A refraction seismic transect from the Faroe Islands to the Hatton-Rockall Basin

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 113, Issue 12, 2008, Pages

  Funck, Thomas ^a   Andersen, Morten S ^a   Neish, Judith Keser ^b   Dahl Jensen, Trine ^a  

^a GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND   (Denmark)

^b Faroese Earth and Energy Directorate   (Faroe Islands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTINENTAL CRUST; CRUSTAL STRUCTURE; CRUSTAL THINNING; FORWARD MODELING; LINE TRANSECT; OCEAN BOTTOM SEISMOMETER; OCEANIC CRUST; P-WAVE; SEISMIC DATA; SEISMIC REFRACTION; SHEAR ZONE; WAVE VELOCITY;

ATLANTIC ISLANDS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; FAROE ISLANDS; HATTON BANK; ROCKALL BASIN;

EID: 61449163002     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2008JB005675     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Abrahamsen, N. (2006), Palaeomagnetic results from the Lopra-1/1A re-entry well, Faroe Islands, Geol. Surv. Den. Greenl. Bull., 9, 51-65.
2. Barton, A. J., and R. S. White (1997a), Crustal structure of Edoras Bank continental margin and mantle thermal anomalies beneath the North Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3109-3129.
3. Barton, A. J., and R. S. White (1997b), Volcamsm on the Rockall continental margin, J. Geol. Soc., 154, 531-536.
4. Basile, C., and P. Allemand (2002), Erosion and flexural uplift along transform faults, Geophys. J. Int., 151, 646-653, doi:10.10461j.1365-246X. 2002.01805.x.
5. Ben-Avraham, Z. (1985), Structural framework of the Gulf of Elat (Aqaba), J. Geophys. Res., 90, 703-726.
6. Boldreel, L. O. (2006), Wire-line log-based stratigraphy of flood basalts from the Lopra-1/1A well, Faroe Islands, Geol. Surv. Den. Greenl. Bull., 9, 7-22.
7. Boldreel, L. O., and M. S. Andersen (1994), Tertiary development of the Faeroe-Rockall Plateau based on reflection seismic data, Bull. Geol. Soc. Den., 41, 162-180.
8. Bott, M. H. P., J. Sunderland, P. J. Smith, U. Casten, and S. Saxov (1974), Evidence for continental crust beneath the Faeroe Islands, Nature, 248, 202-204, doi:10.1038/248202a0.
9. Bott, M. H. P., P. H. Nielsen, and J. Sunderland (1976), Converted P waves originating at the continental margin between the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge and the Faeroe block, Geophys. J. R. 4stron. Soc., 44, 229-238, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1976.tb00283.x.
10. Bott, M. H. P., A. R. Armour, E. M. Himsworth, T. Murphy, and G. Wylie (1979), An explosion seismology investigation of the continental margin west of the Hebrides, Scotland, at 58°N, Tectonophysics, 59, 217-231, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(79)90046-5.
11. Chalmers, J. A., and R. Waagstein (2006), Scientific results from the deepened Lopra-1 borehole, Faroe Islands, Geol. Surv. Den. Greent Bull., 9, 1-156.
12. Chian, D., and K. Louden (1992), The structure of Archean-Ketilidian crust along the continental shelf of southwestern Greenland from a seismic refraction profile, Can. J. Earth Sci., 29, 301-313, doi:10.1139/e92-027.
13. Chian, D., K. E. Louden, and I. Reid (1995), Crustal structure of the Labrador Sea conjugate margin and implications for the formation of nonvolcanic continental margins, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 24,239-24,253.
14. Chironi, C., J. V. Morgan, and M. R. Warner (2006), Imaging of intrabasalt and subbasalt structure with full wavefield seismic tomography, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B05313, doi:10.1029/ 2004JB003595.
15. Christensen, N. I. (1996), Poisson's ratio and crustal seismology, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3139-3156.
16. Christie, P., I. Gollifer, and D. Cowper (2006), Borehole seismic studies of a volcanic succession from the Lopra-1/1A borehole in the Faroe Islands, northern North Atlantic, Geol. Surv. Den. Greenl. Bull., 9, 23-40.
17. Cole, J. E., and J. Peachey (1999), Evidence for pre-Cretaceous rifting in the Rockall Trough: An analysis using quantitative plate tectonic modeling, in Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th Conference, edited by A. J. Fleet and S. A. R. Boldy, pp. 359-370, Geol. Soc., London.
18. Corfield, S., N. Murphy, and S. Parker (1999), The structural and stratigraphic framework of the Irish Rockall Trough, in Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th Conference, edited by A. J. Fleet and S. A. R. Boldy, pp. 407-420, Geol. Soc., London.
19. Edwards, J. W. F. (2002), Development of the Hatton-Rockall Basin, northeast Atlantic Ocean, Mar. Pet. Geol., 19, 193-205, doi:10.1016/S0264-8172 (01)00052-6.
20. Edwards, R. A., R. B. Whitmarsh, and R. A. Scrutton (1997), The crustal structure across the transform continental margin off Ghana, eastern equatorial Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 747-772.
21. Fliedner, M. M., and R. S. White (2001), Sub-basalt imaging in the Faeroe-Shetland Basin with large offset data, First Break, 19, 247-252.
22. Fliedner, M. M., and R. S. White (2003), Depth imaging of basalt flows in the Faeroe-Shetland Basin, Geophys. J. Int., 152, 353-371, doi:10.1046/j. 1365-246X.2003.01833.x.
23. Fowler, S. R., R. S. White, G. D. Spence, and G. K. Westbrook (1989), The Hatton Bank continental margin - II. Deep structure from two-ship expanding spread seismic profiles, Geophys. J., 96, 295-309, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb04452.x.
24. Funck, T., H. R. Jackson, K. E. Louden, S. A. Dehler, and Y. Wu (2004), Crustal structure of the northern Nova Scotia rifted continental margin (eastern Canada), J. Geophys. Res., 109, B09102, doi:10.1029/ 2004JB003008.
25. Funck, T., H. R. Jackson, K. E. Louden, and F. Klingelhöfer (2007), Seismic study of the transform-rifted margin in Davis Strait between Baffin Island (Canada) and Greenland: What happens when a plume meets a transform, J. Geophys. Res., 112, B04402, doi:10.1029 /2006JB004308.
26. Garfunkel, Z., I. Zak, and R. Freund (1980), Active faulting in the Dead Sea rift, Tectonophysics, 80, 1-26, doi:10.1016/ 0040-1951(81)90137-2.
27. Gariépy, C., J. Ludden, and B. Christopher (1983), Isotopic and trace element constraints on the genesis of the Faeroe lava pile, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 63, 257-272, doi:10.1016 /0012-821X(83)90041-9.
28. Ginzburg, A., and Z. Ben-Avraham (1997), A seismic refraction study of the north basin of the Dead Sea, Israel, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2063-2066.
29. Hald, N., and R. Waagstein (1983), Silicic basalts from the Faroe Islands: Evidence of crustal contamination, in Structure and Development of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, edited by M. H. P. Bott et al., pp. 343-349, Springer, New York.
30. Hall, J., and G. Simmons (1979), Seismic velocities of Lewisian metamorphic rocks at pressures to 8 kbar: Relationship to crustal layering in North Britain, Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc., 58, 337-347, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1979.tb01028.x.
31. Hauser, F., B. M. O'Reilly, A. W. B. Jacob, P. M. Shannon, J. Makris, and U. Vogt (1995), The crustal structure of the Rockall Trough: Differential stretching without underplating, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 4097-4116.
32. Hitchen, K. (2004), The geology of the UK Hatton-Rockall margin, Mar. Pet. Geol., 21, 993-1012, doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.05.004.
33. Hitchen, K., and J. D. Ritchie (1993), New K-Ar ages, and a provisional chronology, for the offshore part of the British Tertiary Igneous Province, Scott. J. Geol., 29, 73-85.
34. Hitchen, K., A. C. Morton, E. W. Meams, M. Whitehouse, and M. S. Stoker (1997), Geological implications from geochemical and isotopic studies of Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary igneous rocks around the northern Rockall Trough, J. Geol. Soc., 154, 517-521.
35. Holbrook, W. S., W. D. Mooney, and N. I. Christensen (1992), The seismic velocity structure of the deep continental crust, in Continental Lower Crust, edited by D. M. Fountain et al., pp. 1-43, Elsevier, New York.
36. Holbrook, W. S., et al. (2001), Mantle thermal structure and active upwelling during continental breakup in the North Atlantic, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 190, 251-266, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00392-2.
37. Holm, P. M., and N.-O. Prægel (2006), Cumulates from primitive rift-related east Greenland Paleogene magmas: Petrological and isotopic evidence from the ultramafic complexes at Kælvegletscher and near Kærven, Lithos, 92, 252-275, doi:10.1017 /j.lithos.2006.03.036.
38. Holm, P. M., N. Hald, and R. Waagstein (2001), Geochemical and Ph-Sr-Nd isotopic evidence for separate hot depleted and Iceland plume mantle sources for the Paleogene basalts of the Faroe Islands, Chem. Geol., 178, 95-125, doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00260-1.
39. Hughes, S., P. J. Barton, and D. Harrison (1998), Exploration in the Shetland-Faeroe Basin using densely spaced arrays of ocean-bottom seismometers, Geophysics, 63, 490-501.
40. Joppen, M., and R. S. White (1990), The structure and subsidence of Rock-all Trough from two-ship seismic experiments, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 19,821-19,837.
41. Kern, H., and A. Richter (1979), Compressional and shear wave velocities at high temperature and confining pressure in basalts from the Faeroe Islands, Tectonophysics, 54, 231-252, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(79) 90370-6.
42. Keser Neish, J. (1993), Seismic structure of the Hatton-Rockall area: An integrated seismic/modelling study from composite datasets, in Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference, edited by J. R. Parker, pp. 873-885, Geol. Sec., London.
43. Kimbell, G. S., J. D. Ritchie, H. Johnson, and R. W. Gatliff (2005), Controls on the structure and evolution of the NE Atlantic margin revealed by regional potential field imaging and 3D modelling, in Petroleum Geology: Northwest Europe and Global Perspectives, Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference, edited by A. G. Doré and B. A. Vining, pp. 933-846, Geol. Sec., London.
44. Klingelhöfer, F., R. A. Edwards, R. W. Hobbs, and R. W. England (2005), Crustal structure of the NE Rockall Trough from wide-angle seismic data modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B11105, doi:10.1029/ 2005JB003763.
45. Knott, S. D., M. T. Burchell, E. J. Jolley, and A. J. Fraser (1993), Mesozoic to Cenozoic plate reconstructions of the North Atlantic and hydrocarbon plays of the Atlantic margins, in Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 4th Conference, edited by J. R. Parker, pp. 953-974, Geol. Soc., London.
46. Laughton, A. S., et al. (1972), Sites 116 and 117, Initial Rep. Deep Sea Drill. Proj., XII, 395-671, doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.12.108.1972.
47. Ludwig, W. J., J. E. Nafe, and C. L. Drake (1970), Seismic refraction, in The Sea, vol. 4, New Concepts of Sea Floor Evolution, Part I, edited by A. E. Maxwell, pp. 5-84, Wiley-Interscience, Hoboken, N. J.
48. Lundin, E., and A. G. Doré (2005), NE Atlantic break-up: A re-examination of the Iceland mantle plume model and the Atlantic-Arctic, in Petroleum Geology: Northwest Europe and Global Perspectives, Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference, edited by A. G. Doré and B. A. Vining, pp. 739-754, Geol. Soc., London.
49. Lutter, W. J., and R. L. Nowack (1990), Inversion for crustal structure using reflections from the PASSCAL Ouachita experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 4633-4646.
50. Mascle, J., and E. Blarez (1987), Evidence for transform margin evolution from the Ivory Coast-Ghana continental margin, Nature, 326, 378-381, doi:10.1038/326378a0.
51. Morewood, N. C., P. M. Shannon, and G. D. Mackenzie (2004), Seismic stratigraphy of the southern Rockall Basin: A comparison between wide-angle seismic and normal incidence reflection data, Mar. Pet. Geol., 21, 1149-1163, doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.07.006.
52. Morewood, N. C., G. D. Mackenzie, P. M. Shannon, B. M. O'Reilly, P. W. Readman, and J. Makris (2005), The crustal structure and regional development of the Irish Atlantic margin region, in Petroleum Geology: Northwest Europe and Global Perspectives, Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference, edited by A. G. Doré and B. A. Vining, pp. 1023-1033, Geol. Soc., London.
53. Morgan, J. V., P. J. Barton, and R. S. White (1989), The Hatton Bank continental margin - III. Structure from wide-angle OBS and multichannel seismic refraction profiles, Geophys. J. Int., 98, 367-384, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1989.tb03358.x.
54. O'Reilly, B. M., F. Hauser, A. W. B. Jacob, P. M. Shannon, J. Makris, and U. Vogt (1995), The transition between the Erris and the Rockall basins: New evidence from wide-angle seismic data, Tectonophysics, 241, 143-163, doi:10.1016/0040-1951(94)00166-7.
55. Park, R. G. (1994), Early Proterozoic tectonic overview of the northern British Isles and neighbouring terrains in Laurentia and Baltica, Precambrian Res., 68, 65-79, doi:10.1016/0301-9268(94)90065-5.
56. Passey, S. R., and B. R. Bell (2007), Morphologies and emplacement mechanisms of the lava flows of the Faroe Islands Basalt Group, Faroe Islands, NE Atlantic Ocean, Bull. Volcanol., 70, 139-156, doi:10.1007/s00445-007-0125-6.
57. Richardson, K. R., J. R. Smallwood, R. S. White, D. B. Snyder, and P. K. H. Maguire (1998), Crustal structure beneath the Faroe Islands and the Faroe-Iceland Ridge, Tectonophysics, 300, 159-180, doi:10.1016/ S0040-1951(98)00239-X.
58. Richardson, K. R., R. S. White, R. W. England, and J. Fruehn (1999), Crustal structure cast of the Faeroe Islands: Mapping sub-basalt sediments using wide-angle seismic,data, Petrol. Geol., 5, 161-172.
59. Riisager, P., J. Riisager, N. Abrahamsen, and R. Waagstein (2002), New palaeomagnetic pole and magnetostratigraphy of Faroe Islands flood volcanics, North Atlantic igneous province, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 201, 261-276, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00720-3.
60. Roberts, D. G., M. H. P. Bott, and C. Uruski (1983), Structure and origin of the Wyville-Thomson Ridge, in Structure and Development of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, edited by M. H. P. Bott et al., pp. 133-158, Plenum, New York.
61. Roberts, D. G., A. Ginzberg, K. Nunn, and R. McQuillin (1988), The structure of the Rockall Trough from seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection measurements, Nature, 332, 632-635, doi:10.1038/ 332632a0.
62. Sandwell, D. T., and W. H. F. Smith (1997), Marine gravity anomaly from Geosat and ERS 1 satellite altimetry, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 10,039-10,054.
63. Shannon, P. M., A. W. B. Jacob, B. M. O'Reilly, F. Hauser, P. W. Readman, and J. Makris (1999), Structural setting, geological development and basin modelling in the Rockall Trough, in Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th Conference, edited by A. J. Fleet and S. A. R. Boldy, pp. 421-431, Geol. Soc., London.
64. Smith, L. K., R. S. White, N. J. Kuszair, and iSIMM Team (2005), Structure of the Hatton Basin and adjacent continental margin, in Petroleum Geology: Northwest Europe and Global Perspectives, Proceedings of the 6th Petroleum Geology Conference, edited by A. G. Doré and B. A. Vining, pp. 947-956, Geol. Soc., London.
65. Smith, W. H. F., and D. T. Sandwell (1997), Global seafloor topography from satellite altimetry and ship depth soundings, Science, 277, 1957-1962.
66. Smythe, D. K. (1983), Faeroe-Shetland Escarpment and the continental margin north of the Faeroes, in Structure and Development of the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, edited by M. H. P. Bott et al., pp. 11-30, Plenum, New York.
67. Smythe, D. K. (1989), Rockall Trough - Cretaceous or Late Palaeozoic?, Scott. J. Geol., 25, 5-43.
68. 39Ar geochronology of the west Greenland Tertiary volcanic province, Earth Planet, Sci. Lett., 160, 569-586, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00112-5.
69. Talwani, M., J. L. Worzel, and M. Landisman (1959), Rapid gravity computations for two-dimensional bodies with application to the Mendocino submarine fracture zone, J. Geophys. Res., 64, 49-59.
70. Tate, M. P., C. D. Dodd, and N. T. Grant (1999), The Northeast Rockall Basin and its significance in the evolution of the Rockall-Faeroes/east Greenland rift system, in Petroleum Geology of Northwest Europe: Proceedings of the 5th Conference, edited by A. J. Fleet and S. A. R. Boldy, pp. 391-406, Geol. Soc., London.
71. 99Ar geochronology of Tertiary mafic intrusions along the east Greenland rifted margin: Relation to flood basalts and the Iceland hotspot track, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 156, 75-88, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00206-9.
72. Todd, B. J., I. Reid, and C. E. Keen (1988), Crustal structure across the southwest Newfoundland transform margin, Can. J. Earth Sci., 25, 744-759, doi:10.1139/e88-070.
73. Verhoef, J., W. R. Roest, R. Macnab, and J. Arkani-Hamed, and the Project Team (1996), Magnetic anomalies of the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans and adjacent land areas, Open File Rep. 3125a, Geol. Surv. of Can, Ottawa, Ont.
74. Vogt, U., J. Makris, B. M. O'Reilly, F. Hauser, P. W. Readman, A. W. B. Jacob, and P. M. Shannon (1998), The Hatton Basin and continental margin: Crustal structure from wide-angle seismic and gravity data, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 12,545-12,566.
75. Waagstein, R. (1988), Structure, composition and age of the Faroe basalt plateau, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. London, 39, 225-238.
76. 40Ar whole-rock dating of zeolite facies metamorphosed flood basalts: The upper Paleocene basalts of the Faroe Islands, Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. London, 197, 219-252.
77. White, R. S. (1992), Crustal structure and magmatism of North Atlantic continental margins, J. Geol. Soc., 149, 841-854.
78. White, R. S., G. D. Spence, S. R. Fowler, D. P. McKenzie, G. K. Westbrook, and A. N. Bowen (1987), Magmatism at rifted continental margins, Nature, 330, 439-444.
79. White, R. S., D. McKenzie, and K. O'Nions (1992), Oceanic crustal thickness from seismic measurements and rare earth element inversions, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 19,683-19,715.
80. White, R. S., L. K. Smith, A. W. Roberts, P. A. F. Christie, N. J. Kusznir, and the rest of the iSIMM Team (2008), Lower-crustal intrusion on the North Atlantic continental margin, Nature, 452, 460-464, doi:10.1038/nature06687.
81. Zelt, C. A., and D. A. Forsyth (1994), Modeling wide-angle seismic data for crustal structure: Southeastern Grenville Province, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 11,687-11,704.
82. Zelt, C. A., and R. B. Smith (1992), Seismic traveltime inversion for 2-D crustal velocity structure, Geophys. J. Int., 108, 16-34, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb00836.x.