Acoustic analysis of blast waves produced by rapid phase transition of LNG released on water

Safety Science

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 515-521

  Bubbico, Roberto ^a   Salzano, Ernesto ^b  

^a SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME   (Italy)

^b CNR   (Italy)

Author keywords

Acoustic analysis; Explosion; LNG; Rapid phase transition

Indexed keywords

AB-INITIO; ACOUSTIC ANALYSIS; BLAST WAVES; FAST RATES; INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITIES; LARGE-SCALE EXPERIMENTS; LNG; MONOPOLE SOURCES; OVER-PRESSURES; POOL FIRES; RAPID PHASE TRANSITION; SAFETY DISTANCES; SOURCE POINTS; THRESHOLD DISTANCES; VAPOUR CLOUDS;

ACOUSTICS; EXPLOSIONS; EXPLOSIVES; FUEL STORAGE; GAS INDUSTRY; LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS; WATER ANALYSIS;

PHASE TRANSITIONS;

NATURAL GAS;

AB INITIO CALCULATION; ACOUSTICS; ARTICLE; ENERGY TRANSFER; EXPLOSION; FIRE; PHASE TRANSITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SAFETY;

EID: 61449177014     PISSN: 09257535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2008.07.033     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. ABS Consulting Inc., 2004. Consequence Assessment Methods for Incidents Involving Releases from Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Contract No. FERC04C40196.
2. Atallah S., 1997. Rapid phase transitions. Topical Report GRI-92/0533, Gas Research Institute.
3. Conrado C., and Vesovic V. The influence of chemical composition on vaporisation of LNG and LPG on unconfined water surfaces. Chemical Engineering Science 55 (2000) 4549-4562
4. Corbin, G.A., Reid, R.C., 1981. Liquid natural gas rapid phase transitions. Report GRI-80/0031, Gas Research Institute, Chicago, IL.
5. Enger, T., Hartman, D.E., 1972a. Explosive boiling of liquified gases on water. In: Material Research Council Conference on LNG Importation and Terminal Safety, Boston.
6. Enger, T., Hartman, D.E., 1972b. LNG spillage on water. Technical Progress Report, 1-72, Shell Pipeline Corporation.
7. Enger, T., Hartman, D.E., 1972c. Mechanics of the LNG-Water interaction. In: AGA Distribution Conference, Atlanta.
8. Enger, T., Hartman, D.E., 1972d. Rapid Phase Transformation during LNG Spillage on Water, LNG-3, Washington.
9. Havens, J., Spicer, T., 2006. United states regulations for siting LNG terminals: problems and potential. In: Salesi I.A., Havens J., Spider T., LNG Safety Research: FEM3A Model Development, First Quarterly Report 2006, Award No. DE-FG26-04NT42030.
10. IChemE. Explosions in the Process Industries. second ed. (1994), Rugby, Warwickshire, UK
11. Jazayeri, B., 1975. Impact cryogenic vapor explosion, MS Thesis, Chemical Engineering Department, Massachussets Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
12. Khalil, A., Fouad, M.A., Kamel, M.M., 1988. Modeling of confined cryogenic fuel spills over water. In: Proceedings of the Fifth Miami International Symposium on Multi-Phase Transport and Particulate, pp. 187-199.
13. Koopman R.P., and Ermak D.L. Lessons learned from LNG safety research. Journal of Hazardous Materials 140 (2007) 412-428
14. Koopman, R.P., Baker, J., Cederwall, R.T., Goldwire, Jr., H.C., Hogan, W.J., Kamppinen, L.M., Keifer, R.D., McClure, J.W., McRae, T.G., Morgan, D.L., Morris, L.K., Spann, Jr., M.W., Lind, C.D., 1982. Burro Series Data Report, LLNL/NWC 1980 LNG Spill Test, UCID 19075.
15. Lighthill J. Waves in Fluids (1978), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
16. Luketa-Hanlin A. A review of large-scale LNG spills: Experiments and modeling. Journal of Hazardous Materials 132 (2006) 119-140
17. McRae, T.G., 1982. Preliminary analysis of RPT explosions observed in the LLNL/NWCLNG spill tests. Report no. UCRL-87564, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA.
18. McRae, T.G., 1983. Large-scale rapid-phase-transition explosions. In: Third Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer Symposium, Miami FL.
19. McRae, T.G., Goldwire, H.C., Hogan, W.J., Morgan, D.L., 1984a. The effects of large-scale LNG/Water RPT explosion, Environmental Impact of LNG Spills. In: Winter Meeting of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Heat Transfer Division, New Orleans.
20. McRae, T.G., Goldwire, H.C., Koopman, R.P., 1984b. Analysis of large-scale LNG/Water RPT explosions. Report no. UCRL-91832, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA.
21. Melhem, G.A., Saraf, S., Ozog, H. 2006. LNG Properties and Hazards - Understand LNG Rapid Phase Transitions (RPT), IoMosaic Corporation.
22. Nedelka, D., Sauter, V., Goanvic, J., Ohba, R., 2003. Last Developments in Rapid Phase Transition Knowledge and Modeling Techniques, OTC 15228.
23. Sandia, 2004. Guidance on Risk Analysis and Safety Implications of a Large Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Spill Over Water, SAND2004-6258.
24. Schubach S.A., and Bagster D.F. Some aspects of modelling steam explosions. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 9 (1996) 193-197
25. Shaw S., Baik J., and Pitblado R. Consequences of underwater releases of LNG. Process Safety Progress 24 (2005) 3
26. van den Berg A.C., van der Voort M.M., Weerheijm J., and Versloot N.H.A. Expansion-controlled evaporation: a safe approach to BLEVE blast. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 17 (2004) 397-405