DEFRA. Developing measures to promote catchment-sensitive farming. A joint Defra-HM Treasury Consultation (2004). http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/water/dwpa/index.htm http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/water/dwpa/index.htm
8. DoE Methodology for identifying sensitive areas (Urban Wastewater Directive) and designating vulnerable zones (Nitrates Directive) in England and Wales. Department of the Environment, Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Welsh Office. Consultation Document, 1993.
9. EA. Aquatic Eutrophication of England and Wales: A Management Strategy (2000), Environment Agency, Bristol 32
10. EA. The Water Framework Directive: Guiding Principles on the Technical Requirements (2002), Environment Agency, Rio house, Waterside Drive, Aztec West, Almondsbury, Bristol, BS32 4UD 84 pp.
11. Evans S.G., Spillett P.B., and Colquhoun K. South-east housing development - the quest for sustainability: water and sewerage needs. J Water Environ Manag 17 (2003) 257-261
12. Heathwaite A.L., Quinn P.F., and Hewett C.J.M. Modelling and managing critical source areas of diffuse pollution from agricultural land using flow connectivity simulation. J Hydrol 304 (2005) 446-461
13. Hilton J., O'Hare M., Bowes M.J., and Jones J.I. How green is my river? A new paradigm of eutrophication in rivers. Sci Total Environ 365 (2006) 66-83
14. Holman I.P., Whelan M.J., Howden N.J.K., Bellamy P.H., Willby N.J., Rivas-Casado M., and McConvey P. Phosphorus in groundwater - an overlooked contributor to eutrophication?. Hydrological Processes 22 (2008) 5121-5127
15. Howden N.J.K., and Burt T.P. Temporal and spatial analysis of nitrate concentrations from the Frome and Piddle catchments in Dorset (UK) for water years 1978 to 2007: evidence for nitrate breakthrough?. Sci Total Environ 407 (2008) 507-526
16. Howden NJK, Burt TP. Statistical analysis of nitrate concentrations from the Rivers Frome and piddle (Dorset, UK) for the period 1965-2007. Ecohydrology in press.
17. Howden N.J.K., Humphries C.E.L., and Humphries R.N. Coastal squeeze & maintenance - pilot study. A Report to English Nature (2006) Peterborough
18. Jackson B.M., Wheater H.S., Mathias S.A., McIntyre N., and Butler A.P. A simple model of variable residence time flow and nutrient transport in the Chalk. J Hydrol 330 (2006) 221-234
19. Jarvie H.P., Neal C., Tappin A.D., Burton J.D., Hill L., Neal M., et al. Riverine inputs of major ions and trace elements to the tidal reaches of the River Tweed, UK. Sci Total Environ 251/252 (2000) 55-81
20. Jarvie H.P., Neal C., and Withers P.A. Sewage-effluent phosphorus: a greater risk to river eutrophication than agricultural phosphorus?. Sci Total Environ 306 (2006) 243-253
21. Johnes P.J., and Burt T.P. Nitrate in surface water. In: Burt T.P., Heathwaite A.L., and Trudgill S.T. (Eds). Nitrate: Processes, Patterns and Management (1993), John Wiley & Sons, Chichester 269-317
22. Jordan C., and Smith R.V. Methods to predict the agricultural contribution to catchment nitrate loads: designation of nitrate vulnerable zones in Northern Ireland. J Hydrol 304 (2005) 316-319
23. Jordan P., Arnscheidt J., McGrogan H., and McCormick S. High-resolution phosphorus transfers at the catchment scale: the hidden importance of non-storm transfers. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 9 (2005) 685-691
24. Mainstone C.P., and Parr W. Phosphorus in rivers - ecology and management. Sci Total Environ 282-283 (2002) 25-48
25. Mainstone C.P., Parr W., and Day M. Phosphorus and river ecology. Tackling sewage inputs (2000), English Nature and Environment Agency, Peterborough 46
26. Mathias S.A., Butler A.P., Ireson A.M., Jackson B.M., McIntyre N., and Wheater H.S. Recent advances in modelling nitrate transport in the chalk unsaturated zone. Q J Eng Geol Hydrogeol 40 (2007) [Part 4, November 2007, Geological Society, London]
27. Muscutt A.D., and Withers P.J.A. The phosphorus content of rivers in England and Wales. Water Res 30 (1996) 1258-1268
28. Neal C., and Robson A.J. A summary of river water quality data collected within the Land Ocean Interaction Study: core data for Eastern UK rivers draining to the North Sea. Sci Total Environ 251/252 (2000) 585-665
29. Neal C., and Heathwaite A.L. Nutrient mobility within basins: a European perspective. J Hydrol 304 (2005) 477-490
30. Neal C., and Jarvie H.P. Agriculture, community, river eutrophication and the Water Framework Directive. Hydrol Proced 19 (2005) 1895-1901
31. Neal C., House W.A., Jarvie H.P., and Eatherall A. The significance of dissolved carbon dioxide in major lowland rivers entering the North Sea. Sci Total Environ 210/211 (1998) 187-203
32. Neal C., Jarvie H.P., Wade A.J., Neal M., Wyatt R., Wickham H., Hill L., and Hewitt N. The water quality of the LOCAR Pang and Lambourn catchments. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 8 (2004) 614-635
33. Neal C., Jarvie H.P., Neal M., Love A.J., Hill L., and Wickham H. Water quality of treated sewage effluent in a rural area of the upper Thames Basin, southern England, and the impacts of such effluents on riverine phosphorus concentrations. J Hydrol 304 1-4 (2005) 103-117
34. Neal C., Neal M., Hill L., and Wickham H. River water quality of the River Cherwell: an agricultural clay-dominated catchment in the upper Thames Basin, southeastern England. Sci Total Environ 306 (2006) 272-289
35. Neal C., Jarvie H.P., Neal M., Hill L., and Wickham H. Nitrate concentrations in river waters of the upper Thames and its tributaries. Sci Total Environ 365 (2006) 15-32
36. Neal C., Jarvie H.P., Love A., Neal M., Wickham H., and Harman S. Water quality along a river continuum subject to point and diffuse sources and canal water interchange. J Hydrol 350 3-4 (2008) 154-165
37. Neal C., Davies H., and Neal M. Water quality, nutrients and the water framework directive in an agricultural region: the lower Humber Rivers, northern England. J Hydrol 350 3-4 (2008) 232-245
38. NRFA. National River Flow Archive (2008), CEH, Wallingford. http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/catchment_spatial_information.html < http://www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa/catchment_spatial_information.html>
39. Office for National Statistics Census. the most comprehensive survey of the UK Population (2008). http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/census2001.asp , Details taken on 10th August
40. Parker J.M., Young C.P., and Chilton P.J. Rural and agricultural pollution of groundwater. In: Downing R.A., and Wilkinson W.B. (Eds). Applied Groundwater Hydrology (1991), Clarendon Press, (Oxford, UK) 149-163
41. Smettem K.R.J. Solute movement in soils. In: Trudgill S.T. (Ed). Solute Processes (1986), John Wiley, (Chichester, UK) 141-165
42. Smith R.V., Jordan C., and Annett J.A. A phosphorus budget for Northern Ireland: inputs to inland and coastal waters. J Hydrol 304 (2005) 193-202
43. UKCIP United Kingdom Climate Impacts Programme , Details taken on 11th December 2008.
44. Vinten A.J.A., and Smith K.A. Nitrogen cycling in agricultural soils. In: Burt T.P., Heathwaite A.L., and Trudgill S.T. (Eds). Nitrate: Processes, Patterns and Management (1993), John Wiley, Chichester 29-73
45. WFD UK TAG, UK Environmental Standards and Conditions (Phase 1). Draft provided to groups and organisations for review and comment. UK Technical Advisory Group on the Framework Directive. , 2006.
46. Withers P.J.A., and Lord E.I. Agricultural nutrient inputs to rivers and groundwaters in the UK: policy, environmental management and research needs. Sci Total Environ 282-283 (2002) 9-24
47. Withers P.J.A., and Sharpley A.N. Characterization and apportionment of nutrient and sediment sources in catchments. J Hydrol 350 (2008) 127-130
48. Wood F.L., Heathwaite A.L., and Haygarth P.M. Evaluating diffuse and point contributions to river transfers at different scales in the Taw catchment, Devon, UK. J Hydrol 304 (2005) 118-138