Review: Powdery scab of potato-increased knowledge of pathogen biology and disease epidemiology for effective disease management

Potato Research

Volumn 52, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 17-37

  Merz, U ^a   Falloon, R E ^b  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b THE NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE FOR PLANT AND FOOD RESEARCH LIMITED   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Integrated disease management; Population genetics; Potato; Resistance; Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea

Indexed keywords

SOLANUM TUBEROSUM; SPONGOSPORA SUBTERRANEA F. SP. SUBTERRANEA;

EID: 61449134160     PISSN: 00143065     EISSN: 18714528     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11540-008-9105-2     Document Type: Review

References (109)

1. U Afek J Orenstein 2002 Disinfecting potato tubers using steam treatments Can J Plant Pathol 24 36 39
2. I Ahmad S Iftikhar MH Soomro U Merz 1996 First report of Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea on potato in Pakistan. Plant disease note 1386 P1 Plant Dis 80 9 959
3. BAB Andersen M Nicolaisen SL Nielsen 2002 Alternative hosts for potato mop-top virus, genus Pomovirus and its vector Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea Potato Res 45 37 43
4. Anonymous (1989) Schweizerische Handelsusanzen für Kartoffeln. Schweizerische Kartoffelkommission, Düdingen
5. Anonymous (2007) Gem fungicide factsheet. http://www.agronica.co.nz/ fungicidespage/factsheets/Gemfactsheet.pdf
6. JM Archibald PJ Keeling 2004 Actin and ubiquitin protein sequences support a Cercozoan/Foraminiferan ancestry for the Plasmodiophorid plant pathogens J Eukaryot Microbiol 51 113 118
7. DL Arnold D Blakesley JM Clarkson 1996 Evidence for the growth of Plasmodiophora brassicae in vitro Mycol Res 100 5 535 540
8. D Bass D Moreira P López-García S Poletc EE Chao S von der Heyden 2005 Polyubiquitin insertions and the phylogeny of Cercozoa and Rhizaria Protist 156 149 161
9. KS Bell J Roberts S Verrall DW Cullen NA Williams JG Harrison 1999 Detection and quantification of Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea in soils and on tubers using specifique PCR primers Eur J Plant Pathol 105 905 915
10. Bouchek-Mechiche K, Ruer D, Andrivon D, Jouan B (2000) The detection of Spongospora subterranea by bioassays, molecular and serological methods. In: Merz U, Lees AK (eds) Proceedings of the first European powdery scab workshop, Aberdeen, Scotland, July 20-22, 2000, pp 61-65. http://www.spongospora.ethz.ch/ EUworkshop/proceedings.html
11. JP Braselton 1992 Ultrastructural karyology of Spongospora subterranea Can J Bot 70 6 1228 1233
12. JP Braselton 1995 Current status of the plasmodiophorids Crit Rev Microbiol 21 4 263 275
13. ST Buczacki 1983
14. SR Bulman JW Marshall 1998 Detection of Spongospora subterranea in potato tuber lesions using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Plant Pathol 47 6 759 766
15. SR Bulman SF Kühn JW Marshal E Schnepf 2001 A phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA from members of the Plasmodiophorida and Phagomyxida Protist 152 43 51
16. Burgess PJ, Wale SJ (1994) Development of an integrated control strategy for powdery scab of potatoes. In: Brighton crop protection conference. Pests and diseases, 1994, vol 1. British Crop Protection Council, Alton, pp 301-306
17. Bus CB (2000) Powdery scab control in the Netherlands. In: Merz U, Lees AK (eds) Proceedings of the first European powdery scab workshop, Aberdeen, Scotland, July 20-22, 2000, pp 45-47. http://www.spongospora.ethz.ch/EUworkshop/ proceedings.html
18. DE Carling 1996 First report of powdery scab of potatoes in Alaska. Plant disease note 806-01N Plant Dis 80 10 1208
19. T Cavalier-Smith 1993 The protozoan phylum Opalozoa J Eukaryot Microbiol 40 5 609 615
20. B Christ 2001 Powdery scab: an emerging disease on potato Am J Potato Res 78 447
21. AM Clausen M Colavita I Butzonitch AV Carranza 2005 A potato collecting expedition in the province of Jujuy, Argentina and disease indexing of virus and fungus pathogens in Andean cultivars Genet Resour Crop Evol 52 1099 1109
22. JR Claxton DL Arnold D Blakesley JM Clarkson 1995 The effects of temperature on zoospores of the crook root fungus Spongospora subterranea f.sp. nasturtii Plant Pathol 44 5 765 771
23. de Bary A (1884) Vergleichende Morphologie und Biologie der Pilze, Mycetozoen und Bacterien. Engelmann, Leipzig
24. de Boer RF (2000a) Research into the biology and control of powdery scab of potatoes in Australia. In: Merz U, Lees AK (eds) Proceedings of the first European powdery scab workshop, Aberdeen, Scotland, July 20-22, 2000, pp 79-83. http://www.spongospora.ethz.ch/EUworkshop/proceedings.html
25. de Boer RF (2000b) Summary of the session on recognising the components of an integrated control approach to powdery scab and the potato mop top virus. In: Merz U, Lees AK (eds) Proceedings of the first European powdery scab workshop, Aberdeen, Scotland, July 20-22, 2000, pp 101-104. http://www. spongospora.ethz.ch/EUworkshop/proceedings.html
26. EG De Haan GW van den Bovenkamp 2005 Improved diagnosis of powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea) symptoms on potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.) Potato Res 48 1/2 1 14
27. NRX de Nazareno N Boschetto 2002 Seed-tuber transmission of Spongospora subterranea Fitopathol Bras 27 2 224
28. Dick MW (2001) Straminipilous fungi: systematics of the Peronosporomycetes including accounts of the marine straminipilous protists, the plasmodiophorids and similar organisms. Kluwer, Dordrecht
29. G Diriwächter G Herter D Gindrat 1979 Observations sur la culture de Spongospora subterranea (Plasmodiophoromycetes) en milieu gelose Ber Schweiz Bot Ges 89 105 113
30. GJ Down LJ Grenville JM Clarkson 2002 Phylogenetic analysis of Spongospora and implications for the taxonomic status of the plasmodiophorids Mycol Res 106 1060 1065
31. MA Draper GA Secor NC Gudmestad 1997 First report of potato powdery scab, caused by Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea, in North Dakota Plant Dis 81 693
32. DP Dylewsky 1990
33. Falloon RE (2008) Control of powdery scab of potato; towards integrated disease management. Am J Potato Res (in press)
34. RE Falloon SLH Viljanen-Rollinson GD Coles JD Poff 1995 Disease severity keys for powdery and downy mildews of pea, and powdery scab of potato N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 23 31 37
35. RE Falloon AR Wallace M Braithwaite RA Genet HM Nott JD Fletcher 1996 Assessment of seed tuber, in-furrow, and foliar chemical treatments for control of powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea f sp subterranea) of potato N Z J Crop Hortic 24 4 341 353
36. RE Falloon RA Genet AR Wallace HM Nott 1999
37. Falloon RE, Merz U, Curtin D, Butler RC (2001) Boron affects Spongospora subterranea infection of host roots; laboratory and glasshouse results. In: Porter I, de Boer D, Cahill D, Edwards J, Hollaway G, Irwin J, Falloon RE, Ophel-Keller K, Magarey R, Smith I (eds) Proceedings of the 2nd Australasian soilborne diseases symposium, Victoria, Australia, March 5-8, 2001, pp 101-102
38. RE Falloon RA Genet AR Wallace RC Butler 2003 Susceptibility of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars to powdery scab (caused by Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea), and relationships between tuber and root infection Australas Plant Pathol 32 377 385
39. RE Falloon D Curtin RA Lister RC Butler 2004
40. RE Falloon RA Genet RA Lister RC Butler 2005 Root function and growth of potato plants reduced by Spongospora subterranea infection Am J Potato Res 82 68
41. Falloon RE, Merz U, Lister RA, Wallace AR Lamberts R, Hayes S (2006) Morphology of Spongospora subterrnaea sporosori assists enumeration of resting spore inoculums. In: Falloon RE, Cromey MG, Stewart A, Jones EE (eds) Proceedings of the 4th Australasian soilborne diseases symposium, Queenstown, New Zealand, September 3-6, 2006, pp 70-71
42. Falloon RE, Merz U, Lister RA, Wallace AR (2007) Numbers of resting spores determined in sporosori of Spongospora subterranea. Proceedings of the 16th biennial Australasian Plant Pathology Society conference, Adelaide, Australia, September 24-27, 2007, p 141
43. Fornier N (1997) Epidemiology of Spongospora subterranea, the cause of powdery scab of potatoes. PhD thesis, Department of Agriculture, University of Aberdeen
44. Gans PT (2000) Summary of the session on symptom range and disease assessment. In: Merz U, Lees AK (eds) Proceedings of the first European powdery scab workshop, Aberdeen, Scotland, July 20-22, 2000, pp 27-28. http://www.spongospora.ethz.ch/EUworkshop/proceedings.html
45. Gans PT, Vaughan JE (2000) Cultivar susceptibility to powdery scab of potatoes, caused by Spongospora subterranea. In: Merz U, Lees AK (eds) Proceedings of the first European powdery scab workshop, Aberdeen, Scotland, July 20-22, 2000, pp 39-41. http://www.spongospora.ethz.ch/EUworkshop/ proceedings.html
46. RA Genet WF Braam DTP Gallagher JAD Anderson SL Lewthwaite 1995 'Gladiator': a new potato cultivar with high resistance to potato cyst nematode and powdery scab suitable for French fries and fresh market N Z J Crop Hortic 23 1 105 107
47. RA Genet RE Falloon WF Braam AR Wallace JME Jacobs SJ Baldwin 2005 Resistance to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) in potatoes-a key component of integrated disease management Acta Hortic 670 57 62
48. Genet RA, Braam WF, Wallace AR, Falloon RE (2007) Susceptibility of potato cultivars and germplasm lines to powdery scab in New Zealand. In: Abstracts of the 2nd European powdery scab workshop, Langnau, Switzerland, August 29-31. http://www.spongospora.ethz.ch/EUworkshop07/abstracts/ Paper%20Summary%202nd%20EPSW%20Morphology%20of%20Spongospora.pdf
49. J Hamidullah OA Hidalgo A Muhammad S Khan 2002 Effect of seed or soil treatments with fungicides on the control of powdery scab of potato Asian J Plant Sci 1 4 454 455
50. JG Harrison RJ Searle NA Williams 1997 Powdery scab disease of potato-a review Plant Pathol 46 1 25
51. Hilton A, Brierley J, Lees A, Wale S (2007) Information note 98 'powdery scab overview'. SAC, Aberdeen. http://www.sac.ac.uk/mainrep/pdfs/ infonote98powderyscab.pdf
52. L Huber M Hammes G Eisenbeiss R Pöder M Kirchmair 2004 First record of a plasmodiohporid parasite in grapevine Vitis 43 187 189
53. Iftikhar S (2001) Biology and epidemiology of powdery scab of potato in Pakistan. PhD thesis, Department of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad
54. S Iftikhar I Ahmad A Hameed 2003 Occurrence of Spongospora subterranea in soils of potato growing areas of Pakistan Pak J Bot 35 1015 1025
55. JS Kim KY Ryu JT Kim YG Lee JU Cheon 2003 Occurrence of potato powdery scab caused by Spongospora subterranea in Korea Plant Pathol J 19 6 284 287
56. Kirk HG (2007) Varietal response to powdery scab and potato mop-top virus. In: Abstracts of the 13th EAPR Virology Section meeting, Coylumbridge, Aviemore, Scotland, June 17-22, 2007, p 16. http://www.eaprvirology2007.org.uk/ EAPR-abstracts&presentations.htm
57. RP Larkin TS Griffin 2007 Control of soilborne potato diseases using Brassica green manures Crop Prot 26 1067 1077
58. CH Lawrence AR McKenzie 1986
59. Lees AK (2000) Resistance to powdery scab. In: Merz U, Lees AK (eds) Proceedings of the first European powdery scab workshop, Aberdeen, Scotland, July 20-22, 2000, pp 35-38. http://www.spongospora.ethz.ch/EUworkshop/ proceedings.html
60. RA Lister RE Falloon D Curtin RC Butler 2004
61. I MacFarlane 1952 Factors affecting the survival of Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. in the soil and its assessment by a host test Ann Appl Biol 39 239 256
62. Merz U (1989a) Spongospora subterranea, Erreger des Pulverschorfes der Kartoffel: Einfluss von biotischen und abiotischen Faktoren auf den Wurzelbefall von Fangpflanzen sowie einige morphologische und kinetische Aspekte von Dauersporen und Zoosporen. PhD thesis, no 8930, ETH Zurich. http://e-collection. ethbib.ethz.ch/cgi-bin/show.pl?type=diss&nr=8930
63. U Merz 1989 Infectivity, inoculum density and germination of Spongospora subterranea resting spores: a solution-culture test system Bull OEPP 19 585 592
64. Merz U (1993) Epidemiological aspects of powdery scab of potatoes caused by Spongospora subterranea. In: Hiruki C (ed) Proceedings of the 2nd symposium of the International Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors, Montreal, Canada, July 25-27, 1993, pp 104-106
65. U Merz 1997 Microscopical observations of the primary zoospores of Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea Plant Pathol 46 5 670 674
66. Merz U (1999) Powdery scab-why should we care? In: Abstracts of conference papers, posters and demonstrations, 14th triennial conference of the EAPR, Sorrento, Italy, May 2-7, 1999, pp 267-269
67. Merz U (2000) Powdery scab control in Switzerland. In: Merz U, Lees AK (eds) Proceedings of the first European powdery scab workshop, Aberdeen, Scotland, July 20-22, 2000, pp 43-44. http://www.spongospora.ethz.ch/EUworkshop/ proceedings.html
68. U Merz V Martinez R Schwärzel 2004 The potential for the rapid screening of potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum) for resistance to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) using a laboratory bioassay Eur J Plant Pathol 110 71 77
69. Merz U, Zala M Jaquiery PY (2005a) Characteristics of a field population of Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea. In: Rush CM (ed) Proceedings of the 6th symposium of the International Working Group on Plant Viruses with Fungal Vectors, Bologna, Italy, September 5-7, 2005, pp 162-165
70. U Merz JA Walsh K Bouchek-Mechiche T Oberhänsli W Bitterlin 2005 Improved immunological detection of Spongospora subterranea Eur J Plant Pathol 111 371 379
71. Merz U, Jaquiery PY, Keiser A, Oberhaensli T (2006) Powdery scab of potato: an integrated strategy to improve seed quality in Switzerland. In: Falloon RE, Cromey MJ, Stewart A, Jones EE (eds) Proceedings of the 4th Australasian soilborne diseases symposium, Queenstown, New Zealand, September 3-6, 2006, p 22
72. M Montera-Astua V Vasquez C Rivera 2002 Occurrence of potato scab caused by Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea in Costa Rica Plant Dis 86 11 1273
73. A Nachmias J Krikun 1988 Etiology and control of powdery scab of potato in a semi-arid region of Israel Phytoparasitica 16 33 38
74. T Nakayama M Horita T Shimanuki 2007 Spongospora subterranea soil contamination and its relationship to serverity of powdery scab on potatoes J Gen Plant Pathol 73 229 234
75. SL Nielsen J Larsen 2004 Two Trichoderma harzinum-based bio-control agents reduce tomato root infection with Spongospora subterranea (Wallr.) Lagerh., f.sp. subterranea, the vector of Potato mop-top virus Zeitschr Pflanzenkr Pflanzensch 111 145 150
76. Nielsen SL, Nicolaisen M (2000) National potato production and the powdery scab situation in Denmark. In: Merz U, Lees AK (eds) Proceedings of the first European powdery scab workshop, Aberdeen, Scotland, July 20-22, 2000, p 13. http://www.spongospora.ethz.ch/EUworkshop/proceedings.html
77. SL Nuismer SP Otto 2004 Host-parasite interactions and the evolution of ploidy Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 30 11036 11039
78. GH Pethybridge 1911 Investigations on potato diseases J Dep Agric Tech Instr Irel 11 442
79. A Porta-Puglia D Milfsud 2006 First record of powdery scab caused by Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea on potato in Malta J Plant Pathol 88 2 227
80. Prentice M, Clayton R, Peters J, Wale S (2007) Managing the risk of powdery scab. A guide. British Potato Council, Oxford
81. XS Qu BJ Christ 2004 Genetic variation and phylogeny of Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea based on ribosomal DNA sequence analysis Am J Potato Res 81 385 394
82. XS Qu BJ Christ 2006 Single cystosorus isolate production and restriction fragment length polymorphism characterization of the obligate biotroph Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea Phytopathology 98 10 1157 1163
83. XS Qu BJ Christ 2006 The host range of Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea in the United States Am J Potato Res 83 4 343 348
84. XS Qu BJ Christ 2007 In vitro culture of the obligate parasite Spongospora subterranea (Cercozoa; Plasmodiophorida) associated with root-inducing transferred-DNA transformed potato hairy roots J Eukaryot Microbiol 54 6 465 467
85. XS Qu JA Kavanagh D Egan H Lahert 2001 Studies on amoebae and cysts associated with the isolation of Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea in vitro Plant Pathol 50 4 420 426
86. XS Qu JA Kavanagh D Egan BJ Christ 2006 Detection and quantification of Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea by PCR in host tissue and naturally infested soil Am J Potato Res 83 1 21 30
87. R Schwärzel 2002 Sensibilité des racines et tubercules des variétés de pommes de terre à la gale poudreuse et quelques résultats de lutte chimique Rev Suisse Agric 34 261 266
88. H Stachewicz S Enzian 2001 Entwicklungsnöglichkeiten für den Pulverschorf der Kartoffel in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Nachrichtenbl Dtsch Pflanzenschutzdienst 53 208 212
89. H Stachewicz S Enzian 2002 Kann der Pulverschorf in Deutschland an Bedeutung gewinnen? Kartoffelbau 1 28 31
90. J Tenorio Y Franco C Chuquillanqui RA Owens RF Salazar 2006 Reaction of potato varieties to Potato mop-top virus infection in the Andes Am J Potato Res 83 423 431
91. Theron DJ (1999) Chemical control of powdery scab: a "new" threat in South Africa. In: Abstracts of conference papers, posters and demonstrations, 14th triennial conference of the EAPR, Sorrento, Italy, May 2-7, 1999, pp 265-266
92. JR Thomson RJ Howard DR Waterer 2006 Evaluation of chemical treatments for the control of common scab and powdery scab of potato. In: Abstracts of the annual meeting of the Canadian Phytopathological Society, Québec, Québec, July 29-August 2, 2006 Can J Plant Pathol 28 365
93. JA Tomlinson 1958 Crook root of watercress. III. The causal organism Spongospora subterranea (Wallr.) Lagerh. f.sp. nasturtii f.sp.nov Trans Br Mycol Soc 41 491 498
94. H Torres MA Pacheco ER French 1995 Resistance of potato to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea) under Andean field conditions Am Potato J 72 355 363
95. L Tsror M Aharon O Ehrlich 1999 Survey of bacterial and fungal seedborne diseases in imported and domestic potato seed tubers Phytoparasitica 27 3 1 12
96. G Tuncer 2002 The effect of irrigation and nitrogen on powdery scab and yield of potatoes Potato Res 45 153 161
97. P van de Graaf AK Lees DW Cullen JM Duncan 2003 Detection and quantification of Spongospora subterranea in soil, water and plant tissue samples using real-time PCR Eur J Plant Pathol 109 589 597
98. P van de Graaf AK Lees SJ Wale JM Duncan 2005 Effect of soil inoculum level and environmental factors on potato powdery scab caused by Spongospora subterranea Plant Pathol 54 22 28
99. P van de Graaf SJ Wale AK Lees 2007 Factors affecting the incidence and severity of Spongospora subterranea infection and galling in potato roots Plant Pathol 56 1005 1013
100. van de Haar J (2000) The powdery scab situation in the Netherlands. In: Merz U, Lees AK (eds) Proceedings of the first European powdery scab workshop, Aberdeen, Scotland, July 20-22, 2000, pp 21-22. http://www.spongospora.ethz.ch/ EUworkshop/proceedings.html
101. Wale SJ (2000a) Summary of the session on national potato production and the powdery scab situation. In: Merz U, Lees AK (eds) Proceedings of the first European powdery scab workshop, Aberdeen, Scotland, July 20-22, 2000, pp 3-9. http://www.spongospora.ethz.ch/EUworkshop/proceedings.html
102. Wale SJ (2000b) Powdery scab control in Scotland. In: Merz U, Lees AK (eds) Proceedings of the first European powdery scab workshop, Aberdeen, Scotland, July 20-22, 2000, p 49. http://www.spongospora.ethz.ch/EUworkshop/ proceedings.html
103. JA Walsh U Merz JG Harrison 1996 Serological detection of spore balls of Spongospora subterranea and quantification in soil Plant Pathol 45 5 884 895
104. L Wennemann E Isufi A Kalo 2002 Ein Ueberblick ueber den Pflanzenschutz in Albanien Gesunde Pflanz 54 8 249 254
105. NH White 1954 The use of decoy crops in the eradication of certain soilborne plant diseases Aust J Sci 17 18 19
106. W Winter FA Winiger 1983 Einfluss verschiedener Fangpflanzen sowie von Kalk und Kalkstickstoff auf die Bodenverseuchung mit Spongospora subterranea, dem Erreger des Pulverschorfes Mitt Schweiz Landwirtsch 31 190 206
107. Wuerzer B (1965) Ergaenzende Untersuchungen ueber den Pulverschorf der Kartoffel und dessen Erreger Spongospora subterranea (Wallr.) Lagerh. Ulmer, Stuttgart
108. Young S (ed) (2008) New Zealand Novachem agrichemical manual. Agrimedia, Christchurch, pp 474-475
109. RT Zink RD Davidson A Houser 2004 Control strategies for powdery scab of potato Am J Potato Res 81 95 96