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1
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61449163113
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-
From the 1996-2001 value of 14600 per year to 80000 per year: a rate of demolition last achieved in 1975 (Boardman, p. 371),
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From the 1996-2001 value of 14600 per year to 80000 per year: a rate of demolition last achieved in 1975 (Boardman, p. 371),
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2
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61449176196
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By 12
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By 12%.
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-
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3
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61449114936
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One of the underlying assumptions of the 40% House report is the introduction of free carbon shares, known as personal carbon allowances (PCAs) or personal carbon trading. This, or a policy of similar effect, is essential....'
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One of the underlying assumptions of the 40% House report is the introduction of free carbon shares, known as personal carbon allowances (PCAs) or personal carbon trading. This, or a policy of similar effect, is essential....'
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4
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61449209980
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-
The 40% House proposition is not helped by the lack of transparency in the calculations. Whilst Boardman notes that 'infiltration is reduced to 1.0 ach in existing properties by 2030', the initial infiltration assumption is not stated, and models are sensitive to this parameter. Although the 40% House report itself (Boardman et al., 2005) quoted a value of 3.5 air changes, which exceeds values typically chosen by modellers by a factor of 3 or 4. Also, the U-values of walls are reduced to 0.25 in 100% of houses. How this is achieved, especially in cavity wall houses, it not explained.
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The 40% House proposition is not helped by the lack of transparency in the calculations. Whilst Boardman notes that 'infiltration is reduced to 1.0 ach in existing properties by 2030', the initial infiltration assumption is not stated, and models are sensitive to this parameter. Although the 40% House report itself (Boardman et al., 2005) quoted a value of 3.5 air changes, which exceeds values typically chosen by modellers by a factor of 3 or 4. Also, the U-values of walls are reduced to 0.25 in 100% of houses. How this is achieved, especially in cavity wall houses, it not explained.
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5
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61449186536
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2)/kWh.
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2)/kWh.
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6
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61449241871
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The authors use the term 'capitals' for the different social, economic, and environmental values of man-made artefacts, in this case buildings
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The authors use the term 'capitals' for the different social, economic, and environmental values of man-made artefacts, in this case buildings.
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7
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61449246591
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A key point here is that some LZCTs mentioned by Boardman and Lowe do not export electricity, e.g. heat pumps and solar thermal, but many others, such as PV and micro-CHP, could
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A key point here is that some LZCTs mentioned by Boardman and Lowe do not export electricity, e.g. heat pumps and solar thermal, but many others, such as PV and micro-CHP, could.
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8
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61449187481
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Note that the import/export considerations for micro-CHP are broadly similar
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Note that the import/export considerations for micro-CHP are broadly similar.
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9
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61449256125
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Note that two off-shore wind developments proposed for the Thames Estuary would deliver the same amount of energy at about the same cost as 866000 micro-wind turbines
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Note that two off-shore wind developments proposed for the Thames Estuary would deliver the same amount of energy at about the same cost as 866000 micro-wind turbines.
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10
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61449236436
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Except for flood plain dwellers, perhaps
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Except for flood plain dwellers, perhaps.
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11
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61449177979
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In fact, to the English man, his castle
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In fact, to the English man, his castle.
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12
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61449199528
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Rising fuel prices help, but first cost is critical. In any case, energy costs are largely 'invisible' and to many still a relatively small part of their disposable income.
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Rising fuel prices help, but first cost is critical. In any case, energy costs are largely 'invisible' and to many still a relatively small part of their disposable income.
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13
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61449261992
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The present author recently had a conventional boiler replaced by a new condensing boiler which required the relocation of kitchen units. The exercise precipitated a mains water leak, a gas leak, three visits from plumbers and electricians, and a radiator that now fails to deliver heat: such sagas are far from a rarity
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The present author recently had a conventional boiler replaced by a new condensing boiler which required the relocation of kitchen units. The exercise precipitated a mains water leak, a gas leak, three visits from plumbers and electricians, and a radiator that now fails to deliver heat: such sagas are far from a rarity.
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14
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61449229798
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One might also reflect on Lowe's proposition about the backs of terraced houses, the rear of terraces, as the view from a railway train shows, are a jumble of ad-hoc extensions, rain water pipes, lean-to sheds, external wires and pipes, lovingly tended climbing plants, flue outlets, satellite dishes, etc. Thus, a demand-reduction opportunity these walls may be, but capitalizing on the opportunity might be an entirely different matter
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One might also reflect on Lowe's proposition about the backs of terraced houses - the rear of terraces, as the view from a railway train shows, are a jumble of ad-hoc extensions, rain water pipes, lean-to sheds, external wires and pipes, lovingly tended climbing plants, flue outlets, satellite dishes, etc. Thus, a demand-reduction opportunity these walls may be, but capitalizing on the opportunity might be an entirely different matter.
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15
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61449162202
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In their paper Ürge-Vorsatz et al. assert that 'the US building code is estimated to have reduced energy use by 0.57 EJ in 2000, Lowe (Editorial) muses on the basis for such a statement
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In their paper Ürge-Vorsatz et al. assert that 'the US building code is estimated to have reduced energy use by 0.57 EJ in 2000' - Lowe (Editorial) muses on the basis for such a statement.
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