The economic role of the Greek city

Greece and Rome

Volumn 46, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 147-167

  Salmon, John ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

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EID: 61449135138     PISSN: 00173835     EISSN: 14774550     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/gr/46.2.147     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (40)

1. Illuminated especially by T. Gallant, Risk and Survival in Ancient Greece (London, 1991).
2. 2 (London and Berkeley, 1985), 156.
3. R. Osborne, Chiron 18 (1988), 279-323.
4. L. Foxhall, Seeking the Ancient Economy: Olive Cultivation in Ancient Greece (Oxford, forthcoming), Ch. 2.
5. D. Ridgway, The First Western Greeks (Cambridge, 1992)
6. cf. R. Osborne, Greece in the Making 1200-479 B. C. (London and New York, 1996), 114-18.
7. 2 iii. 3 (Cambridge, 1982), 83-162.
8. R. Lane Fox, in P. Cartledge and F. D. Harvey (eds. ), Crux: Essays presented to G. E. M. de Ste Croix on his 75th birthday (Exeter, 1985), 208-32.
9. S. Hodkinson, CQ 36 (1986), 378-406.
10. P. Garnsey, Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World (Cambridge, 1988), gives figures for the proportion of inhabitants of Attica who could be fed on the cereals it grew; 50% is, for a year of normal harvest, a minimum.
11. For argument that Garnsey may have been optimistic, cf. M. Whitby, 'The Grain Trade of Athens in the Fourth Century B. C. ', in H. Parkins and C. Smith, Trade, Traders and the Ancient City (London, 1998), 102-28.
12. Cf. A. Burford, The Greek Temple Builders at Epidaurus: a social and economic study of building in the Asclepian sanctuary during the fourth and early third centuries B. C. (Liverpool, 1969), esp. 199-200.
13. P. J. Rhodes, A Commentary on the Aristotelian Athenaion Politecia (Oxford, 1981), 546.
14. W. K. Pritchett, The Greek State at War (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1974), i, 3-29.
15. Cf. e. g. Ps. -Xen. Ath. Pol. (the Old Oligarch), 1. 3.
16. G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, CQ 25 (1975), 48-52.
17. I am not persuaded by M. H. Hansen (Symbolae Osloenses 54 (1979), 5-22) that magistrates other than archons were generally unpaid in the fourth century, but there is little evidence
18. The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes (Oxford, 1991), 315-16; whether magistrates were paid in the fourth century (above, n. 22) makes little difference to the overall figures.
19. In J. W. Rich and A. Wallace-Hadrill, City and Country in the Ancient World (Leicester-Nottingham Studies in Ancient Society 2: London, 1991), 119-45.
20. R. H. Randall, AJA 57 (1953), 199-210, especially tables 1 and 2; the figures for slaves may be somewhat skewed by the exceptional Simias: a metic mason who worked with five of his own slaves.
21. There is support for the conclusion from Corinth. Some building was undertaken there by the oligarchic régime which succeeded the tyrants, but all the large projects replaced temples which had been burnt: they were not new (Salmon, Wealthy Corinth (Oxford, 1984), 180-4).
22. Salmon, op. cit. (n. 30), 133-4, 135-9; on the diolkos, G. Raepsaet and E. Tolley, BCH 117 (1993), 233-61.
23. R. Garland, The Piraeus (London, 1987).
24. R. E. Wycherley, How the Greeks Built Cities (London, 1949), 50-86
25. more specifically, J. J. Coulton, The Greek Stoa (Oxford, 1974).
26. Cf. R. M. Cook, JHS 99 (1979), 152-3.
27. Pol. 1321 b 12-13; we should not conclude that this was in Aristotle's view the most important function performed by magistrates; another list in Book 4 (1299 b 16-18) gives it much less emphasis.
28. A range of examples from Athens illustrated: J. M. Camp, The Athenian Agora (London, 1986), 126-8.
29. M. M. Austin, The Hellenistic World from Alexander to the Roman Conquest (Cambridge, 1981), no. 216.
30. S. C. Todd, The Shape of Athenian Law (Oxford, 1993), 316-20, with references.
31. H. Engelmann and R. Merkelbach, Die Inschriften von Erythrai und Klazomenai (Bonn, 1972), i, no. 15.
32. R. Meiggs, Trees and Timber in the Ancient Mediterranean World (Oxford, 1982).
33. M. N. Tod, A Selection of Greek Historical Inscriptions ii: From 403 to 323 B. C. (Oxford, 1948), no. 162.
34. Cf. G. E. M. de Ste. Croix, The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World (London, 1981), 287-8.
35. Especially J. Ober, Mass and Élite in Democratic Athens (Princeton, 1989).
36. P. Garnsey and I. Morris, in P. Halstead and J. O'Shea (eds. ), Bad Year Economics (Cambridge, 1989), 98-105.
37. 2 (London, 1993), 181-200
38. 3 960; CIG 3088.
39. For carefully nuanced conclusions, see R. Thomas, Oral Tradition and Written Record in Classical Athens (Cambridge, 1989), 30-1.
40. P. Cartledge in L. Foxhall and J. Salmon, When Men Were Men: Masculinity, Power and Identity in Classical Antiquity (London and New York, 1999), 67 n. 29.