Use of activated silica sol as a flocculant in the treatment of acid mine drainage to promote sludge stability

Minerals Engineering

Volumn 22, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 506-512

  Demers, I ^a   Finch, J ^a   El Ammouri, E ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Acid rock drainage; Environmental; Flocculation; Leaching

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATED SILICA TREATMENT; CHEMICALS REMOVAL (WATER TREATMENT); EFFLUENTS; FLOCCULATION; GROUNDWATER; GROUNDWATER POLLUTION; GYPSUM; HYDROGEOLOGY; LEACHING; LIME; METALS; PRECIPITATION (CHEMICAL); SILICA; SILICATES; SOLS; STABILITY; WASTEWATER TREATMENT;

4 CYCLES; ACID MINE DRAINAGES; ACID ROCK DRAINAGE; ACIDIC DRAINAGES; ENVIRONMENTAL; LEACHABILITY; LIME TREATMENTS; LONG TERMS; LONG-TERM STABILITIES; LOW DOSAGES; METAL HYDROXIDES; MINE EFFLUENTS; MUNICIPAL WATERS; PH VARIATIONS; SETTLING CHARACTERISTICS; SHORT TERMS; SILICA SOLS; SIMULATED SOLUTIONS; SINGLE STAGES;

ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS;

EID: 61449107971     PISSN: 08926875     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2009.01.004     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Down C.G., and Stocks J. Environmental Impact of Mining (1977), Wiley, New York
2. Dugger D.L., Stanton J.H., Irby B.N., McConnell B.L., Cummings W.W., and Maatman R.W. The exchange of twenty metal ions with the weakly acidic silanol group of silica gel. Journal of Physical Chemistry 68 4 (1964) 757-760
3. El-Ammouri, E., 2000. Heavy Metals Removal from Effluents by Adsorption on Activated Silica Sols. Ph.D Thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
4. El-Ammouri E., Rodgers S., and Distin P.A. Dissolved copper and cobalt recovery from dilute acidic solutions by adsorption on silica sol. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 42 1 (2003) 17-28
5. Falcone, J.S., 1982. In: Soluble Silicates. American Chemistry Society Symposium Series 194, Washington, DC, pp. 133-148.
6. Fitch B. Batch tests predict thickener performance. Chemical Engineering 23 (1971) 1971
7. Gibson, S.J., 1993. Enhanced coagulation with activated silica. In: American Water Works Association Conference, Ottawa, Ontario.
8. Government of Ontario, 1994. Modified Leachate Extraction Procedure. Ontario Regulation 347. Environmental Protection Act.
9. Gowman, L.P., 1975. Chemical Stability of Metal Silicates versus Metal Hydroxides in Groundwater Conditions. Report C.I./80-1, Chemfix Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
10. Gray N.F. Environmental impact and remediation of acid mine drainage: a management problem. Environmental Geology 30 (1997) 62-71
11. Greenberg S.A. The chemisorption of calcium hydroxide by silica. Journal of Physical Chemistry 60 3 (1956) 325-330
12. Hogg R. Flocculation and dewatering. International Journal of Mineral Processing 58 1-4 (2000) 223-236
13. Iler R.K. The Chemistry of Silica: Solubility, Polymerization, Colloid and Surface Properties, and Biochemistry (1979), Wiley-Interscience, New York
14. James R.O., and Healy T.W. Adsorption of hydrolyzable metal ions at the oxide-water interface. I. Co(II) adsorption on SiO"2 and TiO"2 as model. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 40 1 (1972) 42-52
15. James R.O., and Healy T.W. Adsorption of hydrolyzable metal ions at the oxide-water interface. III. A thermodynamic model of adsorption. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 40 1 (1972) 65-81
16. Kalin M., Fyson A., and Wheeler W.N. The chemistry of conventional and alternative treatment systems for the neutralization of acid mine drainage. Science of the Total Environment 366 2-3 (2006) 395-408
17. Kuyucak N. Treatment options for mining effluents. Mining Environmental Management (2001) 12-15
18. Kuyucak, N., Sheremata, T.M., Wheeland, K.G., 1991. Evaluation of improved lime neutralization processes - Part 1 - Lime sludge generation and stability. In: Second International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage, Montréal, Canada. MEND, vol. 2, pp. 1-13.
19. Lamarche, Y., 2001. Private communication to I. Demers. National Silicates Inc.
20. Lange K.R., and Spencer R.W. Mechanism of activated silica sol formation. Environmental Science and Technology 2 3 (1968) 212-216
21. Lawrence R.W., and Scheske M. A method to calculate the neutralization potential of mining wastes. Environmental Geology 32 2 (1997) 100-106
22. MEND, 1997. Characterization and stability of acid mine drainage treatment sludges. Report 3.42.2, Canmet, Ottawa, Canada.
23. National Silicates Ltd, 1991. National Silicates Report. Toronto, Ontario.
24. 4. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 35 6 (1973) 1977-1985
25. Palmer B.R., Gutierrez G.B., and Fuerstenau M.C. Mechanisms involved in the flotation of oxides and silicates with anionic collectors: Parts 1 and 2. AIME Transactions 258 (1975) 257-260
26. Payette, C., Lam, W.W., Angle, C.W., Mikula, R.J., 1991. Evaluation of improved lime neutralization processes - Part 2 - Sludge characterization. In: Second International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage, Montréal, Canada. MEND, vol. 2, pp. 15-29.
27. 2O. Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions 2 (1974) 181-184
28. 2+. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 55 2 (1976) 469-475
29. Spencer R.W., Middleton A.B., and Merrill R.C. Gelation times of various silica sols. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 43 5 (1951) 1129-1132
30. SRK, 1989. Draft Acid Rock Drainage Technical Guide, vol. 1, Vancouver.
31. Vydra F., and Galba J. Sorption of hydrolytic products of iron(III), aluminium(III) and chromium(III) on the silica column and its analytical use. Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 235 2 (1968) 166-172
32. Waters, J.C., Santomartino, S., Cramer, M., Murphy, N., Taylor, J.R., 2003. Acid rock drainage treatment technologies-identifying appropriate solutions. In: 6th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage: Application and Sustainability of Technologies, Cairns, Australia, pp. 831-843.
33. Weber W.J., and Stumm W. Formation of a silicato-iron(III) complex in dilute aqueous solution. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 27 1 (1965) 237-239
34. White, W.B., Scheetz, B.E., Silsbee, M.R., Gill, P., LaRosa-Thompson, J., Reifsnyder, R., 1998. Interactions of aqueous metal silicates with mine water. In: Tailings and Mine Waste '98. Fort Collins, Colorado. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 589-598.
35. Zinck, J.M., 1997. Acid mine drainage sludge in the Canadian mineral industry: Physical, chemical, mineralogical, and leaching characteristics. In: Fourth International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage, Vancouver, Canada, vol. 4, pp. 1693-1708.
36. Zinck, J.M., 2004. Sludge management - an update on technologies. In: 2004 Ontario MEND Workshop, Sludge Management and Treatment of Weak Acid or Neutral pH Drainage. Sudbury, Canada. MEND, pp. B3.
37. Zinck J.M., and Aube B.C. Optimization of lime treatment processes. CIM Bulletin 93 1043 (2000) 98-105